Diclona Patch Dailymed

Diclona Patch

(Diclofenac Sodium 1.25%, Lidocaine 4.5%)

Rx only

Description

Diclona Patch (Diclofenac Sodium 1.25%, Lidocaine 4.5%) is a topical pain relief patch containing local arthritis reliever 1.25% Diclofenac Sodium and local anesthetic Lidocaine 4.5%.

Inactive Ingredients: Aloe Vera Gel, Arnica Extract, Boswellia Extract, Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate, Dimethyl Sulfone, Glycerol, Methylparaben, Polyacrylic Acid, Polysorbate 80, Pure Water, Sodium Polyacrylate, Sorbitol, Vitamin E.

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Lidocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic agent. The penetration of lidocaine into intact skin after application of Diclona Patch is sufficient to produce analgesic effect, but less than the amount necessary to produce a complete sensory block. The mechanism of action of diclofenac sodium in the treatment of actinic keratoses (AK) is unknown. The contribution to efficacy of individual components of the vehicle has not been established.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

The amount of lidocaine systemically absorbed from Diclona Patch is directly related to both the duration of application and the surface area over which it is applied. When Diclona Patch is applied topically, diclofenac sodium is absorbed into the epidermis. The systematic bioavailability after topical application of diclofenac sodium is lower than after oral dosing.

Distribution

At concentrations produced by application of Diclona Patch, approximately 70% of the lidocaine dose is reported to be bound to plasma proteins, primarily alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. At higher plasma concentrations (1 to 4 mcg/mL of free base), the plasma protein binding of lidocaine is concentration dependent. Diclofenac sodium binds tightly to serum albumin.

Metabolism

It is not known if Diclona Patch is metabolized in the skin. Metabolism of diclofenac sodium following topical administration is thought to be similar to that after oral administration. The small amounts of diclofenac sodium and its metabolites appearing in the plasma following topical administration makes the quantification of specific metabolites imprecise.

Excretion

Lidocaine and its metabolites are excreted by the kidneys. Less than 10% of lidocaine is excreted unchanged. The half-life of lidocaine elimination from the plasma following IV administration is 81 to 149 minutes (mean 107 ± 22 SD, n = 15). The systemic clearance is 0.33 to 0.90 L/min (mean 0.64 ± 2 max max 0.18 SD, n = 15). Diclofenac sodium and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine after oral dosing.

Indication And Usage

Diclona Patch is indicated for relief of pain associated with arthritis, backache, cramps, discomfort, neckache, soreness, sprains, strains. It should be applied only to intact skin. Sun avoidance is indicated during therapy.

Contraindications

Diclona Patch is contraindicated in patients with a known history of sensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type, or to any other component of the product. Diclona Patch is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to diclofenac sodium. Diclona Patch is contraindicated in patients in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Warnings

Medicines intended to be applied to the skin should not be swallowed.

Diclona Patch is flammable. Keep away from open flame.

You should never heat, microwave, or add the medicine to hot water.

Risk of Methemoglobinemia

Cases of methemoglobinemia have been reported in association with lidocaine use. Although all patients are at risk for methemoglobinemia, patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, infants under 6 months of age, and concurrent exposure to oxidizing agents or their metabolites are more susceptible to developing the condition. If lidocaine must be used in these patients, close monitoring for symptoms and signs of methemoglobinemia is recommended. Signs of methemoglobinemia may occur immediately or may be delayed some hours after exposure and are characterized by a cyanotic skin discoloration and/or abnormal coloration of the blood.

Methemoglobin levels may continue to rise; therefore, immediate treatment is required to avert more serious central nervous system and cardiovascular adverse effects, including seizures, coma, arrhythmias, and death.

Risk of Serious Cardiovascular Events

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use.

Fetal Toxicity

Avoid use of NSAIDs in pregnant women at about 30 weeks gestation and later. NSAIDs increase the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus at approximately this gestational age. Use of NSAIDs at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy may cause fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some case, neonatal renal impairment. If NSAID treatment is necessary between about 20 weeks and 30 weeks gestation, limit Diclona Patch use to the lowest effective dose and shortest duration possible.

Serious Skin Reactions

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)

Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) has been reported in patients taking NSAIDs such as Diclona Patch. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and/or facial swelling.

Heart Failure and Edema

The Coxib and traditional NSAID Triauls’ Collaboration meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials demonstrated an approximately two-fold increase in hospitalizations for heart failure in COX-2 selective-treated patients and nonselective NSAID-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. Avoid the use of Diclona Patch in patients with severe heart failure unless benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening heart failure. If Diclona Patch is used in patients with severe heart failure, monitor patients for signs of worsening heart failure.

Precautions

General

Diclona Patch should be used with caution in patients with active gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding and severe renal or hepatic impairments. Diclona Patch should not be applied to open skin wounds, infections, or exfoliative dermatitis.

Hepatic Disease

Patients with severe hepatic disease are at greater risk of developing toxic blood concentrations of lidocaine, because of their inability to metabolize lidocaine normally.

Allergic Reactions

Patients allergic to para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives (procaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, etc.) have not shown cross sensitivity to lidocaine. However, Diclona Patch should be used with caution in patients with a history of drug sensitivities, especially if the etiologic agent is uncertain.

Non-intact Skin

Application to broken or inflamed skin, although not tested, may result in higher blood concentrations of lidocaine from increased absorption. Diclona Patch is only recommended for use on intact skin.

External Heat Sources

Placement of external heat sources, such as heating pads or electric blankets, over Diclona Patch is not recommended as this has not been evaluated and may increase plasma lidocaine levels.

Eye Exposure

The contact of Diclona Patch with eyes, although not studied, should be avoided based on the findings of severe eye irritation with the use of similar products in animals. If eye contact occurs, immediately wash out the eye with water or saline and protect the eye until sensation returns.

Information for Patients Methemoglobinemia

Inform patients that use of local anesthetics may cause methemoglobinemia, a serious condition that must be treated promptly. Advise patients or caregivers to stop use and seek immediate medical attention if they or someone in their care experience the following signs or symptoms: pale, gray, or blue colored skin (cyanosis); headache; rapid heart rate; shortness of breath; lightheadedness; or fatigue.

Drug Interactions

Specific interaction studies between Diclona Patch and other topical or oral agents were not performed.

Oral Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Although low, there is systemic exposure to diclofenac sodium following labeled use of Diclona Patch. Therefore, concomitant administration of Diclona Patch with oral NSAIDs or aspirin may result in increased NSAID adverse effects.

Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Diclona Patch should be used with caution in patients receiving Class I antiarrhythmic drugs (such as tocainide and mexiletine) since the toxic effects are additive and potentially synergistic.

Local Anesthetics

When Diclona Patch is used concomitantly with other products containing local anesthetic agents, the amount absorbed from all formulations must be considered.

Drugs That May Cause Methemoglobinemia When Used with Diclona Patch

Patients who are administered local anesthetics are at increased risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to the following drugs, which could include other local anesthetics:

Examples of Drugs Associated with Methemoglobinemia:

Class Examples

Nitrates/Nitrites nitric oxide, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, nitrous oxide Local anesthetics

articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine

Antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide, flutamide, hydroxyurea, ifosfamide, rasburicase, antibiotics dapsone, nitrofurantoin, para-aminosalicylic acid, sulfonamides, antimalarials chloroquine, primaquine anticonvulsants, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, opher drugs acetaminophen, metoclopramide, quinine, sulfasalazine carcinogenesis, mutagenesis.

Impairment of Fertility

The effect of Diclona Patch on fertility has not been studied.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category B.

Diclona Patch has not been studied in pregnancy.

Labor and Delivery

Diclona Patch has not been studied in labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

Diclona Patch has not been studied in nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.