Argatroban Dailymed
Generic: argatroban is used for the treatment of Hemorrhagic Disorders Thrombocytopenia Thromboembolism
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1 Indications And Usage
Argatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor indicated:
- Â For prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in adult patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (
1.1 )- Â As an anticoagulant in adult patients with or at risk for HIT undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (
1.2 )1.1 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Argatroban Injection is indicated for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in adult patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
1.2 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Argatroban Injection is indicated as an anticoagulant in adult patients with or at risk for HIT undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
2 Dosage And Administration
- Argatroban Injection 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL) must be diluted 100-fold by mixing with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or Lactated Ringer’s Injection to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. (
2.1 )- Argatroban Injection 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL) is ready for intravenous infusion. Dilution is not required. (
2.1 )
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia The dose for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia without hepatic impairment is 2 mcg/kg/min administered as a continuous infusion. (2.2 )
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention The dose for patients with or at risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is started at 25 mcg/kg/min and a bolus of 350 mcg/kg administered via a large bore intravenous line over 3 to 5 minutes. (2.3 )
2.1 Preparation for Intravenous Administration
Argatroban Injection 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL) must be diluted 100-fold prior to infusion. Argatroban should not be mixed with other drugs prior to dilution.
Dilution is not required for Argatroban Injection 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL).
Argatroban Injection 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL)
Argatroban 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL) should be diluted in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 5% Dextrose Injection, or Lactated Ringer’s Injection to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. The contents of each 2.5-mL vial should be diluted 100-fold by mixing with 250 mL of diluent. Use 250 mg (2.5 mL) per 250 mL of diluent or 500 mg (5 mL) per 500 mL of diluent.  Â
The constituted solution must be mixed by repeated inversion of the diluent bag for 1 minute. Upon preparation, the solution may show slight but brief haziness due to the formation of microprecipitates that rapidly dissolve upon mixing. Use of diluent at room temperature is recommended. Colder temperatures can slow down the rate of dissolution of precipitates. The final solution must be clear before use. The pH of the intravenous solution prepared as recommended is 3.2 to 7.5. Solutions prepared as recommended are stable at controlled room temperature, 20º to 25ºC (68º to 77ºF) (see USP) in ambient indoor light for 24 hours; therefore, light-resistant measures such as foil protection for intravenous lines are unnecessary. Solutions are physically and chemically stable for up to 96 hours when protected from light and stored at controlled room temperature, 20º to 25ºC (68º to 77ºF) (see USP) or at refrigerated conditions, 5º±3ºC (41º±5ºF). Prepared solutions should not be exposed to direct sunlight. No significant potency losses have been noted following simulated delivery of the solution through intravenous tubing.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.
Argatroban Injection 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL)
Each 50 mL glass vial contains 50 mg argatroban (1 mg/mL); and, as supplied, is ready for intravenous infusion. Dilution is not required. Argatroban Injection is a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Do not use if solution is cloudy, contains precipitates, or if the flip top cap is not intact.
Vial may be inverted for use with a medical infusion set.
2.2 Dosing in Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Initial Dosage
Before administering argatroban, discontinue heparin therapy and obtain a baseline activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The recommended initial dose of argatroban for adult patients without hepatic impairment is 2 mcg/kg/min, administered as a continuous infusion (see Table 1).
Table 1 Recommended Doses and Infusion Rates for 2 mcg/kg/min Dose of Argatroban for Patients With HIT* and Without Hepatic Impairment (1 mg/mL Final Concentration)
Body Weight (kg)
Dose (mcg/min)
Infusion Rate (mL/hr)
50
100
6
60
120
7
70
140
8
80
160
10
90
180
11
100
200
12
110
220
13
120
240
14
130
260
16
140
280
17
*with or without thrombosis
Monitoring Therapy For use in HIT, therapy with Argatroban Injection is monitored using the aPTT with a target range of 1.5 to 3 times the initial baseline value (not to exceed 100 seconds). Tests of anticoagulant effects (including the aPTT) typically attain steady-state levels within 1 to 3 hours following initiation of Argatroban Injection.
Check the aPTT 2 hours after initiation of therapy and after any dose change to confirm that the patient has attained the desired therapeutic range.
Dosage Adjustment After the initiation of Argatroban Injection, adjust the dose (not to exceed 10 mcg/kg/min) as necessary to obtain a steady-state aPTT in the target range [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ].
2.3 Dosing in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Initial Dosage Initiate an infusion of Argatroban Injection at 25 mcg/kg/min and administer a bolus of 350 mcg/kg via a large bore intravenous line over 3 to 5 minutes (see Table 2). Check an activated clotting time (ACT) 5 to 10 minutes after the bolus dose is completed. The PCI procedure may proceed if the ACT is greater than 300 seconds.
Dosage Adjustment If the ACT is less than 300 seconds, an additional intravenous bolus dose of 150 mcg/kg should be administered, the infusion dose increased to 30 mcg/kg/min, and the ACT checked 5 to 10 minutes later (see Table 3).
If the ACT is greater than 450 seconds, decrease the infusion rate to 15 mcg/kg/min, and check the ACT 5 to 10 minutes later (Table 3).
Continue titrating the dose until a therapeutic ACT (between 300 and 450 seconds) has been achieved; continue the same infusion rate for the duration of the PCI procedure.
In case of dissection, impending abrupt closure, thrombus formation during the procedure, or inability to achieve or maintain an ACT over 300 seconds, additional bolus doses of 150 mcg/kg may be administered and the infusion dose increased to 40 mcg/kg/min. Check the ACT after each additional bolus or change in the rate of infusion.
Table 2 Recommended Starting and Maintenance Doses (Within the Target ACT Range) of Argatroban Injection in Patients Undergoing PCI Without Hepatic Impairment  (1 mg/mL Final Concentration)
Body Weight (kg)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
Starting Bolus Dose
(350 mcg/kg)
Starting and Maintenance Continuous Infusion Dosing For ACT 300-450 seconds 25 mcg/kg/min
Bolus Dose (mcg)
Bolus Volume (mL)
ÂContinuous Infusion Dose (mcg/min)
Continuous Infusion Rate (mL/hr)Â
50
17500
18
1250
75
60
21000
21
1500
90
70
24500
25
1750
105
80
28000
28
2000
120
90
31500
32
2250
135
100
35000
35
2500
150
110
38500
39
2750
165
120
42000
42
3000
180
130
45500
46
3250
195
140
49000
49
3500
210
NOTE:Â 1 mg = 1000 mcg; 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
Table 3 Recommended Dose Adjustments of Argatroban Injection for Patients Outside of ACT Target Range Undergoing PCI Without Hepatic Impairment (1 mg/mL Final Concentration)
Body Weight (kg)
If ACT Less than 300 secondsDosage Adjustment†30 mcg/kg/min
If ACT Greater than 450 seconds Dosage Adjustment* 15 mcg/kg/min
Additional Bolus Dose (mcg)
Bolus Volume (mL)
Continuous Infusion Dose (mcg/min)
Continuous Infusion Rate (mL/hr)
Continuous Infusion Dose (mcg/min)
Continuous Infusion Rate (mL/hr)
50
7500
8
1500
90
750
45
60
9000
9
1800
108
900
54
70
10500
11
2100
126
1050
63
80
12000
12
2400
144
1200
72
90
13500
14
2700
162
1350
81
100
15000
15
3000
180
1500
90
110
16500
17
3300
198
1650
99
120
18000
18
3600
216
1800
108
130
19500
20
3900
234
1950
117
140
21000
21
4200
252
2100
126
NOTE: 1 mg = 1000 mcg; 1 kg = 2.2 lbs†Additional intravenous bolus dose of 150 mcg/kg should be administered if ACT less than 300 seconds.* No bolus dose is given if ACT greater than 450 seconds
Monitoring Therapy For use in PCI, therapy with Argatroban Injection is monitored using ACT. Obtain ACTs before dosing, 5 to 10 minutes after bolus dosing, following adjustments in the infusion rate, and at the end of the PCI procedure. Obtain additional ACTs every 20 to 30 minutes during prolonged procedure.
Continued Anticoagulation after PCI If a patient requires anticoagulation after the procedure, Argatroban Injection may be continued, but at a rate of 2Â mcg/kg/min and adjusted as needed to maintain the aPTT in the desired range [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1)].
2.4 Dosing in Patients with Hepatic Impairment
Initial Dosage
For adult patients with HIT and moderate or severe hepatic impairment (based on Child-Pugh classification), an initial dose of 0.5 mcg/kg/min is recommended, based on the approximately 4-fold decrease in argatroban clearance relative to those with normal hepatic function. Monitor the aPTT closely, and adjust the dosage as clinically indicated.
Monitoring Therapy Achievement of steady state aPTT levels may take longer and require more dose adjustments in patients with hepatic impairment compared to patients with normal hepatic function.
For patients with hepatic impairment undergoing PCI and who have HIT or are at risk for HIT, carefully titrate argatroban until the desired level of anticoagulation is achieved. Use of argatroban in PCI patients with clinically significant hepatic disease or AST/ALT levels ≥3 times the upper limit of normal should be avoided [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
2.5 Conversion to Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Initiating Oral Anticoagulant Therapy When converting patients from argatroban to oral anticoagulant therapy, consider the potential for combined effects on INR with co-administration of argatroban and warfarin. A loading dose of warfarin should not be used. Initiate therapy using the expected daily dose of warfarin. To avoid prothrombotic effects and to ensure continuous anticoagulation when initiating warfarin, it is suggested that argatroban and warfarin therapy be overlapped. There are insufficient data available to recommend the duration of the overlap.
Co-Administration of Warfarin and Argatroban Injection at Doses up to 2 mcg/kg/min Measure INR daily while Argatroban Injection and warfarin are co-administered. In general, with doses of Argatroban Injection up to 2 mcg/kg/min, Argatroban Injection can be discontinued when the INR is >4 on combined therapy. After Argatroban Injection is discontinued, repeat the INR measurement in 4 to 6 hours. If the repeat INR is below the desired therapeutic range, resume the infusion of Argatroban Injection and repeat the procedure daily until the desired therapeutic range on warfarin alone is reached.
Co-Administration of Warfarin and Argatroban Injection at Doses Greater than 2Â mcg/kg/min For doses of argatroban greater than 2Â mcg/kg/min, the relationship of INR between warfarin alone to the INR on warfarin plus argatroban is less predictable. In this case, in order to predict the INR on warfarin alone, temporarily reduce the dose of Argatroban Injection to a dose of 2Â mcg/kg/min. Repeat the INR on Argatroban Injection and warfarin 4 to 6Â hours after reduction of the Argatroban Injection dose and follow the process outlined above for administering Argatroban Injection at doses up to 2Â mcg/kg/min.
3 Dosage Forms And Strengths
- Injection: 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL) single-dose vial
- Injection: 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL) ready for intravenous infusion single-dose vial
- Injection: 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL) single-dose vial.
(3) Â- Injection: 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL) ready for intravenous infusion single-dose vial. (
3 )
4 Contraindications
Argatroban is contraindicated in:
- Patients with major bleeding, [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to argatroban. Airway, skin, and generalized hypersensitivity reactions have been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]
- Major bleeding
(4) - Â History of hypersensitivity to this product
(4)Â Â
5 Warnings And Precautions
Hemorrhage can occur. Unexplained fall in hematocrit or blood pressure may indicate hemorrhage. (5.1 )
Hepatic impairment: Adjust starting dose and titrate carefully in patients with HIT who have moderate or severe hepatic impairment. Avoid use in PCI in patients with clinically significant hepatic impairment. (5.2 )
5.1 Risk of Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage can occur at any site in the body in patients receiving argatroban. Unexplained fall in hematocrit or blood pressure may indicate hemorrhage. Intracranial and retroperitoneal hemorrhage [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] have been reported. The risk of hemorrhage with argatroban may be increased in severe hypertension; immediately following lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, major surgery (especially involving the brain, spinal cord, or eye), hematologic conditions associated with increased bleeding tendencies such as congenital or acquired bleeding disorders, and gastrointestinal lesions such as ulcerations.
Concomitant use of argatroban with antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics, and other anticoagulants may increase the risk of bleeding.
5.2 Use in Hepatic Impairment
When administering argatroban to patients with hepatic impairment, start with a lower dose and carefully titrate until the desired level of anticoagulation is achieved. Achievement of steady state aPTT levels may take longer and require more argatroban dose adjustments in patients with hepatic impairment compared to patients with normal hepatic function [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. Also, upon cessation of argatroban infusion in the hepatically impaired patient, full reversal of anticoagulant effects may require longer than 4 hours due to decreased clearance and increased elimination half-life of argatroban [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Avoid the use of high doses of argatroban in patients undergoing PCI who have clinically significant hepatic disease or AST/ALT levels ≥3 times the upper limit of normal.
5.3 Laboratory Tests
Anticoagulation effects associated with argatroban infusion at doses up to 40 mcg/kg/min correlate with increases of the aPTT. Although other global clot-based tests including prothrombin time (PT), the International Normalized Ratio (INR), and thrombin time (TT) are affected by argatroban, the therapeutic ranges for these tests have not been identified for argatroban therapy. In clinical trials in PCI, the ACT was used for monitoring argatroban anticoagulant activity during the procedure. The concomitant use of argatroban and warfarin results in prolongation of the PT and INR beyond that produced by warfarin alone [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ]. Â
6 Adverse Reactions
The following adverse reaction is also discussed in other sections of the labeling:
- Risk of Hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- HIT patients: The most common (>5%) adverse reactions were dyspnea, hypotension, fever, diarrhea, sepsis, and cardiac arrest.Â
(6.1) Â- PCI patients: The most common (>5%) adverse reactions were chest pain, hypotension, back pain, nausea, vomiting and headache.Â
(6.1) Â Â Â
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. at 1-877-233-2001 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Adverse Reactions in Patients with HIT (With or Without Thrombosis)
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The following safety information is based on all 568 patients treated with argatroban in Study 1 and Study 2. The safety profile of the patients from these studies is compared with that of 193 historical controls in which the adverse reactions were collected retrospectively. Adverse reactions are separated into hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic reactions.
Major bleeding was defined as bleeding that was overt and associated with a hemoglobin decrease ≥ 2 g/dL, that led to a transfusion of ≥ 2 units, or that was intracranial, retroperitoneal, or into a major prosthetic joint. Minor bleeding was overt bleeding that did not meet the criteria for major bleeding.
Table 4 gives an overview of the most frequently observed hemorrhagic reactions, presented separately by major and minor bleeding, sorted by decreasing occurrence among argatroban-treated patients with HIT (with or without thrombosis).
Table 4 Major and Minor Hemorrhagic Adverse Reactions in Patients With HIT*
Major Hemorrhagic Reactionsa
     Â
Argatroban-treated Patients (Study 1 and Study 2) (n = 568) %Â
Historical Controlc (n = 193) %
Overall bleeding
5.3
6.7
Gastrointestinal
2.3
1.6
Genitourinary and hematuria
0.9
0.5
Decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit
0.7
0
Multisystem hemorrhage and DIC
0.5
1
Limb and BKA stump
0.5
0
Intracranial hemorrhage
0b
0.5
Minor Hemorrhagic Reactionsa
             Â
Argatroban-treated Patients (Study 1 and Study 2)
(n = 568)Â %ÂHistorical Controlc (n = 193) %
Gastrointestinal
14.4
18.1
Genitourinary and hematuria
11.6
0.8
Decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit
10.4
0
Groin
5.4
3.1
Hemoptysis
2.9
0.8
Brachial
2.4
0.8
*  with or without thrombosisa) Patients may have experienced more than 1 adverse reaction.b)  One patient experienced intracranial hemorrhage 4 days after discontinuation of argatroban and following therapy with urokinase andoral anticoagulation.c) The historical control group consisted of patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIT (with or without thrombosis) that were considered eligible by an independent medical panel.        DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation.        BKA = below the knee amputation.
Table 5 gives an overview of the most frequently observed non-hemorrhagic reactions sorted by decreasing frequency of occurrence (≥2%) among argatroban-treated HIT/HITTS patients.
Table 5Â Non-hemorrhagic Adverse Reactions in Patientsa With HITb
         Â
Argatroban-treated Patients (Study 1 and Study 2) (n = 568) %Â
Historical Controlc (n = 193) %
Dyspnea
8.1
8.8
Hypotension
7.2
2.6
Fever
6.9
2.1
Diarrhea
6.2
1.6
Sepsis
6.0
12.4
Cardiac arrest
5.8
3.1
Nausea
4.8
0.5
Ventricular tachycardia
4.8
3.1
Pain
4.6
3.1
Urinary tract infection
4.6
5.2
Vomiting
4.2
0
Infection
3.7
3.6
Pneumonia
3.3
9.3
Atrial fibrillation
3.0
11.4
Coughing
2.8
1.6
Abnormal renal function
2.8
4.7
Abdominal pain
2.6
1.6
Cerebrovascular disorder
2.3
4.1
a) Patients may have experienced more than 1 adverse reaction.b) With or without thrombosisc) The historical control group consisted of patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIT (with or without thrombosis) that were considered eligible by an independent medical panel.
Adverse Reactions in Patients with or at Risk for HIT Undergoing PCI
The following safety information is based on 91 patients initially treated with argatroban and 21 patients subsequently re-exposed to argatroban for a total of 112 PCIs with argatroban anticoagulation. Adverse reactions are separated into hemorrhagic (Table 6) and non-hemorrhagic (Table 7) reactions.
Major bleeding was defined as bleeding that was overt and associated with a hemoglobin decrease ≥5 g/dL, that led to a transfusion of ≥2 units, or that was intracranial, retroperitoneal, or into a major prosthetic joint. The rate of major bleeding events in patients treated with argatroban in the PCI trials was 1.8%.
Table 6 Major and Minor Hemorrhagic Adverse Reactions in Patients With HIT Undergoing PCI
Major Hemorrhagic Reactionsa
Argatroban-treatedPatients (n = 112)b %
Retroperitoneal
0.9
Gastrointestinal
0.9
Intracranial
0
Minor Hemorrhagic Reactionsa
Argatroban-treated Patients (n = 112)b %
Groin (bleeding or hematoma)
3.6
Gastrointestinal (includes hematemesis)
2.6
Genitourinary (includes hematuria)
1.8
Decrease in hemoglobin and/or hematocrit
1.8
CABG (coronary arteries)
1.8
Access site
0.9
Hemoptysis
0.9
Other
0.9
a)  Patients may have experienced more than 1 adverse reaction.b)  91 patients who underwent 112 interventions.    CABG = coronary artery bypass graft.
Table 7 gives an overview of the most frequently observed non-hemorrhagic adverse reactions  (>2%), sorted by decreasing frequency of occurrence among argatroban-treated PCI patients.
Table 7Â Non-hemorrhagic Adverse Reactionsa in Patients With HIT Undergoing PCI
Argatroban Proceduresa (n = 112)b %
Chest pain
15.2
Hypotension
10.7
Back pain
8.0
Nausea
7.1
Vomiting
6.3
Headache
5.4
Bradycardia
4.5
Abdominal pain
3.6
Fever
3.6
Myocardial infarction
3.6
a)Â Â Patients may have experienced more than 1 adverse reaction.b)Â Â 91 patients who underwent 112 interventions.
There were 22 serious adverse reactions in 17 PCI patients (19.6% in 112 interventions). Table 8 uls the serious adverse reactions occurring in argatroban-treated patients with or at risk for HIT undergoing PCI.
Table 8 Serious Adverse Reactions in Patients With HIT Undergoing PCIa
Coded Term
Argatroban Proceduresb (n = 112)
Myocardial infarction
4 (3.5%)
Angina pectoris
2 (1.8%)
Coronary thrombosis
2 (1.8%)
Myocardial ischemia
2 (1.8%)
Occlusion coronary
2 (1.8%)
Chest pain
1 (0.9%)
Fever
1 (0.9%)
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
1 (0.9%)
Aortic stenosis
1 (0.9%)
Arterial thrombosis
1 (0.9%)
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
1 (0.9%)
Gastrointestinal disorder (GERD)
1 (0.9%)
Cerebrovascular disorder
1 (0.9%)
Lung edema
1 (0.9%)
Vascular disorder
1 (0.9%)
a)  Individual reactions may also have been reported elsewhere (see Table 6 and 7).b)  91 patients underwent 112 procedures. Some patients may have experienced more than 1 reaction.
Intracranial Bleeding in Other Populations
Increased risks for intracranial bleeding have been observed in investigational studies of argatroban for other uses. In a study of patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving both argatroban and thrombolytic therapy (streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator), the overall frequency of intracranial bleeding was 1% (8 out of 810 patients).  Intracranial bleeding was not observed in 317 subjects or patients who did not receive concomitant thrombolysis [see Drug Interactions (7.4) ].
The safety and effectiveness of argatroban for cardiac indications other than PCI in patients with HIT have not been established. Intracranial bleeding was also observed in a prospective, placebo-controlled study of argatroban in patients who had onset of acute stroke within 12 hours of study entry. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was reported in 5 of 117 patients (4.3%) who received argatroban at 1 to 3 mcg/kg/min and in none of the 54 patients who received placebo.  Asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 5 (4.3%) and 2 (3.7%) of the patients, respectively.
Allergic Reactions
One hundred fifty-six allergic reactions or suspected allergic reactions were observed in 1,127 individuals who were treated with argatroban in clinical pharmacology studies or for various clinical indications. About 95% (148/156) of these reactions occurred in patients who concomitantly received thrombolytic therapy (e.g., streptokinase) or contrast media.
Allergic reactions or suspected allergic reactions in populations other than patients with HIT (with or without thrombosis) include (in descending order of frequency):
- Â Airway reactions (coughing, dyspnea): 10% or more
- Â Skin reactions (rash, bullous eruption): 1 to <10%
- Â General reactions (vasodilation): 1 to 10%
Limited data are available on the potential formation of drug-related antibodies. Plasma from 12 healthy volunteers treated with argatroban over 6 days showed no evidence of neutralizing antibodies. No loss of anticoagulant activity was noted with repeated administration of argatroban to more than 40 patients.
7 Drug Interactions
Heparin: Allow sufficient time for heparin’s effect on activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to decrease before initiating Argatroban Injection therapy. (7.1 )
Warfarin:Â Concomitant use results in increased prolongation of PT and INR. (7.2 )
Thrombolytic agents or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists:Â Safety and effectiveness of concomitant use with argatroban have not been established. (7.4 ,7.5 )
7.1 Heparin
If argatroban is to be initiated after cessation of heparin therapy, allow sufficient time for heparin’s effect on the aPTT to decrease prior to initiation of argatroban therapy.
7.2 Oral Anticoagulant Agents
Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between argatroban and warfarin (7.5 mg single oral dose) have not been demonstrated. However, the concomitant use of argatroban and warfarin (5 to 7.5 mg initial oral dose, followed by 2.5 to 6 mg/day orally for 6 to 10 days) results in prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ].
7.3 Aspirin/Acetaminophen
No drug-drug interactions have been demonstrated between argatroban and concomitantly administered aspirin or acetaminophen [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Â
7.4 Thrombolytic Agents
The safety and effectiveness of argatroban with thrombolytic agents have not been established [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
7.5 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists
The safety and effectiveness of argatroban with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists have not been established.
8 Use In Specific Populations
- Lactation: Discontinue nursing or drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
(8.2) Â
- Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness have not been established.
(8.4) Â8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
Limited data from published literature and postmarketing reports do not suggest an association between argatroban and adverse fetal developmental outcomes. There are risks to the mother associated with untreated thrombosis in pregnancy and a risk of hemorrhage in the mother and fetus associated with use of anticoagulants (see Clinical Considerations). In animal reproduction studies, there was no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes with intravenous administration of argatroban during organogenesis in rats and rabbits at doses up to 0.3- and 0.2-times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MHRD) (see Data).
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%-4% and 15%-20%, respectively.
Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk
Pregnancy confers an increased risk for thromboembolism that is higher for women with underlying thromboembolic disease and certain high risk pregnancy conditions. Published data describe that women with a previous history of venous thrombosis are at high risk for recurrence during pregnancy.
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
Use of anticoagulants, including argatroban, may increase the risk of bleeding in the fetus and neonate. Monitor neonates for bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3)].
L abor or Delivery
All patients receiving anticoagulants, including pregnant women, are at risk for bleeding. Pregnant women receiving argatroban should be carefully monitored for evidence of excessive bleeding or unexpected changes in coagulation parameters [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3)].
Animal Data
Developmental studies performed in rats with argatroban at intravenous doses up to 27 mg/kg/day (0.3 times the maximum recommended human dose, based on body surface area) and in rabbits at intravenous doses up to 10.8 mg/kg/day (0.2 times the maximum recommended human dose, based on body surface area) have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus.
8.2 Lactation
R isk Summary
There are no data on the presence of argatroban in human milk, or its effects on milk production. Argatroban is present in rat milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for argatroban and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from argatroban or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.
Argatroban was studied among 18 seriously ill pediatric patients who required an alternative to heparin anticoagulation. Most patients were diagnosed with HIT or suspected HIT. Age ranges of patients were <6 months, n = 8; six months to <8 years, n = 6; 8 to 16 years, n = 4. All patients had serious underlying conditions and were receiving multiple concomitant medications. Thirteen patients received argatroban solely as a continuous infusion (no bolus dose). Dosing was initiated in the majority of these 13 patients at 1 mcg/kg/min. Dosing was titrated as needed to achieve and maintain an aPTT of 1.5 to 3 times the baseline value. Most patients required multiple dose adjustments to maintain anticoagulation parameters within the desired range. During the 30-day study period, thrombotic events occurred during argatroban administration to two patients and following argatroban discontinuation in three other patients. Major bleeding occurred among two patients: one patient experienced an intracranial hemorrhage after 4 days of argatroban therapy in the setting of sepsis and thrombocytopenia and another patient experienced an intracranial hemorrhage after receiving argatroban for greater than 14 days. The study findings did not establish the safe and effective use of argatroban in pediatric patients and the dosing of 1 mcg/kg/min was not supported by the pharmacokinetic data described below.
Pediatric Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD)
PK parameters of argatroban were characterized in population PK/PD analysis model with sparse data from 15 seriously ill pediatric patients. Argatroban clearance in these seriously ill pediatric patients (0.16Â L/hr/kg) was 50% lower compared to argatroban clearance in healthy adults (0.31Â L/hr/kg). Four pediatric patients with elevated bilirubin (secondary to cardiac complications or hepatic impairment) had, on average, 80% lower clearance (0.03 L/hr/kg) when compared to pediatric patients with normal bilirubin levels.
These PK/PD analysis models based on a goal of aPTT prolongation of 1.5 to 3 times the baseline value and avoidance of an aPTT >100Â seconds for seriously ill pediatric patients with HIT/HITTS who require an alternative to heparin suggested the following:
- For patients with normal hepatic function, a starting infusion rate of 0.75 mcg/kg/min may have comparable aPTT responses as a starting dose of 2 mcg/kg/min in healthy adults.Additionally, based on an evaluation of aPTT every two hours, increasing the dosage by 0.1 to 0.25 mcg/kg/min could achieve additional aPTT responses.
- For patients with hepatic impairment a starting infusion rate of 0.2 mcg/kg/min with increasing dosing by increments of 0.05Â mcg/kg/min may have comparable argatroban exposure as expected with adult doses.
The safety and effectiveness of argatroban with the above dosing have not been adequately assessed in pediatric patients and the safety and effectiveness of argatroban is not established in pediatric patients. In addition, the described dosage did not take into account multiple factors that could affect the dosage such as current aPTT, target aPTT, and the clinical status of the patient.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Of the total number of subjects (1340) in clinical studies of argatroban, 35% were 65 and over. In the clinical studies of adult patients with HIT (with or without thrombosis), the effectiveness of argatroban was not affected by age. No trends were observed across age groups for both aPTT and the ACT. The safety analysis did suggest that older patients had increased underlying conditions, which may predispose them to adverse reactions. The studies were not sized appropriately to detect differences in safety between age groups.
8.6 Hepatic Impairment
Dose reduction and careful titration are required when administering argatroban to patients with hepatic impairment. Reversal of anticoagulant effect may be prolonged in this population [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Warning and Precautions (5.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
10 Overdosage
Excessive anticoagulation, with or without bleeding, may be controlled by discontinuing argatroban or by decreasing the argatroban dose. In clinical studies, anticoagulation parameters generally returned from therapeutic levels to baseline within 2 to 4 hours after discontinuation of the drug. Reversal of anticoagulant effect may take longer in patients with hepatic impairment. No specific antidote to argatroban is available; if life-threatening bleeding occurs and excessive plasma levels of argatroban are suspected, discontinue argatroban immediately and measure aPTT and other coagulation parameters. When argatroban was administered as a continuous infusion (2 mcg/kg/min) prior to and during a 4-hour hemodialysis session, approximately 20% of argatroban was cleared through dialysis.
Single intravenous doses of argatroban at 200, 124, 150, and 200 mg/kg were lethal to mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs, respectively. The symptoms of acute toxicity were loss of righting reflex, tremors, clonic convulsions, paralysis of hind limbs, and coma.
11 Description
Argatroban is a synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor and the chemical name is 1-[5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-1-oxo-2-[[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-methyl-8- quinolinyl)sulfonyl]amino]pentyl]-4-methyl-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid, monohydrate. Argatroban has 4 asymmetric carbons. One of the asymmetric carbons has an R configuration (stereoisomer Type I) and an S configuration (stereoisomer Type II). Argatroban consists of a mixture of R and S stereoisomers at a ratio of approximately 65:35.
The molecular formula of argatroban is C23H36N6O5S•H2O. Its molecular weight is 526.66 g/mol. The structural formula is shown below:
Argatroban is a white, odorless crystalline powder that is freely soluble in glacial acetic acid, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, and ether.
Argatroban Injection 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL) is a sterile clear, colorless to pale yellow, slightly viscous solution. Argatroban Injection 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL) is available in 250-mg (in 2.5-mL) single-dose amber vials, with white flip-top caps. Each mL of sterile, nonpyrogenic solution contains 100 mg Argatroban. Inert ingredients (per vial): 1300 mg Propylene glycol, 760 mg Dehydrated alcohol.
Argatroban Injection 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL) is a sterile clear, colorless to pale yellow, solution. Argatroban Injection 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL) is available in 50-mg (in 50-mL) single-dose vials, with white flip-top caps. Each mL of sterile, nonpyrogenic solution contains 1 mg Argatroban. Inert ingredients (per vial): 260 mg Propylene glycol, 152 mg Dehydrated alcohol, and 450 mg Sodium Chloride.
12 Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Argatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor that reversibly binds to the thrombin active site. Argatroban does not require the co-factor antithrombin III for antithrombotic activity. Argatroban exerts its anticoagulant effects by inhibiting thrombin-catalyzed or -induced reactions, including fibrin formation; activation of coagulation factors V, VIII, and XIII; activation of protein C; and platelet aggregation.
Argatroban inhibits thrombin with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 0.04 μM. At therapeutic concentrations, argatroban has little or no effect on related serine proteases (trypsin, factor Xa, plasmin, and kallikrein).
Argatroban is capable of inhibiting the action of both free and clot-associated thrombin.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
When argatroban is administered by continuous infusion, anticoagulant effects and plasma concentrations of argatroban follow similar, predictable temporal response profiles, with low intersubject variability. Immediately upon initiation of argatroban infusion, anticoagulant effects are produced as plasma argatroban concentrations begin to rise. Steady-state levels of both drug and anticoagulant effect are typically attained within 1 to 3Â hours and are maintained until the infusion is discontinued or the dosage adjusted. Steady-state plasma argatroban concentrations increase proportionally with dose (for infusion doses up to 40Â mcg/kg/min in healthy subjects) and are well correlated with steady-state anticoagulant effects. For infusion doses up to 40Â mcg/kg/min, argatroban increases in a dose-dependent fashion, the aPTT, ACT, the prothrombin time (PT), the International Normalized Ratio (INR), and the thrombin time (TT) in healthy volunteers and cardiac patients. Representative steady-state plasma argatroban concentrations and anticoagulant effects are shown below for argatroban infusion doses up to 10Â mcg/kg/min (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. Relationship at Steady State Between Argatroban Dose, Plasma Argatroban Concentration and Anticoagulant Effect
Effect on International Normalized Ratio (INR): Because argatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor, co-administration of argatroban and warfarin produces a combined effect on the laboratory measurement of the INR. However, concurrent therapy, compared to warfarin monotherapy, exerts no additional effect on vitamin K–dependent factor Xa activity.
The relationship between INR on co-therapy and warfarin alone is dependent on both the dose of argatroban and the thromboplastin reagent used. This relationship is influenced by the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of the thromboplastin. Data for 2 commonly utilized thromboplastins with ISI values of 0.88 (Innovin, Dade) and 1.78 (Thromboplastin C Plus, Dade) are presented in Figure 2 for an argatroban dose of 2Â mcg/kg/min. Thromboplastins with higher ISI values than shown result in higher INRs on combined therapy of warfarin and argatroban. These data are based on results obtained in normal individuals [see Drug Interactions (7.2), Dosage and Administration (2.5), Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Figure 2. INR Relationship of Argatroban Plus Warfarin Versus Warfarin Alone
Figure 2 demonstrates the relationship between INR for warfarin alone and INR for warfarin co-administered with argatroban at a dose of 2 mcg/kg/min. To calculate INR for warfarin alone (INRW), based on INR for co-therapy of warfarin and argatroban (INRWA), when the argatroban dose is 2 mcg/kg/min, use the equation next to the appropriate curve. Example: At a dose of 2 mcg/kg/min and an INR performed with Thromboplastin A, the equation 0.19 + 0.57 (INRWA) = INRW would allow a prediction of the INR on warfarin alone (INRW). Thus, using an INRWA value of 4.0 obtained on combined therapy: INRW = 0.19 + 0.57 (4) = 2.47 as the value for INR on warfarin alone. The error (confidence interval) associated with a prediction is ± 0.4 units. Similar linear relationships and prediction errors exist for argatroban at a dose of 1 mcg/kg/min. Thus, for argatroban doses of 1 or 2 mcg/kg/min, INRW can be predicted from INRWA. For argatroban doses greater than 2 mcg/kg/min, the error associated with predicting INRW from INRWA is ± 1. Thus, INRW cannot be reliably predicted from INRWA at doses greater than 2 mcg/kg/min.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Distribution Argatroban distributes mainly in the extracellular fluid as evidenced by an apparent steady-state volume of distribution of 174 mL/kg (12.18 L in a 70 kg adult). Argatroban is 54% bound to human serum proteins, with binding to albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein being 20% and 34%, respectively.
Metabolism The main route of argatroban metabolism is hydroxylation and aromatization of the 3-methyltetrahydroquinoline ring in the liver. The formation of each of the 4 known metabolites is catalyzed in vitro by the human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4/5. The primary metabolite (M1) exerts 3- to 5-fold weaker anticoagulant effects than argatroban. Unchanged argatroban is the major component in plasma. The plasma concentrations of M1 range between 0% and 20% of that of the parent drug. The other metabolites (M2 to M4) are found only in very low quantities in the urine and have not been detected in plasma or feces. These data, together with the lack of effect of erythromycin (a potent CYP3A4/5 inhibitor) on argatroban pharmacokinetics, suggest that CYP3A4/5-mediated metabolism is not an important elimination pathway in vivo.
Total body clearance is approximately 5.1Â mL/kg/min (0.31Â L/kg/hr) for infusion doses up to 40Â mcg/kg/min. The terminal elimination half-life of argatroban ranges between 39 and 51Â minutes.
There is no interconversion of the 21–(R):21–(S) diastereoisomers. The plasma ratio of these diastereoisomers is unchanged by metabolism or hepatic impairment, remaining constant at 65:35 (± 2%).
Excretion Argatroban is excreted primarily in the feces, presumably through biliary secretion. In a study in which 14C-argatroban (5Â mcg/kg/min) was infused for 4Â hours into healthy subjects, approximately 65% of the radioactivity was recovered in the feces within 6Â days of the start of infusion with little or no radioactivity subsequently detected. Approximately 22% of the radioactivity appeared in the urine within 12Â hours of the start of infusion. Little or no additional urinary radioactivity was subsequently detected. Average percent recovery of unchanged drug, relative to total dose, was 16% in urine and at least 14% in feces.
Special Populations Hepatic Impairment: The dosage of argatroban should be decreased in patients with hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Patients with hepatic impairment were not studied in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) trials. At a dose of 2.5 mcg/kg/min, hepatic impairment is associated with decreased clearance and increased elimination half-life of argatroban (to 1.9 mL/kg/min and 181 minutes, respectively, for patients with a Child-Pugh score greater than 6).
Renal Impairment: No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal dysfunction. The effect of renal disease on the pharmacokinetics of argatroban was studied in 6 subjects with normal renal function (mean Clcr = 95 ± 16 mL/min) and in 18 subjects with mild (mean Clcr = 64 ± 10 mL/min), moderate (mean Clcr = 41 ± 5.8 mL/min), and severe (mean Clcr = 5 ± 7 mL/min) renal impairment. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban at dosages up to 5 mcg/kg/min were not significantly affected by renal dysfunction.
Use of argatroban was evaluated in a study of 12 patients with stable end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis. Argatroban was administered at a rate of 2 to 3 mcg/kg/min (begun at least 4 hours prior to dialysis) or as a bolus dose of 250 mcg/kg at the start of dialysis followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mcg/kg/min. Although these regimens did not achieve the goal of maintaining ACT values at 1.8 times the baseline value throughout most of the hemodialysis period, the hemodialysis sessions were successfully completed with both of these regimens. The mean ACTs produced in this study ranged from 1.39 to 1.82 times baseline, and the mean aPTTs ranged from 1.96 to 3.4 times the baseline. When argatroban was administered as a continuous infusion of 2 mcg/kg/min prior to and during a 4-hour hemodialysis session, approximately 20% was cleared through dialysis.
Age, Gender:Â There are no clinically significant effects of age or gender on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics (e.g., aPTT) of argatroban in adults.
Drug-Drug Interactions
Digoxin:Â In 12 healthy volunteers, intravenous infusion of argatroban (2 mcg/kg/min) over 5 days (study days 11 to 15) did not affect the steady-state pharmacokinetics of oral digoxin (0.375 mg daily for 15 days).
Erythromycin: In 10 healthy subjects, orally administered erythromycin (a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4/5) at 500 mg four times daily for 7 days had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of argatroban at a dose of 1 mcg/kg/min for 5 hours. These data suggest oxidative metabolism by CYP3A4/5 is not an important elimination pathway in vivo for argatroban.
Aspirin and Acetaminophen:Â Drug-drug interactions have not been demonstrated between argatroban and concomitantly administered aspirin (162.5 mg orally given 26 and 2 hours prior to initiation of argatroban 1 mcg/kg/min over 4 hours) or acetaminophen (1,000 mg orally given 12, 6, and 0 hours prior to, and 6 and 12 hours subsequent to, initiation of argatroban1.5 mcg/kg/min over 18 hours).
13 Nonclinical Toxicology
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenicity studies with argatroban have not been performed.
Argatroban was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO/HGPRT) forward mutation test, the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast chromosome aberration test, the rat hepatocyte, and WI-38 human fetal lung cell unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) tests, or the mouse micronucleus test.
Argatroban at intravenous doses up to 27Â mg/kg/day (0.3Â times the recommended maximum human dose based on body surface area) had no effect on fertility and reproductive function of male and female rats.
14 Clinical Studies
14.1 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
The safety and efficacy of argatroban were evaluated in a historically controlled efficacy and safety study (Study 1) and a follow-on efficacy and safety study (Study 2). These studies were comparable with regard to study design, study objectives, dosing regimens as well as study outline, conduct, and monitoring. In these studies, 568 adult patients were treated with argatroban and 193 adult patients made up the historical control group. Patients had a clinical diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, either without thrombosis (HIT) or with thrombosis (HITTS [heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome]) and were males or non-pregnant females between the age of 18 and 80 years old. HIT/HITTS was defined by a fall in platelet count to less than 100,000/μL or a 50% decrease in platelets after the initiation of heparin therapy with no apparent explanation other than HIT. Patients with HITTS also had an arterial or venous thrombosis documented by appropriate imaging techniques or supported by clinical evidence such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, or other clinical indications of vascular occlusion. Patients who had documented histories of positive heparin-dependent antibody tests without current thrombocytopenia or heparin challenge (e.g., patients with latent disease) were also included if they required anticoagulation.
These studies did not include patients with documented unexplained aPTT >200% of control at baseline, documented coagulation disorder or bleeding diathesis unrelated to HIT, a lumbar puncture within the past 7Â days or a history of previous aneurysm, hemorrhagic stroke, or a thrombotic stroke within the past 6Â months unrelated to HIT.
The initial dose of argatroban was 2Â mcg/kg/min. Â Two hours after the start of the argatroban infusion, an aPTT level was obtained and dose adjustments were made (up to a maximum of 10 mcg/kg/min) to achieve a steady-state aPTT value that was 1.5 to 3.0Â times the baseline value, not to exceed 100Â seconds. Â Overall the mean aPTT level for HIT and HITTS patients during the argatroban infusion increased from baseline values of 34Â and 38 seconds, respectively, to 62.5 and 64.5 seconds, respectively.
The primary efficacy analysis was based on a comparison of event rates for a composite endpoint that included death (all causes), amputation (all causes) or new thrombosis during the treatment and follow-up period (study days 0 to 37). Secondary analyses included evaluation of the event rates for the components of the composite endpoint as well as time-to-event analyses.
In Study 1, a total of 304 patients were enrolled as follows:Â active HIT (n = 129), active HITTS (n =144), or latent disease (n = 31). Â Among the 193 historical controls, 139 (72%) had active HIT, 46 (24%) had active HITTS, and 8 (4%) had latent disease. Within each group, those with active HIT and those with latent disease were analyzed together. Positive laboratory confirmation of HIT/HITTS by the heparin-induced platelet aggregation test or serotonin release assay was demonstrated in 174 of 304 (57%) argatroban-treated patients (i.e., in 80 with HIT or latent disease and 94 with HITTS) and in 149 of 193 (77%) historical controls (i.e., in 119 with HIT or latent disease and 30 with HITTS). The test results for the remainder of the patients and controls were either negative or not determined.
There was a significant improvement in the composite outcome in patients with HIT and HITTS treated with argatroban versus those in the historical control group (see Table 9). The components of the composite endpoint are shown in Table 9.
Table 9 Efficacy Results of Study 1: Composite Endpointa and Individual Components, Ranked by Severityb
Parameter, N (%)
HIT
HITTS
HIT/HITTS
Control n = 147
Argatroban n = 160
Control n = 46
Argatroban n = 144
Control n = 193
Argatroban n = 304
Composite Endpoint
57 (38.8)
41 (25.6)
26 (56.5)
63 (43.8)
83 (43.0)
104 (34.2)
Individual Componentsb
Death
32 (21.8)
27 (16.9)
13 (28.3)
26 (18.1)
45 (23.3)
53 (17.4)
Amputation
3 (2.0)
3 (1.9)
4 (8.7)
16 (11.1)
7 (3.6)
19 (6.2)
New Thrombosis
22 (15.0)
11 (6.9)
9 (19.6)
21 (14.6)
31 (16.1)
32 (10.5)
a)Â Death (all cause), amputation (all cause), or new thrombosis within 37-day study period.b)Â Reported as the most severe outcome among the components of composite endpoint (severity ranking: death > amputation > new thrombosis); patients may have had multiple outcomes.
Time-to-event analyses showed significant improvements in the time-to-first event in patients with HIT or HITTS treated with argatroban versus those in the historical control group. The between-group differences in the proportion of patients who remained free of death, amputation, or new thrombosis were statistically significant in favor of argatroban by these analyses.
A time-to-event analysis for the composite endpoint is shown in Figure 3 for patients with HIT and Figure 4 for patients with HITTS.
Figure 3. Time to First Event for the Composite Efficacy Endpoint: HIT Patients
* Censored indicates no clinical endpoint (defined as death, amputation, or new thrombosis) was observed during the follow-up period (maximum period of follow-up was 37Â days).
Figure 4. Time to First Event for the Composite Efficacy Endpoint: HITTS Patients
* Censored indicates no clinical endpoint (defined as death, amputation, or new thrombosis) was observed during the follow-up period (maximum period of follow-up was 37Â days).
In Study 2, a total of 264 patients were enrolled as follows: HIT (n = 125) or HITTS (n = 139). Â There was a significant improvement in the composite efficacy outcome for argatroban-treated patients, versus the same historical control group from Study 1, among patients having HIT (25.6% vs. 38.8%), patients having HITTS (41.0% vs. 56.5%), and patients having either HIT or HITTS (33.7% vs. 43.0%). Time-to-event analyses showed significant improvements in the time-to-first event in patients with HIT or HITTS treated with argatroban versus those in the historical control group. The between-group differences in the proportion of patients who remained free of death, amputation, or new thrombosis were statistically significant in favor of argatroban.
Anticoagulant Effect In Study 1, the mean (± SE) dose of argatroban administered was 2.0 ± 0.1 mcg/kg/min in the HIT arm and 1.9 ± 0.1 mcg/kg/min in the HITTS arm. Seventy-six percent of patients with HIT and 81% of patients with HITTS achieved a target aPTT at least 1.5-fold greater than the baseline aPTT at the first assessment occurring on average at 4.6 hours (HIT) and 3.9 hours (HITTS) following initiation of argatroban therapy.
No enhancement of aPTT response was observed in subjects receiving repeated administration of argatroban.
Platelet Count Recovery In Study 1, 53% of patients with HIT and 58% of patients with HITTS, had a recovery of platelet count by Day 3. Platelet Count Recovery was defined as an increase in platelet count to >100,000/μL or to at least 1.5-fold greater than the baseline count (platelet count at study initiation) by Day 3 of the study.
14.2 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Patients with or atRisk for HIT
In 3 similarly designed trials, argatroban was administered to 91 patients with current or previous clinical diagnosis of HIT or heparin-dependent antibodies, who underwent a total of 112 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), coronary stent placement, or atherectomy. Among the 91 patients undergoing their first PCI with argatroban, notable ongoing or recent medical history included myocardial infarction (n = 35), unstable angina (n = 23), and chronic angina (n = 34). There were 33 females and 58 males. The average age was 67.6 years (median 70.7, range 44 to 86), and the average weight was 82.5 kg (median 81.0 kg, range 49 to 141).
Twenty-one of the 91 patients had a repeat PCI using argatroban an average of 150Â days after their initial PCI. Seven of 91 patients received glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Safety and efficacy were assessed against historical control populations who had been anticoagulated with heparin.
All patients received oral aspirin (325 mg) 2 to 24 hours prior to the interventional procedure. After venous or arterial sheaths were in place, anticoagulation was initiated with a bolus of argatroban of 350 mcg/kg via a large-bore intravenous line or through the venous sheath over 3 to 5 minutes. Simultaneously, a maintenance infusion of 25 mcg/kg/min was initiated to achieve a therapeutic ACT of 300 to 450 seconds. If necessary to achieve this therapeutic range, the maintenance infusion dose was titrated (15 to 40 mcg/kg/min) and/or an additional bolus dose of 150 mcg/kg could be given. Each patient’s ACT was checked 5 to 10 minutes following the bolus dose. The ACT was checked as clinically indicated.  Arterial and venous sheaths were removed no sooner than 2 hours after discontinuation of argatroban and when the ACT was less than 160 seconds.
If a patient required anticoagulation after the procedure, argatroban could be continued, but at a lower infusion dose between 2.5 and 5Â mcg/kg/min. An aPTT was drawn 2Â hours after this dose reduction and the dose of argatroban then was adjusted as clinically indicated (not to exceed 10Â mcg/kg/min), to reach an aPTT between 1.5 and 3Â times baseline value (not to exceed 100Â seconds).
In 92 of the 112 interventions (82%), the patient received the initial bolus of 350 mcg/kg and an initial infusion dose of 25 mcg/kg/min. The majority of patients did not require additional bolus dosing during the PCI procedure. The mean value for the initial ACT measurement after the start of dosing for all interventions was 379 sec (median 338 sec; 5th percentile-95th percentile 238 to 675 sec). The mean ACT value per intervention over all measurements taken during the procedure was 416 sec (median 390 sec; 5th percentile-95th percentile 261 to 698 sec). About 65% of patients had ACTs within the recommended range of 300 to 450 seconds throughout the procedure. The investigators did not achieve anticoagulation within the recommended range in about 23% of patients. However, in this small sample, patients with ACTs below 300 seconds did not have more coronary thrombotic events, and patients with ACTs over 450 seconds did not have higher bleeding rates.
Acute procedural success was defined as lack of death, emergent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or Q-wave myocardial infarction. Acute procedural success was reported in 98.2% of patients who underwent PCIs with argatroban anticoagulation compared with 94.3% of historical control patients anticoagulated with heparin (p = NS). Among the 112 interventions, 2 patients had emergency CABGs, 3 had repeat PTCAs, 4 had non-Q-wave myocardial infarctions, 3 had myocardial ischemia, 1 had an abrupt closure, and 1 had an impending closure (some patients may have experienced more than 1 event). No patients died.
16 How Supplied/storage And Handling
Argatroban Injection is available in packages as follows: Â
NDC                           Strength                                                          Packaged
0143-9674-01Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 250 mg/2.5 mL (100 mg/mL)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Single Dose Vial
0143-9559-01Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Single Dose Vial
Storage and Handling
Store the vials in original carton at 20° to 25° C (68° to 77° F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not freeze. Retain in the original carton to protect from light. If the solution is cloudy, or if an insoluble precipitate is noted, the vial should be discarded.
17 Patient Counseling Information
Inform patients of the risks associated with Argatroban Injection as well as the plan for regular monitoring during administration of the drug. Specifically, inform patients to report:
- the use of any other products known to affect bleeding.
- any medical history that may increase the risk for bleeding, including a history of severe hypertension; recent lumbar puncture or spinal anesthesia; major surgery, especially involving the brain, spinal cord, or eye; hematologic conditions associated with increased bleeding tendencies such as congenital or acquired bleeding disorders and gastrointestinal lesions such as ulcerations.
- any bleeding signs or symptoms.
- the occurrence of any signs or symptoms of allergic reactions (e.g., airway reactions, skin reactions and vasodilation reactions).
Manufactured by:Â Exela Pharma Sciences, LLCLenoir, NC 28645
Distributed by:Â Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Berkeley Heights, NJÂ 07922
November 2020
Principal Display Panel
Single-Use VialNDC 0143-9674-01Discard Unused Portion ArgatrobanInjection 250 mg/2.5 mL(100 mg/mL) DILUTE PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATIONFor Intravenous Infusion Only Rx ONLY
Principal Display Panel
NDC 0143-9559-01Â Â Rx only Argatroban Injection50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL)Do NOT Dilute Prior to AdministrationFor Intravenous Infusion Only 50 mL Single Dose Vial Discard Unused Portion
NDC 0143-9559-01Â Â Rx only Argatroban Injection50 mg/50 mL (1 mg/mL)Do NOT Dilute Prior to AdministrationFor Intravenous Infusion Only 50 mL Single Dose Vial Discard Unused Portion
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