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Clonazepam (clonazepam 1 mg) Dailymed

  1. Human Prescription
  2. Archived
    • May Be Discontinued
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  3. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

Generic: clonazepam

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Boxed Warning

Warning: Risks From Concomitant Use With Opioids; Abuse,misuse, And Addiction; And Dependence And Withdrawal Reactions

  • Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.
  • Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.
  • Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required.
  • Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS).
  • The use of benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes. Before prescribing clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (see WARNINGS).
  • The continued use of benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. The risks of dependence and withdrawal increase with longer treatment duration and higher daily dose. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets after continued use may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening. To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets or reduce the dosage (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS).

  1. FDA Adverse Reactions

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Warning: Risks From Concomitant Use With Opioids; Abuse,misuse, And Addiction; And Dependence And Withdrawal Reactions

  • Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.

  • Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.

  • Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required.

  • Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS).

  • The use of benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes. Before prescribing clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (see WARNINGS).
  • The continued use of benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. The risks of dependence and withdrawal increase with longer treatment duration and higher daily dose. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets after continued use may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening. To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets or reduce the dosage (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS).

Description


Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating Tablets USP, a benzodiazepine, contains 0.125 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg or 2 mg clonazepam, USP. Each orally disintegrating tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: aspartame powder, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium stearyl fumarate, strawberry flavor and xylitol.

Chemically, clonazepam, USP is 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. It is a light yellow crystalline powder. It has the following structural formula:

C15H10CIN3O3 M.W. 315.72

Clinical Pharmacology


Pharmacodynamics


The precise mechanism by which clonazepam exerts its antiseizure and antipanic effects is unknown, although it is believed to be related to its ability to enhance the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Convulsions produced in rodents by pentylenetetrazol or, to a lesser extent, electrical stimulation are antagonized, as are convulsions produced by photic stimulation in susceptible baboons. A taming effect in aggressive primates, muscle weakness and hypnosis are also produced. In humans, clonazepam is capable of suppressing the spike and wave discharge in absence seizures (petit mal) and decreasing the frequency, amplitude, duration and spread of discharge in minor motor seizures.

Pharmacokinetics


Clonazepam is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of clonazepam is about 90%. Maximum plasma concentrations of clonazepam are reached within 1 to 4 hours after oral administration. Clonazepam is approximately 85% bound to plasma proteins. Clonazepam is highly metabolized, with less than 2% unchanged clonazepam being excreted in the urine. Biotransformation occurs mainly by reduction of the 7-nitro group to the 4-amino derivative. This derivative can be acetylated, hydroxylated and glucuronidated. Cytochrome P-450 including CYP3A, may play an important role in clonazepam reduction and oxidation. The elimination half-life of clonazepam is typically 30 to 40 hours. Clonazepam pharmacokinetics are dose-independent throughout the dosing range. There is no evidence that clonazepam induces its own metabolism or that of other drugs in humans.


Controlled studies examining the influence of gender and age on clonazepam pharmacokinetics have not been conducted, nor have the effects of renal or liver disease on clonazepam pharmacokinetics been studied. Because clonazepam undergoes hepatic metabolism, it is possible that liver disease will impair clonazepam elimination. Thus, caution should be exercised when administering clonazepam to these patients.

Clinical Trials



The effectiveness of clonazepam in the treatment of panic disorder was demonstrated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of adult outpatients who had a primary diagnosis of panic disorder (DSM-IIIR) with or without agoraphobia. In these studies, clonazepam was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in treating panic disorder on change from baseline in panic attack frequency, the Clinician’s Global Impression Severity of Illness Score and the Clinician’s Global Impression Improvement Score.

Study 1 was a 9-week, fixed-dose study involving clonazepam doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg/day or placebo. This study was conducted in four phases: a 1-week placebo lead-in, a 3-week upward titration, a 6-week fixed dose and a 7-week discontinuance phase. A significant difference from placebo was observed consistently only for the 1 mg/day group. The difference between the 1 mg dose group and placebo in reduction from baseline in the number of full panic attacks was approximately 1 panic attack per week. At endpoint, 74% of patients receiving clonazepam 1 mg/day were free of full panic attacks, compared to 56% of placebo-treated patients.

Study 2 was a 6-week, flexible-dose study involving clonazepam in a dose range of 0.5 to 4 mg/day or placebo. This study was conducted in three phases: a 1-week placebo lead-in, a 6-week optimal-dose and a 6-week discontinuance phase. The mean clonazepam dose during the optimal dosing period was 2.3 mg/day. The difference between clonazepam and placebo in reduction from baseline in the number of full panic attacks was approximately 1 panic attack per week. At endpoint, 62% of patients receiving clonazepam were free of full panic attacks, compared to 37% of placebo-treated patients.

Subgroup analyses did not indicate that there were any differences in treatment outcomes as a function of race or gender.

Indications And Usage


Seizure Disorders


Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets are useful alone or as an adjunct in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures. In patients with absence seizures (petit mal) who have failed to respond to succinimides, clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may be useful.

In some studies, up to 30% of patients have shown a loss of anticonvulsant activity, often within 3 months of administration. In some cases, dosage adjustment may reestablish efficacy.

Panic Disorder


Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets are indicated for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, as defined in DSM-V. Panic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of unexpected panic attacks and associated concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequences of the attacks, and/or a significant change in behavior related to the attacks.

The efficacy of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets was established in two 6- to 9-week trials in panic disorder patients whose diagnoses corresponded to the DSM-IIIR category of panic disorder (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials ).

Panic disorder (DSM-V) is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, i.e., a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which four (or more) of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes: (1) palpitations, pounding heart or accelerated heart rate; (2) sweating; (3) trembling or shaking; (4) sensations of shortness of breath or smothering; (5) feeling of choking; (6) chest pain or discomfort; (7) nausea or abdominal distress; (8) feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint; (9) derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself); (10) fear of losing control; (11) fear of dying; (12) paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations); (13) chills or hot flushes.

The effectiveness of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets in long-term use, that is, for more than 9 weeks, has not been systematically studied in controlled clinical trials. The physician who elects to use clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Contraindications


Clonazepam is contraindicated in patients with the following conditions:
  • History of sensitivity to benzodiazepines
  • Clinical or biochemical evidence of significant liver disease
  • Acute narrow angle glaucoma (it may be used in patients with open angle glaucoma who are receiving appropriate therapy).

Warnings


Risks from Concomitant Use With Opioids


Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including clonazepam, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.

Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. If a decision is made to prescribe clonazepam concomitantly with opioids, prescribe the lowest effective dosages and minimum durations of concomitant use, and follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation when clonazepam is used with opioids (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients and PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions ).

Abuse, Misuse, andAddiction:


The use of benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, exposes users to the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Abuse ).

Before prescribing clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., using a standardized screening tool). Use of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, particularly in patients at elevated risk, necessitates counseling about the risks and proper use of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets along with monitoring for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. Prescribe the lowest effective dosage; avoid or minimize concomitant use of CNS depressants and other substances associated with abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., opioid analgesics, stimulants); and advise patients on the proper disposal of unused drug. If a substance use disorder is suspected, evaluate the patient and institute (or refer them for) early treatment, as appropriate.

Dependence andWithdrawal Reactions:


To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets or reduce the dosage (a patient-specific plan should be used to taper the dose) (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Discontinuation or Dosage Reduction of CLONAZEPAM ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS ).

Patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages, and those who have had longer durations of use.

AcuteWithdrawal Reactions


The continued use of benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets after continued use, or administration of flumazenil (a benzodiazepine antagonist) may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening (e.g., seizures) (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Dependence )

ProtractedWithdrawal Syndrome


In some cases, benzodiazepine users have developed a protracted withdrawal syndrome with withdrawal symptoms lasting weeks to more than 12 months (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Dependence ).

Interference With Cognitive and Motor Performance


Since clonazepam produces CNS depression, patients receiving this drug should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous occupations requiring mental alertness, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle. They should also be warned about the concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS-depressant drugs during clonazepam therapy (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions and Information for Patients ).

Suicidal Behavior and Ideation


Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including clonazepam, increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking these drugs for any indication. Patients treated with any AED for any indication should be monitored for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behavior.

Pooled analyses of 199 placebo-controlled clinical trials (mono- and adjunctive therapy) of 11 different AEDs showed that patients randomized to one of the AEDs had approximately twice the risk (adjusted Relative Risk 1.8, 95% CI:1.2, 2.7) of suicidal thinking or behavior compared to patients randomized to placebo. In these trials, which had a median treatment duration of 12 weeks, the estimated incidence rate of suicidal behavior or ideation among 27,863 AED-treated patients was 0.43% compared to 0.24% among 16,029 placebo-treated patients, representing an increase of approximately one case of suicidal thinking or behavior for every 530 patients treated. There were four suicides in drug-treated patients in the trials and none in placebo-treated patients, but the number is too small to allow any conclusion about drug effect on suicide.

The increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with AEDs was observed as early as one week after starting drug treatment with AEDs and persisted for the duration of treatment assessed. Because most trials included in the analysis did not extend beyond 24 weeks, the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior beyond 24 weeks could not be assessed.

The risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior was generally consistent among drugs in the data analyzed. The finding of increased risk with AEDs of varying mechanisms of action and across a range of indications suggests that the risk applies to all AEDs used for any indication. The risk did not vary substantially by age (5 to 100 years) in the clinical trials analyzed.

Table 1 shows absolute and relative risk by indication for all evaluated AEDs.

Table 1 Risk by Indication for Antiepileptic Drugs in the Pooled Analysis

Indication

Placebo Patients with Events Per 1000 Patients

Drug Patients with Events Per 1000 Patients

Relative Risk: Incidence of Events in Drug Patients/Incidence in Placebo Patients

Risk Difference: Additional Drug Patients with Events per 1000 Patients

Epilepsy

Psychiatric

Other

Total
1.0

5.7

1.0

2.4
3.4

8.5

1.8

4.3
3.5

1.5

1.9

1.8
2.4

2.9

0.9

1.9

The relative risk for suicidal thoughts or behavior was higher in clinical trials for epilepsy than in clinical trials for psychiatric or other conditions, but the absolute risk differences were similar for the epilepsy and psychiatric indications. 

Anyone considering prescribing clonazepam or any other AED must balance the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior with the risk of untreated illness. Epilepsy and many other illnesses for which AEDs are prescribed are themselves associated with morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Should suicidal thoughts and behavior emerge during treatment, the prescriber needs to consider whether the emergence of these symptoms in any given patient may be related to the illness being treated.

Patients, their caregivers, and families should be informed that AEDs increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of the signs and symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, behavior, or thoughts about self-harm. Behaviors of concern should be reported immediately to healthcare providers.

Pregnancy Risks


Data from several sources raise concerns about the use of clonazepam during pregnancy.


In three studies in which clonazepam was administered orally to pregnant rabbits at doses of 0.2, 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg/day (low dose approximately 0.2 times the maximum recommended human dose of 20 mg/day for seizure disorders and equivalent to the maximum dose of 4 mg/day for panic disorder, on a mg/m2 basis) during the period of organogenesis, a similar pattern of malformations (cleft palate, open eyelid, fused sternebrae and limb defects) was observed in a low, non-dose-related incidence in exposed litters from all dosage groups. Reductions in maternal weight gain occurred at dosages of 5 mg/kg/day or greater and reduction in embryo-fetal growth occurred in one study at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. No adverse maternal or embryo-fetal effects were observed in mice and rats following administration during organogenesis of oral doses up to 15 mg/kg/day or 40 mg/kg/day, respectively (4 and 20 times the maximum recommended human dose of 20 mg/day for seizure disorders and 20 and 100 times the maximum dose of 4 mg/day for panic disorder, respectively, on a mg/m2 basis).


Recent reports suggest an association between the use of anticonvulsant drugs by women with epilepsy and an elevated incidence of birth defects in children born to these women. Data are more extensive with respect to diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, but these are also the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsants; less systematic or anecdotal reports suggest a possible similar association with the use of all known anticonvulsant drugs.

In children of women treated with drugs for epilepsy, reports suggesting an elevated incidence of birth defects cannot be regarded as adequate to prove a definite cause and effect relationship. There are intrinsic methodologic problems in obtaining adequate data on drug teratogenicity in humans; the possibility also exists that other factors (e.g., genetic factors or the epileptic condition itself) may be more important than drug therapy in leading to birth defects. The great majority of mothers on anticonvulsant medication deliver normal infants. It is important to note that anticonvulsant drugs should not be discontinued in patients in whom the drug is administered to prevent seizures because of the strong possibility of precipitating status epilepticus with attendant hypoxia and threat to life. In individual cases where the severity and frequency of the seizure disorder are such that the removal of medication does not pose a serious threat to the patient, discontinuation of the drug may be considered prior to and during pregnancy; however, it cannot be said with any confidence that even mild seizures do not pose some hazards to the developing embryo or fetus.


An increased risk of congenital malformations associated with the use of benzodiazepine drugs has been suggested in several studies.

There may also be non-teratogenic risks associated with the use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy. There have been reports of neonatal flaccidity, respiratory and feeding difficulties, and hypothermia in children born to mothers who have been receiving benzodiazepines late in pregnancy. In addition, children born to mothers receiving benzodiazepines late in pregnancy may be at some risk of experiencing withdrawal symptoms during the postnatal period.


In general, the use of clonazepam in women of childbearing potential, and more specifically during known pregnancy, should be considered only when the clinical situation warrants the risk to the fetus.

The specific considerations addressed above regarding the use of anticonvulsants for epilepsy in women of childbearing potential should be weighed in treating or counseling these women.

Because of experience with other members of the benzodiazepine class, clonazepam is assumed to be capable of causing an increased risk of congenital abnormalities when administered to a pregnant woman during the first trimester. Because use of these drugs is rarely a matter of urgency in the treatment of panic disorder, their use during the first trimester should almost always be avoided. The possibility that a woman of childbearing potential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Patients should also be advised that if they become pregnant during therapy or intend to become pregnant, they should communicate with their physician about the desirability of discontinuing the drug.

Precautions


General


When used in patients in whom several different types of seizure disorders coexist, clonazepam may increase the incidence or precipitate the onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal). This may require the addition of appropriate anticonvulsants or an increase in their dosages. The concomitant use of valproic acid and clonazepam may produce absence status.


Periodic blood counts and liver function tests are advisable during long-term therapy with clonazepam.


Metabolites of clonazepam are excreted by the kidneys; to avoid their excess accumulation, caution should be exercised in the administration of the drug to patients with impaired renal function.


Clonazepam may produce an increase in salivation. This should be considered before giving the drug to patients who have difficulty handling secretions.


Clonazepam should be used with caution in patients with compromised respiratory function.


Clonazepam may have a porphyrogenic effect and should be used with care in patients with porphyria.

Information for Patients


A clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets medication guide must be given to the patient each time clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets are dispensed, as required by law. Patients should be instructed to take clonazepam only as prescribed. Physicians are advised to discuss the following issues with patients for whom they prescribe clonazepam:


Inform patients and caregivers that potentially fatal additive effects may occur if clonazepam is used with opioids and not to use such drugs concomitantly unless supervised by a health care provider (see  WARNINGS: Risks from Concomitant Use With Opioids and PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions ).


Inform patients that the use of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets, even at recommended dosages, exposes users to risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death, especially when used in combination with other medications (e.g., opioid analgesics), alcohol, and/or illicit substances. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of benzodiazepine abuse, misuse, and addiction; to seek medical help if they develop these signs and/or symptoms; and on the proper disposal of unused drug (see  WARNINGS: Abuse, Misuse , and Addiction  and  DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE ).


 Inform patients that the continued use of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may lead to clinically significant physical dependence and that abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life threatening. Inform patients that in some cases, patients taking benzodiazepines have developed a protracted withdrawal syndrome with withdrawal symptoms lasting weeks to more than 12 months. Instruct patients that discontinuation or dosage reduction of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may require a slow taper (see WARNINGS: Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions  and  DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE ).


Contains Phenylalanine 2.4 mg per tablet.


Because benzodiazepines have the potential to impair judgment, thinking or motor skills, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that clonazepam therapy does not affect them adversely.


Patients, their caregivers, and families should be counseled that AEDs, including clonazepam, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, behavior, or thoughts about self-harm. Behaviors of concern should be reported immediately to healthcare providers.


Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy with clonazepam (see WARNINGS: Pregnancy Risks ). Patients should be encouraged to enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry if they become pregnant. This registry is collecting information about the safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. To enroll, patients can call the toll free number 1-888-233-2334 (see PRECAUTIONS: Pregnancy ).


Patients should be advised not to breastfeed an infant if they are taking clonazepam.


Patients should be advised to inform their physicians if they are taking, or plan to take, any prescription or over-the-counter drugs, since there is a potential for interactions.


Patients should be advised to avoid alcohol while taking clonazepam.

Drug Interactions



The concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids increases the risk of respiratory depression because of actions at different receptor sites in the CNS that control respiration. Benzodiazepines interact at GABAA sites, and opioids interact primarily at mu receptors. When benzodiazepines and opioids are combined, the potential for benzodiazepines to significantly worsen opioid-related respiratory depression exists. Limit dosage and duration of concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids, and follow patients closely for respiratory depression and sedation.


Clonazepam does not appear to alter the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, carbamazepine or phenobarbital. The effect of clonazepam on the metabolism of other drugs has not been investigated.


Literature reports suggest that ranitidine, an agent that decreases stomach acidity, does not greatly alter clonazepam pharmacokinetics.

In a study in which the 2 mg clonazepam orally disintegrating tablet was administered with and without propantheline (an anticholinergic agent with multiple effects on the GI tract) to healthy volunteers, the AUC of clonazepam was 10% lower and the Cmax of clonazepam was 20% lower when the orally disintegrating tablet was given with propantheline compared to when it was given alone.

Fluoxetine does not affect the pharmacokinetics of clonazepam. Cytochrome P-450 inducers, such as phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital, induce clonazepam metabolism, causing an approximately 30% decrease in plasma clonazepam levels. Although clinical studies have not been performed, based on the involvement of the cytochrome P-450 3A family in clonazepam metabolism, inhibitors of this enzyme system, notably oral antifungal agents, should be used cautiously in patients receiving clonazepam.


The CNS-depressant action of the benzodiazepine class of drugs may be potentiated by alcohol, narcotics, barbiturates, nonbarbiturate hypnotics, antianxiety agents, the phenothiazines, thioxanthene and butyrophenone classes of antipsychotic agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the tricyclic antidepressants, and by other anticonvulsant drugs.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility


Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with clonazepam.

The data currently available are not sufficient to determine the genotoxic potential of clonazepam.

In a two-generation fertility study in which clonazepam was given orally to rats at 10 and 100 mg/kg/day (low dose approximately 5 times and 24 times the maximum recommended human dose of 20 mg/day for seizure disorder and 4 mg/day for panic disorder, respectively, on a mg/m2 basis), there was a decrease in the number of pregnancies and in the number of offspring surviving until weaning.

Pregnancy



Pregnancy Category D

(see WARNINGS: Pregnancy Risks ).

To provide information regarding the effects of in utero exposure to clonazepam, physicians are advised to recommend that pregnant patients taking clonazepam enroll in the NAAED Pregnancy Registry. This can be done by calling the toll free number 1-888-233-2334, and must be done by patients themselves. Information on this registry can also be found at the website http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/.

Labor and Delivery


The effect of clonazepam on labor and delivery in humans has not been specifically studied; however, perinatal complications have been reported in children born to mothers who have been receiving benzodiazepines late in pregnancy, including findings suggestive of either excess benzodiazepine exposure or of withdrawal phenomena (see  WARNINGS: Pregnancy Risks ).

Nursing Mothers


Mothers receiving clonazepam should not breastfeed their infants.

Pediatric Use


Because of the possibility that adverse effects on physical or mental development could become apparent only after many years, a benefit-risk consideration of the long-term use of clonazepam is important in pediatric patients being treated for seizure disorder (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients with panic disorder below the age of 18 have not been established.

Geriatric Use


Clinical studies of clonazepam did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Because clonazepam undergoes hepatic metabolism, it is possible that liver disease will impair clonazepam elimination. Metabolites of clonazepam are excreted by the kidneys; to avoid their excess accumulation, caution should be exercised in the administration of the drug to patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased hepatic and/or renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to assess hepatic and/or renal function at the time of dose selection.

Sedating drugs may cause confusion and over-sedation in the elderly; elderly patients generally should be started on low doses of clonazepam and observed closely.

Adverse Reactions


The adverse experiences for clonazepam are provided separately for patients with seizure disorders and with panic disorder.

Seizure Disorders


The most frequently occurring side effects of clonazepam are referable to CNS depression. Experience in treatment of seizures has shown that drowsiness has occurred in approximately 50% of patients and ataxia in approximately 30%. In some cases, these may diminish with time; behavior problems have been noted in approximately 25% of patients. Others, uled by system, including those identified during postapproval use of clonazepam are:

Cardiovascular: Palpitations

Dermatologic: Hair loss, hirsutism, skin rash, ankle and facial edema

Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, coated tongue, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, encopresis, gastritis, increased appetite, nausea, sore gums

Genitourinary: Dysuria, enuresis, nocturia, urinary retention

Hematopoietic: Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia

Hepatic: Hepatomegaly, transient elevations of serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase

Musculoskeletal: Muscle weakness, pains

Miscellaneous: Dehydration, general deterioration, fever, lymphadenopathy, weight loss or gain

Neurologic: Abnormal eye movements, aphonia, choreiform movements, coma, diplopia, dysarthria, dysdiadochokinesis, “glassy-eyed” appearance, headache, hemiparesis, hypotonia, nystagmus, respiratory depression, slurred speech, tremor, vertigo

Psychiatric: Confusion, depression, amnesia, hallucinations, hysteria, increased libido, insomnia, psychosis (the behavior effects are more likely to occur in patients with a history of psychiatric disturbances). The following paradoxical reactions have been observed: excitability, irritability, aggressive behavior, agitation, nervousness, hostility, anxiety, sleep disturbances, nightmares and vivid dreams

Respiratory: Chest congestion, rhinorrhea, shortness of breath, hypersecretion in upper respiratory passages

Panic Disorder


Adverse events during exposure to clonazepam were obtained by spontaneous report and recorded by clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. Consequently, it is not possible to provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals experiencing adverse events without first grouping similar types of events into a smaller number of standardized event categories. In the tables and tabulations that follow, CIGY dictionary terminology has been used to classify reported adverse events, except in certain cases in which redundant terms were collapsed into more meaningful terms, as noted below.

The stated frequencies of adverse events represent the proportion of individuals who experienced, at least once, a treatment-emergent adverse event of the type uled. An event was considered treatment-emergent if it occurred for the first time or worsened while receiving therapy following baseline evaluation.

Adverse Findings Observed in Short-Term, Placebo-Controlled Trials



Overall, the incidence of discontinuation due to adverse events was 17% in clonazepam compared to 9% for placebo in the combined data of two 6- to 9-week trials. The most common events (≥1%) associated with discontinuation and a dropout rate twice or greater for clonazepam than that of placebo included the following:

Table 2 Most Common Adverse Events (≥1%) Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment

 Adverse Event

Clonazepam  (N=574)

Placebo  (N=294)

Somnolence
7%
1%

Depression
4%
1%

Dizziness
1%
<1%

Nervousness
1%
0%

Ataxia
1%
0%

Intellectual Ability Reduced
1%
0%


Table 3 enumerates the incidence, rounded to the nearest percent, of treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred during acute therapy of panic disorder from a pool of two 6- to 9-week trials. Events reported in 1% or more of patients treated with clonazepam (doses ranging from 0.5 to 4 mg/day) and for which the incidence was greater than that in placebo-treated patients are included.

The prescriber should be aware that the figures in Table 3 cannot be used to predict the incidence of side effects in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors differ from those that prevailed in the clinical trials. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses and investigators. The cited figures, however, do provide the prescribing physician with some basis for estimating the relative contribution of drug and nondrug factors to the side effect incidence in the population studied.

Table 3 Treatment-Emergent Adverse Event Incidence in 6- to 9-Week Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials Events reported by at least 1% of patients treated with clonazepam and for which the incidence was greater than that for placebo.

Clonazepam Maximum Daily Dose

Adverse Event

by Body System

<1 mg

n=96

%

1 to <2 mg

n=129

%

2 to <3 mg

n=113

%

≥3 mg

n=235

%

All

Clonazepam

Groups

N=574

%

 Placebo

N=294

%

Central & Peripheral Nervous System

SomnolenceIndicates that the p-value for the dose-trend test (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel) for adverse event incidence was ≤0.10.

26
35
50
36
37
10

Dizziness
5
5
12
8
8
4

Coordination Abnormal

1
2
7
9
6
0

Ataxia

2
1
8
8
5
0

Dysarthria

0
0
4
3
2
0

Psychiatric

Depression
7
6
8
8
7
1

Memory Disturbance
2
5
2
5
4
2

Nervousness
1
4
3
4
3
2

Intellectual Ability Reduced
0
2
4
3
2
0

Emotional Lability
0
1
2
2
1
1

Libido Decreased
0
1
3
1
1
0

Confusion
0
2
2
1
1
0

Respiratory System

Upper Respiratory Tract

Infection

10
10
7
6
8
4

Sinusitis
4
2
8
4
4
3

Rhinitis
3
2
4
2
2
1

Coughing
2
2
4
0
2
0

Pharyngitis
1
1
3
2
2
1

Bronchitis
1
0
2
2
1
1

Gastrointestinal System

Constipation

0
1
5
3
2
2

Appetite Decreased
1
1
0
3
1
1

Abdominal Pain

2
2
2
0
1
1

Body as a Whole

Fatigue
9
6
7
7
7
4

Allergic Reaction
3
1
4
2
2
1

Musculoskeletal

Myalgia
2
1
4
0
1
1

Resistance Mechanism Disorders

Influenza

3
2
5
5
4
3

Urinary System

Micturition Frequency
1
2
2
1
1
0

Urinary Tract Infection

0
0
2
2
1
0

Vision Disorders

Blurred Vision
1
2
3
0
1
1

Reproductive DisordersDenominators for events in gender-specific systems are: n=240 (clonazepam), 102 (placebo) for male, and 334 (clonazepam), 192 (placebo) for female.

Female

Dysmenorrhea
0
6
5
2
3
2

Colpitis
4
0
2
1
1
1

Male

Ejaculation Delayed
0
0
2
2
1
0

Impotence
3
0
2
1
1
0


Table 4 Incidence of Most Commonly Observed Adverse Events Treatment-emergent events for which the incidence in the clonazepam patients was ≥5% and at least twice that in the placebo patients. in Acute Therapy in Pool of 6- to 9-Week Trials

Adverse Event

(Preferred Term)

Clonazepam

(N=574)

Placebo

(N=294)

Somnolence
37%
10%

Depression
7%
1%

Coordination Abnormal
6%
0%

Ataxia
5%
0%


In the pool of two short-term placebo-controlled trials, adverse events classified under the preferred term “depression” were reported in 7% of clonazepam-treated patients compared to 1% of placebo-treated patients, without any clear pattern of dose relatedness. In these same trials, adverse events classified under the preferred term “depression” were reported as leading to discontinuation in 4% of clonazepam-treated patients compared to 1% of placebo-treated patients. While these findings are noteworthy, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) data collected in these trials revealed a larger decline in HAM-D scores in the clonazepam group than the placebo group suggesting that clonazepam-treated patients were not experiencing a worsening or emergence of clinical depression.


Following is a ul of modified CIGY terms that reflect treatment-emergent adverse events reported by patients treated with clonazepam at multiple doses during clinical trials. All reported events are included except those already uled in Table 3 or elsewhere in labeling, those events for which a drug cause was remote, those event terms which were so general as to be uninformative, and events reported only once and which did not have a substantial probability of being acutely life-threatening. It is important to emphasize that, although the events occurred during treatment with clonazepam, they were not necessarily caused by it.

Events are further categorized by body system and uled in order of decreasing frequency. These adverse events were reported infrequently, which is defined as occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients.

Body as a Whole: weight increase, accident, weight decrease, wound, edema, fever, shivering, abrasions, ankle edema, edema foot, edema periorbital, injury, malaise, pain, cellulitis, inflammation localized

Cardiovascular Disorders: chest pain, hypotension postural

Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders: migraine, paresthesia, drunkenness, feeling of enuresis, paresis, tremor, burning skin, falling, head fullness, hoarseness, hyperactivity, hypoesthesia, tongue thick, twitching

Gastrointestinal System Disorders: abdominal discomfort, gastrointestinal inflammation, stomach upset, toothache, flatulence, pyrosis, saliva increased, tooth disorder, bowel movements frequent, pain pelvic, dyspepsia, hemorrhoids

Hearing and Vestibular Disorders: vertigo, otitis, earache, motion sickness

Heart Rate and Rhythm Disorders: palpitation

Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders: thirst, gout

Musculoskeletal System Disorders: back pain, fracture traumatic, sprains and strains, pain leg, pain nape, cramps muscle, cramps leg, pain ankle, pain shoulder, tendinitis, arthralgia, hypertonia, lumbago, pain feet, pain jaw, pain knee, swelling knee

Platelet, Bleeding and Clotting Disorders: bleeding dermal

Psychiatric Disorders: insomnia, organic disinhibition, anxiety, depersonalization, dreaming excessive, libido loss, appetite increased, libido increased, reactions decreased, aggressive reaction, apathy, attention lack, exclient, feeling mad, hunger abnormal, illusion, nightmares, sleep disorder, suicide ideation, yawning

Reproductive Disorders, Female: breast pain, menstrual irregularity

Reproductive Disorders, Male: ejaculation decreased

Resistance Mechanism Disorders: infection mycotic, infection viral, infection streptococcal, herpes simplex infection, infectious mononucleosis, moniliasis

Respiratory System Disorders: sneezing excessive, asthmatic attack, dyspnea, nosebleed, pneumonia, pleurisy

Skin and Appendages Disorders: acne flare, alopecia, xeroderma, dermatitis contact, flushing, pruritus, pustular reaction, skin burns, skin disorder

Special Senses Other, Disorders: taste loss

Urinary System Disorders: dysuria, cystitis, polyuria, urinary incontinence, bladder dysfunction, urinary retention, urinary tract bleeding, urine discoloration

Vascular (Extracardiac) Disorders: thrombophlebitis leg

Vision Disorders: eye irritation, visual disturbance, diplopia, eye twitching, styes, visual field defect, xerophthalmia

Drug Abuse And Dependence


Controlled Substance


Clonazepam is a Schedule IV controlled substance.

Abuse:


Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets is a benzodiazepine and a CNS depressant with a potential for abuse and addiction. Abuse is the intentional, non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, for its desirable psychological or physiological effects. Misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a health care provider or for whom it was not prescribed. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Even taking benzodiazepines as prescribed may put patients at risk for abuse and misuse of their medication. Abuse and misuse may lead to addiction.

Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death. Benzodiazepines are often sought by individuals who abuse drugs and other substances, and by individuals with addictive disorders (see WARNINGS: Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction ).

The following adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: abdominal pain, amnesia, anorexia, anxiety, aggression, ataxia, blurred vision, confusion, depression, disinhibition, disorientation, dizziness, euphoria, impaired concentration and memory, indigestion, irritability, muscle pain, slurred speech, tremors, and vertigo.

The following severe adverse reactions have occurred with benzodiazepine abuse and/or misuse: delirium, paranoia, suicidal ideation and behavior, seizures, coma, breathing difficulty, and death. Death is more often associated with polysubstance use (especially benzodiazepines with other CNS depressants such as opioids and alcohol).

Dependence



Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may produce physical dependence from continued therapy. Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of benzodiazepines or administration of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, including seizures, which can be life-threatening. Patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages (i.e., higher and/or more frequent doses) and those who have had longer durations of use (see WARNINGS: Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions ).

To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets or reduce the dosage (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Discontinuation or Dosage Reduction of Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets  and  WARNINGS: Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions ).

Acute Withdrawal Signs and Symptoms

Acute withdrawal signs and symptoms associated with benzodiazepines have included abnormal involuntary movements, anxiety, blurred vision, depersonalization, depression, derealization, dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal adverse reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, decreased appetite), headache, hyperacusis, hypertension, irritability, insomnia, memory impairment, muscle pain and stiffness, panic attacks, photophobia, restlessness, tachycardia, and tremor. More severe acute withdrawal signs and symptoms, including life-threatening reactions, have included catatonia, convulsions, delirium tremens, depression, hallucinations mania, psychosis, seizures and suicidality.

Protracted Withdrawal Syndrome

Protracted withdrawal syndrome associated with benzodiazepines is characterized by anxiety, cognitive impairment, depression, insomnia, formication, motor symptoms (e.g., weakness, tremor, muscle twitches), paresthesia, and tinnitus that persists beyond 4 to 6 weeks after initial benzodiazepine withdrawal. Protracted withdrawal symptoms may last weeks to more than 12 months. As a result, there may be difficulty in differentiating withdrawal symptoms from potential re-emergence or continuation of symptoms for which the benzodiazepine was being used.

Tolerance


Tolerance to clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may develop from continued therapy. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose). Tolerance to the therapeutic effect of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may develop; however, little tolerance develops to the amnestic reactions and other cognitive impairments caused by benzodiazepines.

Following the short-term treatment of patients with panic disorder in Studies 1 and 2 (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials ), patients were gradually withdrawn during a 7-week downward-titration (discontinuance) period. Overall, the discontinuance period was associated with good tolerability and a very modest clinical deterioration, without evidence of a significant rebound phenomenon. However, there are not sufficient data from adequate and well-controlled long-term clonazepam studies in patients with panic disorder to accurately estimate the risks of withdrawal symptoms and dependence that may be associated with such use.

Overdosage


Human Experience


Symptoms of clonazepam overdosage, like those produced by other CNS depressants, include somnolence, confusion, coma and diminished reflexes.

Overdose Management


Treatment includes monitoring of respiration, pulse and blood pressure, general supportive measures and immediate gastric lavage. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of levarterenol or metaraminol. Dialysis is of no known value.

Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine-receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airway, ventilation and intravenous access. Flumazenil is intended as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose. Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored for resedation, respiratory depression and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment. The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long-term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdose. The complete flumazenil package insert, including CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS  and PRECAUTIONS , should be consulted prior to use.

Flumazenil is not indicated in patients with epilepsy who have been treated with benzodiazepines. Antagonism of the benzodiazepine effect in such patients may provoke seizures.

Serious sequelae are rare unless other drugs or alcohol have been taken concomitantly.

Dosage And Administration


Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets should be administered as follows: Peel back the foil on the buler. Do not push tablet through foil. Immediately upon opening the buler, using dry hands, remove the tablet and place it in the mouth. Tablet disintegration occurs rapidly in saliva so it can be easily swallowed with or without water.

Seizure Disorders


The initial dose for adults with seizure disorders should not exceed 1.5 mg/day divided into three doses. Dosage may be increased in increments of 0.5 to 1 mg every 3 days until seizures are adequately controlled or until side effects preclude any further increase. Maintenance dosage must be individualized for each patient depending upon response. Maximum recommended daily dose is 20 mg.

The use of multiple anticonvulsants may result in an increase of depressant adverse effects. This should be considered before adding clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets to an existing anticonvulsant regimen.


Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets are administered orally. In order to minimize drowsiness, the initial dose for infants and children (up to 10 years of age or 30 kg of body weight) should be between 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg/day but not to exceed 0.05 mg/kg/day given in two or three divided doses. Dosage should be increased by no more than 0.25 to 0.5 mg every third day until a daily maintenance dose of 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg of body weight has been reached, unless seizures are controlled or side effects preclude further increase. Whenever possible, the daily dose should be divided into three equal doses. If doses are not equally divided, the largest dose should be given before retiring.


There is no clinical trial experience with clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets in seizure disorder patients 65 years of age and older. In general, elderly patients should be started on low doses of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets and observed closely (see PRECAUTIONS:  Geriatric Use ).

Panic Disorder



The initial dose for adults with panic disorder is 0.25 mg twice daily. An increase to the target dose for most patients of 1 mg/day may be made after 3 days. The recommended dose of 1 mg/day is based on the results from a fixed dose study in which the optimal effect was seen at 1 mg/day. Higher doses of 2, 3 and 4 mg/day in that study were less effective than the 1 mg/day dose and were associated with more adverse effects. Nevertheless, it is possible that some individual patients may benefit from doses of up to a maximum dose of 4 mg/day, and in those instances, the dose may be increased in increments of 0.125 to 0.25 mg bid every 3 days until panic disorder is controlled or until side effects make further increases undesired. To reduce the inconvenience of somnolence, administration of one dose at bedtime may be desirable.

Treatment should be discontinued gradually, with a decrease of 0.125 mg bid every 3 days, until the drug is completely withdrawn.

There is no body of evidence available to answer the question of how long the patient treated with clonazepam should remain on it. Therefore, the physician who elects to use clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.


There is no clinical trial experience with clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets in panic disorder patients under 18 years of age.


There is no clinical trial experience with clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets in panic disorder patients 65 years of age and older. In general, elderly patients should be started on low doses of clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets and observed closely (see PRECAUTIONS: Geriatric Use ).


To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, increased seizure frequency, and status epilepticus, use a gradual taper to discontinue clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets or reduce the dosage. If a patient develops withdrawal reactions, consider pausing the taper or increasing the dosage to the previous tapered dosage level. Subsequently decrease the dosage more slowly (see WARNINGS: Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions  and  DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Dependence ).

How Supplied


Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating Tablets USP are available as:

0.125 mg: White to off-white, round, flat-faced, beveled-edge, unscored tablet. Debossed with stylized b over 94 on one side and 1/8 on the other side. Available in cartons of 60 bulered tablets (10 buler cards containing 6 bulers each) (NDC 0555-0094-96).

0.25 mg: White to off-white, round, flat-faced, beveled-edge, unscored tablet. Debossed with stylized b over 95 on one side and 1/4 on the other side. Available in cartons of 60 bulered tablets (10 buler cards containing 6 bulers each) (NDC 0555-0095-96).

0.5 mg: White to off-white, round, flat-faced, beveled-edge, unscored tablet. Debossed with stylized b over 96 on one side and 1/2 on the other side. Available in cartons of 60 bulered tablets (10 buler cards containing 6 bulers each) (NDC 0555-0096-96).

1 mg: White to off-white, round, flat-faced, beveled-edge, unscored tablet. Debossed with stylized b over 97 on one side and 1 on the other side. Available in cartons of 60 bulered tablets (10 buler cards containing 6 bulers each) (NDC 0555-0097-96).

2 mg: White to off-white, round, flat-faced, beveled-edge, unscored tablet. Debossed with stylized b over 98 on one side and 2 on the other side. Available in cartons of 60 bulered tablets (10 buler cards containing 6 bulers each) (NDC 0555-0098-96).

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].

KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.

Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. North Wales, PA 19454

Rev. H 1/2021

Spl Medguide Section


MEDICATION GUIDE

Clonazepam (kloe naz e pam) Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT), C-IV

What is the most important information I should know about clonazepam ODT?
  • Clonazepam ODT is a benzodiazepine medicine. Taking benzodiazepines with opioid medicines, alcohol, or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (including street drugs) can cause severe drowsiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression), coma, and death. Get emergency help right away if any of the following happens:
  • shallow or slowed breathing
  • breathing stops (which may lead to the heart stopping)
  • excessive sleepiness (sedation)

Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how taking clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets with opioids affects you.
  • Risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction. There is a risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction with benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablet which can lead to overdose and serious side effects including coma and death.
  • Serious side effects including coma and death have happened in people who have abused or misused benzodiazepines, including clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets. These serious side effects may also include delirium, paranoia, suicidal thoughts or actions, seizures, and difficulty breathing. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you get any of these serious side effects.
  • You can develop an addiction even if you take clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
  • Take clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets exactly as your healthcare provider prescribed.
  • Do not share your clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets with other people.
  • Keep clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets in a safe place and away from children.
  • Physical dependence and withdrawal reactions. Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets can cause physical dependence and withdrawal reactions, especially if you continue to take clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets for several days to several weeks.
  • Do not suddenly stop taking clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets.

Stopping clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets suddenly can cause serious and life-threatening side effects, including, unusual movements, responses, or expressions, seizures, sudden and severe mental or nervous system changes, depression, seeing or hearing things that others do not see or hear, an extreme increase in activity or talking, losing touch with reality, and suicidal thoughts or actions. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you get any of these symptoms.
  • Some people who suddenly stop benzodiazepines have symptoms that can last for several weeks to more than 12 months, including, anxiety, trouble remembering, learning, or concentrating, depression, problems sleeping, feeling like insects are crawling under your skin, weakness, shaking.
  • Physical dependence is not the same as drug addiction. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about the differences between physical dependence and drug addiction.
  • Do not take more clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets than prescribed or take clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets for longer than prescribed.
  • Clonazepam ODT can make you sleepy or dizzy and can slow your thinking and motor skills. This may get better over time.
  • Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how clonazepam ODT affects you.
  • Clonazepam ODT may cause problems with your coordination, especially when you are walking or picking things up.
  • Do not drink alcohol or take other drugs that may make you sleepy or dizzy while taking clonazepam ODT until you talk to your healthcare provider. When taken with alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or dizziness, clonazepam ODT may make your sleepiness or dizziness worse.
  • Like other antiepileptic medicines, clonazepam ODT may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500.

Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you:
  • thoughts about suicide or dying
  • attempts to commit suicide
  • new or worse depression
  • new or worse anxiety
  • feeling agitated or restless
  • panic attacks
  • trouble sleeping (insomnia)
  • new or worse irritability
  • acting aggressive, being angry, or violent
  • acting on dangerous impulses
  • an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania)
  • other unusual changes in behavior or mood

How can I watch for early symptoms of suicidal thoughts and actions?
  • Pay attention to any changes, especially sudden changes, in mood, behaviors, thoughts, or feelings.
  • Keep all follow-up visits with your healthcare provider as scheduled.

Call your healthcare provider between visits as needed, especially if you are worried about symptoms.

Suicidal thoughts or actions can be caused by things other than medicines. If you have suicidal thoughts or actions, your healthcare provider may check for other causes.
  • Do not stop clonazepam ODT without first talking to a healthcare provider.
  • Stopping clonazepam ODT suddenly can cause serious problems. Stopping clonazepam ODT suddenly can cause seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus).
  • Clonazepam ODT may harm your unborn or developing baby.
  • If you take clonazepam ODT during pregnancy, your baby is at risk for serious birth defects. These defects can happen as early as in the first month of pregnancy, even before you know you are pregnant. Birth defects may occur even in children born to women who are not taking any medicines and do not have other risk factors.
  • Children born to mothers receiving benzodiazepine medications (including clonazepam ODT) late in pregnancy may be at some risk of experiencing breathing problems, feeding problems, hypothermia, and withdrawal symptoms.
  • Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant while taking clonazepam ODT. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will take clonazepam ODT while you are pregnant.
  • If you become pregnant while taking clonazepam ODT, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry. You can register by calling 1-888-233-2334. The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy.
  • Clonazepam ODT can pass into breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you take clonazepam ODT. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will take clonazepam ODT or breast feed. You should not do both

What is clonazepam ODT?

Clonazepam ODT is a prescription medicine used alone or with other medicines to treat:
  • certain types of seizure disorders (epilepsy) in adults and children
  • panic disorder with or without fear of open spaces (agoraphobia) in adults

Clonazepam orally disintegrating tablet is a federally controlled substance (C-IV) because if contains clonazepam that can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away clonazepam orally disintegrating tablets may harm others, and is against the law. Tell your healthcare provider if you have ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs.

It is not known if clonazepam ODT is safe or effective in treating panic disorder in children younger than 18 years old.

Do not take clonazepam ODT if you:
  • are allergic to benzodiazepines
  • have significant liver disease
  • have an eye disease called acute narrow angle glaucoma

Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure if you have any of the problems uled above.

Before you take clonazepam ODT, tell your healthcare provider about all your medical conditions, including if you:
  • have liver or kidney problems
  • have lung problems (respiratory disease)
  • have or have had depression, mood problems, or suicidal thoughts or behavior

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Taking clonazepam ODT with certain other medicines can cause side effects or affect how well clonazepam ODT or the other medicines work. Do not start or stop other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider.

How should I take clonazepam ODT?
  • Take clonazepam ODT exactly as your healthcare provider tells you. Clonazepam is available as a tablet or as an orally disintegrating tablet.
  • Do not stop taking clonazepam ODT without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping clonazepam ODT suddenly can cause serious problems.
  • Clonazepam ODT can be taken with or without water.
  • Do not open the pouch until you are ready to take clonazepam ODT.
  • After opening the pouch, peel back the foil on the buler pack.
  • Do not push the wafer through the foil.
  • After opening the buler pack, with dry hands, take the wafer and place it in your mouth.
  • The wafer will melt quickly.
  • If you take too much clonazepam ODT, call your healthcare provider or local Poison Control Center right away.

What should I avoid while taking clonazepam ODT?
  • Clonazepam ODT can slow your thinking and motor skills. Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how clonazepam ODT affects you.
  • Do not drink alcohol or take other medicines that may make you sleepy or dizzy while taking clonazepam ODT until you talk to your healthcare provider. When taken with alcohol or medicines that cause sleepiness or dizziness, clonazepam ODT may make your sleepiness or dizziness much worse.

What are the possible side effects of clonazepam ODT?

See “What is the most important information I should know about clonazepam ODT?”

Clonazepam ODT can also make your seizures happen more often or make them worse. Call your healthcare provider right away if your seizures get worse while taking clonazepam ODT.

The most common side effects of clonazepam ODT include:
  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • problems with walking and coordination
  • depression
  • problems with memory

These are not all the possible side effects of clonazepam ODT. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects to Teva at 1-866-832-8537.

How should I store clonazepam ODT?
  • Store clonazepam ODT between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
  • Keep clonazepam ODT and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about the safe and effective use of clonazepam ODT.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those uled in a Medication Guide. Do not use clonazepam ODT for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give clonazepam ODT to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them.

You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about clonazepam ODT that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in clonazepam ODT?

Active ingredient: clonazepam

Inactive ingredients: aspartame powder, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium stearyl fumarate, strawberry flavor and xylitol.

Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. North Wales, PA 19454

For more information, go to www.tevagenerics.com or call 1-888-838-2872.

This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.                        Rev. H 1/2021

Package/label Display Panel, Part 1 Of 2




Package/label Display Panel, Part 2 Of 2


Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating Tablets USP CIV 0.125 mg 60s Carton Text


NDC 0555-0094-96

CIV

Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating

Tablets USP 0.125 mg

Each tablet contains 0.125 mg clonazepam, USP.

Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine 2.4 mg per tablet.

Pharmacist: Dispense the enclosed Medication Guide to each patient. Dispense one “Instruction to the Patient Sheet” with eachprescription.

Rx only

60 TABLETS (10 buler cards of 6 tablets each)

TEVA

Package/label Display Panel, Part 1 Of 2


Package/label Display Panel, Part 2 Of 2


Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating Tablets USP CIV 0.25 mg 60s Carton Text


NDC 0555-0095-96

CIV

Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating

Tablets USP 0.25 mg

Each tablet contains 0.25 mg clonazepam, USP.

Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine 2.4 mg per tablet.

Pharmacist: Dispense the enclosed Medication Guide to each patient. Dispense one “Instruction to the Patient Sheet” with eachprescription.

Rx only

60 TABLETS (10 buler cards of 6 tablets each)

TEVA

Package/label Display Panel, Part 1 Of 2


Package/label Display Panel, Part 2 Of 2


Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating Tablets USP CIV 0.5 mg 60s Carton Text


NDC 0555-0096-96

CIV

Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating

Tablets USP 0.5 mg

Each tablet contains 0.5 mg clonazepam, USP.

Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine 2.4 mg per tablet.

Pharmacist: Dispense the enclosed Medication Guide to each patient. Dispense one “Instruction to the Patient Sheet” with eachprescription.

Rx only

60 TABLETS (10 buler cards of 6 tablets each)

TEVA

Package/label Display Panel, Part 1 Of 2


Package/label Display Panel, Part 2 Of 2


Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating Tablets USP CIV 1 mg 60s Carton Text


NDC 0555-0097-96

CIV

Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating

Tablets USP 1 mg

Each tablet contains 1 mg clonazepam, USP.

Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine 2.4 mg per tablet.

Pharmacist: Dispense the enclosed Medication Guide to eachpatient. Dispense one “Instruction to the Patient Sheet” with eachprescription.

Rx only

60 TABLETS (10 buler cards of 6 tablets each)

TEVA

Package/label Display Panel, Part 1 Of 2


Package/label Display Panel, Part 2 Of 2


Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating Tablets USP CIV 2 mg 60s Carton Text


NDC 0555-0098-96

CIV

Clonazepam Orally Disintegrating

Tablets USP 2 mg

Each tablet contains 2 mg clonazepam, USP.

Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine 2.4 mg per tablet.

Pharmacist: Dispense the enclosed Medication Guide to eachpatient. Dispense one “Instruction to the Patient Sheet” with eachprescription.

Rx only

60 TABLETS (10 buler cards of 6 tablets each)

TEVA

DISCLAIMER:

"This tool does not provide medical advice, and is for informational and educational purposes only, and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, treatment or diagnosis. Call your doctor to receive medical advice. If you think you may have a medical emergency, please dial 911."

"Do not rely on openFDA to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. We may limit or otherwise restrict your access to the API in line with our Terms of Service."

"This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."

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