Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine Methylbromide (hydrocodone bitartrate 5 mg / homatropine methylbromide 1.5 mg) Dailymed

Description

Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine Methylbromide Tablets, USP contains hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) bitartrate, a semi-synthetic centrally-acting narcotic antitussive. Homatropine methylbromide is included in a subtherapeutic amount to discourage deliberate overdosage.

Each hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets contains:

Hydrocodone Bitartrate USP 5 mg

Homatropine Methylbromide USP 1.5 mg.

The hydrocodone component is 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan -6-one-tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5), a fine white crystal or crystalline powder, which is derived from the opium alkaloid, thebaine, has a molecular weight of (494.50) and may be represented by the following structural formula:
C₁₈H₂₁NO₃• C₄H₆O₆• 2½H₂O
Hydrocodone Bitartrate

Homatropine methylbromide is 8- Azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 3-[(hydroxyphenyl-acetyl)oxy]-8, 8-dimethyl-,bromide, endo-; a white crystal or fine white crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of (370.29).
C₁₇H₂₄BrNO₃
Homatropine Methylbromide

Clinical Pharmacology

Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic narcotic antitussive and analgesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine. The precise mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known; however, hydrocodone is believed to act directly on the cough center. In excessive doses, hydrocodone like other opium derivatives, will depress respiration. The effects of hydrocodone in therapeutic doses on the cardiovascular system are insignificant. Hydrocodone can produce miosis, euphoria, physical and psychological dependence.

Following a 10 mg oral dose of hydrocodone administered to five adult male subjects, the mean peak concentration was 23.6 ± 5.2 ng/ml.  Maximum serum levels were achieved at 1.3± 0.3 hours and the half-life was determined to be 3.8 ± 0.3 hours. Hydrocodone exhibits a complex pattern of metabolism including 0-demethylation, N-demethylation and 6-keto reduction to the corresponding 6-α and 6-β-hydroxymetabolites.

Indications And Usage

Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine Methylbromide Tablets, USP are indicated for the symptomatic relief of cough in adults and children 6 years of age and older.

Contraindications

Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets should not be administered to patients who are hypersensitive to hydrocodone or homatropine methylbromide.

Warnings

Hydrocodone can produce drug dependence of the morphine type and, therefore, has the potential for being abused. Psychic dependence, physical dependence and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets and it should be prescribed and administered with the same degree of caution appropriate to the use of other narcotic drugs (SEE DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE).

Respiratory Depression:

The use of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets is not recommended for use in children less than 6 years of age because of the risk of fatal respiratory depression (see ADVERSE REACTIONS – Respiratory Depression). Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets produce dose-related respiratory depression by directly acting on brain stem respiratory centers. If respiratory depression occurs, it may be antagonized by the use of naloxone hydrochloride and other supportive measures when indicated.

Head Injury and Increased Intracranial Pressure:

The respiratory depression properties of narcotics and their capacity to elevate cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be markedly exaggerated in the presence of head injury, other intracranial lesions, or a pre-existing increase in intracranial pressure. Furthermore, narcotics produce adverse reactions which may obscure the clinical course of patients with head injuries.

Acute Abdominal Conditions:

The administration of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets or other opioids may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute abdominal conditions.
Pediatric Use:

In pediatric patients, as well as adults, the respiratory center is sensitive to the depressant action of opioid cough suppressants in a dose-dependant manner. Caution should be exercised when administering hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets to pediatric patients 6 years of age and older because of the potential for fatal respiratory depression. Overdose or concomitant administration of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets with other respiratory depressants may increase the risk of respiratory depression in pediatric patients. Benefit to risk should be carefully considered especially in the pediatric population with respiratory embarrassment (e.g., croup)(see PRECAUTIONS).

Precautions

General

Before prescribing medication to suppress or modify cough, it is important to ascertain that the underlying cause of cough is identified, that modification of cough does not increase the risk of clinical or physiological complications, and that appropriate therapy for the primary disease is provided.

Special Risk Patients:

Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets should be given with caution to certain patients such as the elderly or debilitated, and those with severe impairment of hepatic or renal functions, hypothyroidism, Addison’s disease, prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture, asthma, and narrow-angle glaucoma.

Information for Patients

Hydrocodone may produce marked drowsiness and impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery. The patient using hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets should be cautioned accordingly.

Keep out of reach of children.

Drug Interactions

Patients receiving opioids, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antianxiety agents or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets may exhibit an additive CNS depression. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.

The use of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the effect of either the antidepressants or hydrocodone.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Studies of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic and mutagenic potential and the effect on fertility have not been conducted.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets. It is also not known whether hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Babies born to mothers who have been taking opioids regularly prior to delivery will be physically dependent. The withdrawal signs include: irritability and excessive crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes, increased respiratory rate, increased stools, sneezing, yawning, vomiting and fever. The intensity of the syndrome does not always correlate with the duration of maternal opioid use or dose.

Labor and Delivery

As with all opioids, administration of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets to the mother shortly before delivery may result in some degree of respiratory depression in the newborn, especially if higher doses are used.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets in children under six have not been established. The use of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets in children less than 6 years of age has been associated with cases of fatal respiratory depression (see ADVERSE REACTIONS – Respiratory Depression). Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets should be used with caution in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older (see WARNINGS – Pediatric Use).

Adverse Reactions

Central Nervous System:

Sedation, drowsiness, mental clouding, lethargy, impairment of mental and physical performance, anxiety, fear, dysphoria, dizziness, psychic dependence, mood changes.

Gastrointestinal System:

Nausea and vomiting may occur; they are more frequent in ambulatory than in recumbent patients. Prolonged administration of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets may produce constipation.

Genitourinary System:

Ureteral spasm, spasm of vesicle sphincters and urinary retention have been reported with opiates.
Respiratory Depression:

Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets may produce dose-related respiratory depression by acting directly on brain stem respiratory centers (see OVERDOSAGE). Use of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets in children less than 6 years of age has been associated with fatal respiratory depression. Overdose with hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets in children 6 years of age and older, in adolescents, and in adults has been associated with fatal respiratory depression.

Postmarketing events seen in children under 6 years of age include accidental overdose, bronchopneumonia, coma, cyanosis, death, death neonatal, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, respiratory arrest, and respiratory depression.

Postmarketing events seen in patients older than 6 years of age include accidental overdose, cardio-respiratory arrest, death due to drug toxicity, non-accidental overdosage, and overdosage.

Dermatological:

Skin rash, pruritus.

Drug Abuse And Dependence

Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets are a Schedule III opioid. Psychic dependence, physical dependence and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of opioids; therefore, hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets should be prescribed and administered with caution. However, psychic dependence is unlikely to develop when hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets is used for a short time for the treatment of cough. Physical dependence, the condition in which continued administration of the drug is required to prevent the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome, assumes clinically significant proportions only after several weeks of continued oral opioid use, although some mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few days of opioid therapy.

Overdosage

Signs and Symptoms:

Serious overdosage with hydrocodone is characterized by respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cyanosis), extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin and sometimes bradycardia and hypotension. In severe overdosage apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur. The ingestion of very large amounts of hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide tablets may, in addition, result in acute homatropine intoxication.

Treatment:

Primary attention should be given to the reestablishment of adequate respiratory exchange through provision of a patent airway and the institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. The opioids antagonist naloxone hydrochloride is a specific antidote for respiratory depression which may result from overdosage or unusual sensitivity to opioids including hydrocodone. Therefore, an appropriate dose of naloxone hydrochloride should be administered, preferably by the intravenous route, simultaneously with efforts at respiratory resuscitation. For further information, see full prescribing information for naloxone hydrochloride. An antagonist should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory depression. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, vasopressors and other supportive measures should be employed as indicated. Gastric emptying may be useful in removing unabsorbed drug.

Dosage And Administration

Adults and Adolescents 12 years of Age and Older:

One (1) tablet every 4 to 6 hours as needed; do not exceed six (6) tablets in 24 hours.

Children 6 to 11 years of age:

One-half (1/2) tablet every 4 to 6 hours as needed; do not exceed three (3) tablets in 24 hours.

How Supplied

Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Homatropine Methylbromide Tablets, USP are available as white, round scored, biconvex tablet debossed with “N” on upper side of the score, “350” on the lower side of the score and plain on the other side containing 5 mg hydrochloride bitartrate and 1.5 mg homatropine methylbromide and is available in

Bottles of 30 NDC 40032-350-03

Bottles of 100 NDC 40032-350-24

Bottles of 500 NDC 40032-350-26

Store tablets at 20°–25°C (68°–77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container, as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure (as required).

Oral prescription where permitted by state law.

Manufactured by:

Novel Laboratories, Inc.

400 Campus drive

Somerset, NJ 08873

NIN-350-01

Rev. 07/11

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