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Isotretinoin Dailymed

  1. Human Prescription
  2. Retinoid
  3. Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC

Generic: isotretinoin is used for the treatment of Acne Vulgaris Leukemia Neuroblastoma Pregnancy

Isotretinoin solution - image

Boxed Warning

Warning:embryo-fetal Toxicity Contraindicated In Pregnancy

Isotretinoin capsules can cause severe life-threatening birth defects and is contraindicated in pregnancy. There is an extremely high risk that life-threatening birth defects will result if pregnancy occurs while taking any amount of isotretinoin capsules even for short periods of time. Potentially any fetus exposed during pregnancy can be affected. There are no accurate means of determining prenatally whether an exposed fetus has been affected. If pregnancy occurs, discontinue isotretinoin capsules immediately and refer the patient to an Obstetrician-Gynecologist experienced in reproductive toxicity for further evaluation and counseling [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Because of the risk of embryo-fetal toxicity, isotretinoin is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the iPLEDGE REMS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY – CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
  • Isotretinoin capsules can cause life-threatening birth defects and is contraindicated in pregnancy. There is an extremely high risk that life-threatening birth defects will result if pregnancy occurs while taking isotretinoin capsules in any amount, even for short periods of time. Potentially any fetus exposed during pregnancy can be affected. There are no accurate means of determining whether an exposed fetus has been affected. (4, 5.1, 8.1)
  • Isotretinoin capsules are available only through a restricted program called the iPLEDGE REMS. (5.2)

  1. FDA Adverse Reactions

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Warning:embryo-fetal Toxicity Contraindicated In Pregnancy


Isotretinoin capsules can cause severe life-threatening birth defects and is contraindicated in pregnancy. There is an extremely high risk that life-threatening birth defects will result if pregnancy occurs while taking any amount of isotretinoin capsules even for short periods of time. Potentially any fetus exposed during pregnancy can be affected. There are no accurate means of determining prenatally whether an exposed fetus has been affected. If pregnancy occurs, discontinue isotretinoin capsules immediately and refer the patient to an Obstetrician-Gynecologist experienced in reproductive toxicity for further evaluation and counseling [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Because of the risk of embryo-fetal toxicity, isotretinoin is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the iPLEDGE REMS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].


WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY – CONTRAINDICATED IN PREGNANCY

See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
  • Isotretinoin capsules can cause life-threatening birth defects and is contraindicated in pregnancy. There is an extremely high risk that life-threatening birth defects will result if pregnancy occurs while taking isotretinoin capsules in any amount, even for short periods of time. Potentially any fetus exposed during pregnancy can be affected. There are no accurate means of determining whether an exposed fetus has been affected. (4, 5.1, 8.1)
  • Isotretinoin capsules are available only through a restricted program called the iPLEDGE REMS. (5.2)

1 Indications And Usage


Isotretinoin capsules are indicated for the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne in non-pregnant patients 12 years of age and older with multiple inflammatory nodules with a diameter of 5 mm or greater. Because of significant adverse reactions associated with its use, isotretinoin capsules are reserved for patients with severe nodular acne who are unresponsive to conventional therapy, including systemic antibiotics.


Isotretinoin capsules are retinoids indicated for the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne in non-pregnant patients 12 years of age and older with multiple inflammatory nodules with a diameter of 5 mm or greater. Because of significant adverse reactions associated with its use, isotretinoin capsules are reserved for patients with severe nodular acne who are unresponsive to conventional therapy, including systemic antibiotics. (1)

Limitations of Use:

If a second course of isotretinoin therapy is needed, it is not recommended before a two-month waiting period because the patient's acne may continue to improve following a 15 to 20-week course of therapy. (1)


Limitations of Use:

If a second course of isotretinoin therapy is needed, it is not recommended before a two-month waiting period because the patient's acne may continue to improve following a 15 to 20-week course of therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

2 Dosage And Administration


  • Recommended dosage for isotretinoin capsules is 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day given in two divided doses without regard to meals for 15 to 20 weeks (2.1)
  • Adult patients with very severe disease (scarring, trunk involvement) may increase dosage to 2 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin capsules in divided doses. (2.1)
  • Once daily dosing is not recommended. (2.1)
  • If a dose of isotretinoin capsules is missed, just skip that dose. Do not take two doses of isotretinoin capsules at the same time. (2.1)
  • Perform pregnancy tests prior to prescribing, each month during therapy, end of therapy, and one month after discontinuation. (2.3, 8.3)
  • Prior to prescribing, perform fasting lipid profile and liver function tests. (2.3)

2.1Recommended Dosage

  • Isotretinoin capsules is 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day given in two divided doses with or without meals for 15 to 20 weeks (see Table 1).

To decrease the risk of esophageal irritation, instruct patients to swallow the capsules with a full glass of liquid. During treatment, the dosage may be adjusted according to response of the disease and/or adverse reactions, some of which may be dose-related. Adult patients whose disease is very severe with scarring or is primarily manifested on the trunk may require dosage adjustments up to 2 mg/kg/day for isotretinoin capsules in divided doses, as tolerated.

The safety and effectiveness of once daily dosing with isotretinoin capsules has not been established and is not recommended.

If a dose of isotretinoin capsules is missed, just skip that dose. Do not take two doses of isotretinoin capsules at the same time.
Table 1:  Isotretinoin Capsules Daily Dosage by Body WeightAdminister in two divided doses with or without meals
Body Weight Total Daily Dosage (mg)
0.5 mg/kg 1 mg/kg 2 mg/kg
40 kg 20 40 80
50 kg 25 50 100
60 kg 30 60 120
70 kg 35 70 140
80 kg 40 80 160
90 kg 45 90 180
100 kg 50 100 200

2.2Duration of Use


A normal course of treatment is 15 to 20 weeks. If the total nodule count has been reduced by more than 70% prior to completing 15 to 20 weeks of treatment, may discontinue isotretinoin capsules.

After a period of 2 months or more off therapy, and if warranted by persistent or recurring severe nodular acne, may initiate a second course of isotretinoin capsules in patients who have completed skeletal growth. The use of another course of isotretinoin therapy is not recommended before a two-month waiting period because the patient's acne may continue to improve after a 15 to 20-week course of therapy. The optimal interval before retreatment has not been defined for patients who have not completed skeletal growth.

Long-term use of isotretinoin capsules, even in low dosages, has not been studied, and is not recommended. The effect of long-term use of isotretinoin capsules on bone loss is unknown [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].

2.3Laboratory Testing Prior to Administration


The following laboratory testing must be completed prior to isotretinoin use:

3 Dosage Forms And Strengths


Isotretinoin capsules, USP 40 mg is available in a pink-brown, oblong, soft gelatin capsule, containing a yellow/orange opaque viscous liquid, imprinted "575" in black ink.


Capsules: 40 mg (3)

4 Contraindications


  • Pregnancy (4.1, 8.1)
  • Hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components (4.2, 5.15)

4.1Pregnancy


Isotretinoin capsules are contraindicated in pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

4.2Hypersensitivity


Isotretinoin capsules are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to isotretinoin (or vitamin A, given the chemical similarity to isotretinoin) or to any of its components (anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions have occurred) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].

5 Warnings And Precautions


  • Psychiatric Disorders (depression, psychosis, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and aggressive and/or violent behaviors): Prior to and during therapy assess for these conditions; stop if these conditions occur on therapy (5.4)
  • Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri): Avoid use with concomitant tetracyclines (5.5)
  • Serious Skin Reactions: Monitor for Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and other serious skin reactions (5.6)
  • Acute Pancreatitis: If occurs, discontinue treatment (5.7)
  • Lipid Abnormalities (hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, and elevation of cholesterol): Monitor lipid levels at regular intervals; stop if hypertriglyceridemia cannot be controlled (5.8)
  • Hearing Impairment: Discontinue and refer to specialized care (5.9)
  • Hepatotoxicity: Monitor liver function tests prior to and during therapy (5.10, 5.15)
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Discontinue for abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or severe diarrhea (5.11)
  • Musculoskeletal Abnormalities: Arthralgias, back pain, decreases in bone mineral density and premature epiphyseal closure (5.12)
  • Ocular Abnormalities e.g., corneal opacities, decreased night vision: If visual symptoms occur, discontinue and refer for an ophthalmological exam (5.13)

5.1Embryo-Fetal Toxicity


Isotretinoin is contraindicated in pregnancy [see Contraindications (4.1)]. Based on human data, isotretinoin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant patient. There is an extremely high risk that life-threatening birth defects will result if pregnancy occurs while taking any amount of isotretinoin even for short periods of time. Potentially any fetus exposed during pregnancy can be affected. There are no accurate means of determining prenatally whether an exposed fetus has been affected. Major congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions, and premature births have been documented following exposure to isotretinoin during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

If a pregnancy occurs during isotretinoin treatment, discontinue isotretinoin immediately and refer the patient to an obstetrician/gynecologist experienced in reproductive toxicity for further evaluation and counseling. Any suspected fetal exposure during or 1 month after isotretinoin therapy must be reported immediately to the FDA via the MedWatch telephone number 1-800-FDA-1088, and also to the iPLEDGE pregnancy registry at 1-866-495-0654 or via the internet (www.ipledgeprogram.com).

Patients must be informed not to donate blood during isotretinoin therapy and for 1 month following discontinuation because the blood might be given to a pregnant patient whose fetus must not be exposed to isotretinoin.

Isotretinoin capsules is available only through a restricted program under a REMS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

5.2iPLEDGE REMS


Isotretinoin capsules are available only through a restricted program under a REMS called the iPLEDGE REMS because of the risk of embryo-fetal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Notable requirements of the iPLEDGE REMS include the following:
  • Prescribers must be certified with the program and comply with the following requirements:
    • Determine reproductive status of all patients prior to initiating treatment
    • Provide contraception counseling to patients who can get pregnant prior to and during treatment, or refer patients who can get pregnant to an expert for such counseling
    • Provide scheduled pregnancy testing, and verify and document the negative pregnancy test result prior to writing each prescription, for no more than a 30-day supply
  • Patients who can become pregnant must be enrolled by signing an informed consent form and must comply with the following requirements
    • Comply with the pregnancy testing and contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]
    • Demonstrate comprehension of the safe-use conditions of the program every month
    • Obtain the prescription within 7 days of the pregnancy test collection
  • Patients who cannot become pregnant must be enrolled by signing an informed consent form and must obtain the prescription within 30 days of the office visit
  • Pharmacies that dispense isotretinoin capsules must be certified by being enrolled and activated in the program, must only dispense to patients who are authorized to receive isotretinoin capsules, and comply with the following requirements:
    • Only dispense a maximum of a 30-day supply with a Medication Guide.
    • Do not dispense refills. Dispense only with a new prescription and a new authorization from the program.
    • Return isotretinoin capsules to inventory if patients do not obtain the prescription by the "Do Not Dispense To After" date
  • Wholesalers and distributors must be enrolled with the program and must only distribute to certified pharmacies.

Further information, including a ul of qualified pharmacies and distributors, is available at www.ipledgeprogram.com or 1-866-495-0654.

5.4Psychiatric Disorders


Isotretinoin may cause depression, psychosis and, rarely, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide, and aggressive and/or violent behaviors [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

Healthcare providers should be alert to the warning signs of psychiatric disorders to help ensure patients receive the help they need (Prescribers should read the brochure, Recognizing Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Guide for Prescribers of Isotretinoin). Prior to initiation of isotretinoin therapy, patients and family members should be asked about any history of psychiatric disorder, and at each visit during therapy patients should be assessed for symptoms of depression, mood disturbance, psychosis, or aggression to determine if further evaluation is necessary.

Patients should immediately stop isotretinoin capsules and the patient (or caregiver) should promptly contact their prescriber if the patient develops depression, mood disturbance, psychosis, or aggression. Discontinuation of isotretinoin capsules may be insufficient; further evaluation may be necessary such as a referral to a mental healthcare professional.

5.5Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)


Isotretinoin use has been associated with cases of intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), some of which involved concomitant use of tetracyclines. Concomitant treatment with tetracyclines should therefore be avoided with isotretinoin use. Early signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension include papilledema, headache, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances. Patients with these symptoms should be screened for papilledema and, if present, they should be told to discontinue isotretinoin capsules immediately and be referred to a neurologist for further diagnosis and care [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

5.6Serious Skin Reactions


There have been post-marketing reports of erythema multiforme and severe skin reactions [e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)] associated with isotretinoin use. These reactions may be serious and result in death, life-threatening events, hospitalization, or disability. Patients should be monitored closely for severe skin reactions, and isotretinoin capsules should be discontinued if they occur.

5.7Pancreatitis


Acute pancreatitis has been reported with isotretinoin use in patients with either elevated or normal serum triglyceride levels. In rare instances, fatal hemorrhagic pancreatitis has been reported. If symptoms of pancreatitis occur, discontinue isotretinoin capsules and seek medical attention.

5.8Lipid Abnormalities


Elevations of serum triglycerides above 800 mg/dL have been reported with isotretinoin use. In clinical trials, marked elevations of serum triglycerides, decreases in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and increases in cholesterol levels were reported in 25%, 15%, and 7% of patients treated with isotretinoin capsules, respectively. These lipid changes were reversible upon isotretinoin capsule cessation. Some patients have been able to reverse triglyceride elevation by reduction in weight and restriction of dietary fat and alcohol while continuing isotretinoin or through dosage reduction. The cardiovascular consequences of hypertriglyceridemia associated with isotretinoin are unknown.

Fasting lipid tests should be performed before isotretinoin treatment and then at intervals until the lipid response to isotretinoin is known, which usually occurs within 4 weeks. Careful consideration should be given to risk/benefit of isotretinoin in patients who are at higher risk of hypertriglyceridemia (e.g., patients with diabetes, obesity, increased alcohol intake, lipid metabolism disorder or familial history of lipid metabolism disorder). If isotretinoin therapy is instituted in such patients, more frequent checks of serum values for lipids are recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)]. Isotretinoin should be stopped if hypertriglyceridemia cannot be controlled.

5.9Hearing Impairment


Impaired hearing has been reported in patients taking isotretinoin; in some cases, the hearing impairment has been reported to persist after therapy has been discontinued. Mechanism(s) and causality for this reaction have not been established. Patients who experience tinnitus or hearing impairment should discontinue isotretinoin treatment and be referred for specialized care for further evaluation.

5.10Hepatotoxicity


Clinical hepatitis has been reported with isotretinoin use. Additionally, mild to moderate elevations of liver enzymes have been observed in approximately 15% of individuals treated during clinical trials with isotretinoin capsules, some of which normalized with dosage reduction or continued administration of the drug. If normalization does not readily occur or if hepatitis is suspected during treatment, isotretinoin capsules should be discontinued.

5.11Inflammatory Bowel Disease


Isotretinoin has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (including regional ileitis) in patients without a prior history of intestinal disorders. In some instances, symptoms have been reported to persist after isotretinoin treatment has been stopped. Patients experiencing abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or severe diarrhea should discontinue isotretinoin capsules immediately [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

5.12Musculoskeletal Abnormalities



Bone Mineral Density Changes, Osteoporosis, and Fractures

Isotretinoin may have a negative effect on bone mineral density (BMD) in some patients. In a clinical trial of isotretinoin and another isotretinoin capsule product, 27/306 (9%) of adolescents had BMD declines, defined as ≥ 4% lumbar spine or total hip, or ≥ 5% femoral neck, during the 20-week treatment period. Repeat scans conducted within 2 to 3 months after the post-treatment scan showed no recovery of BMD. Long-term data at 4 to 11 months showed that 3 out of 7 patients had total hip and femoral neck BMD below pre-treatment baseline, and 2 others did not show the increase in BMD above baseline expected in this adolescent population. Therefore, healthcare providers should use caution when prescribing isotretinoin capsules to patients with a history of childhood osteoporosis conditions, osteomalacia, or other disorders of bone metabolism. This would include patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and those who are on chronic drug therapy that causes drug-induced osteoporosis/osteomalacia and/or affects vitamin D metabolism, such as systemic corticosteroids and any anticonvulsant [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].

There have been spontaneous reports of osteoporosis, osteopenia, fractures and/or delayed healing of fractures in patients while on therapy with isotretinoin or following cessation of therapy with isotretinoin.

Patients in early and late adolescence who participate in sports with repetitive impact may be at an increased risk of spondyloulhesis with and without pars fractures, and hip growth plate injuries have been reported.


Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

Approximately 16% of patients treated with isotretinoin capsules in a clinical trial developed musculoskeletal symptoms (including arthralgia) during treatment. In general, these symptoms were mild to moderate, but occasionally required discontinuation of isotretinoin.

In a trial of pediatric patients treated with isotretinoin capsules, approximately 29% (104/358) developed back pain. Back pain was severe in 14% (14/104) of the cases and occurred at a higher frequency in female patients than male patients. Arthralgias were experienced in 22% (79/358) of pediatric patients. Arthralgias were severe in 8% (6/79) of patients. Appropriate evaluation of the musculoskeletal system should be done in patients who present with these symptoms during or after a course of isotretinoin. Consider discontinuing isotretinoin capsules if any significant abnormality is found.

Effects of multiple courses of isotretinoin on the developing musculoskeletal system are unknown. There is some evidence that long-term, high-dose, or multiple courses of therapy with isotretinoin have more of an effect than a single course of therapy on the musculoskeletal system. It is important that isotretinoin capsules be given at the recommended dose for no longer than the recommended duration.


Hyperostosis

A high prevalence of skeletal hyperostosis was noted in clinical trials for disorders of keratinization with a mean dose of 2.24 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin capsules (approximately 1.1 times the maximum recommended daily dosage). Additionally, skeletal hyperostosis was noted in 6 of 8 patients in a prospective trial of disorders of keratinization. Minimal skeletal hyperostosis and calcification of ligaments and tendons have also been observed by x-ray in prospective trials of nodular acne patients treated with a single course of therapy at recommended doses. The skeletal effects of multiple isotretinoin treatment courses for acne are unknown.

In a clinical trial of 217 pediatric patients (12 to 17 years) with severe recalcitrant nodular acne, hyperostosis was not observed after 16 to 20 weeks of treatment with approximately 1 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin capsules given in two divided doses. Hyperostosis may require a longer time frame to appear. The clinical course and significance remain unknown.


Premature Epiphyseal Closure

There are spontaneous literature reports of premature epiphyseal closure in acne patients receiving recommended doses of isotretinoin capsules. The effect of multiple courses of isotretinoin on epiphyseal closure is unknown.

In a 20-week clinical trial that included 289 adolescents on isotretinoin or another isotretinoin capsule product who had hand radiographs taken to assess bone age, a total of 9 (3%) patients had bone age changes that were clinically significant and for which a drug-related effect cannot be excluded.

5.13Ocular Abnormalities


Visual problems should be carefully monitored. If visual difficulties occur, discontinue isotretinoin treatment and obtain an ophthalmological examination [see Adverse Reactions (6)].


Corneal Opacities

Corneal opacities have occurred in patients receiving isotretinoin capsules and more frequently when higher drug dosages were used in patients with disorders of keratinization. The corneal opacities that have been observed in clinical trial patients treated with isotretinoin capsules have either completely resolved or were resolving at follow-up 6 to 7 weeks after discontinuation of isotretinoin [see Adverse Reactions (6)].


Decreased Night Vision

Decreased night vision has been reported during isotretinoin use and in some instances the event has persisted after therapy was discontinued. Because the onset in some patients was sudden, patients should be advised of this potential problem and warned to be cautious when driving or operating any vehicle at night.


Dry Eyes

Dry eyes have been reported in patients during isotretinoin use. Patients who wear contact lenses may have trouble wearing them while on isotretinoin capsules treatment and afterwards.

5.14Hypersensitivity Reactions


Anaphylactic reactions and other allergic reactions have been reported with isotretinoin use. Cutaneous allergic reactions and serious cases of allergic vasculitis, often with purpura (bruises and red patches) of the extremities and extracutaneous involvement (including renal) have been reported. Severe allergic reaction necessitates discontinuation of therapy and appropriate medical management.

5.15Laboratory Abnormalities and Laboratory Monitoring for Adverse Reactions



Laboratory Monitoring


Pregnancy Testing

A pregnancy test must be obtained prior to obtaining a prescription, repeated each month, at the end of the entire course of isotretinoin therapy and 1 month after the discontinuation of isotretinoin capsules [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].


Lipid Tests

Pretreatment and follow-up fasting lipid tests should be obtained under fasting conditions. After consumption of alcohol, at least 36 hours should elapse before testing is performed. It is recommended that these tests be performed periodically until the lipid response to isotretinoin is known. The incidence of hypertriglyceridemia is 25% in patients treated with isotretinoin capsules [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].


Liver Function Tests

As elevations of liver enzymes have been observed during clinical trials, and hepatitis has been reported in patients on isotretinoin capsules, pretreatment and follow-up liver function tests should be performed periodically until the response to isotretinoin is known [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)].


Additional Laboratory Abnormalities


Glucose

With isotretinoin use, some patients have experienced problems in the control of their blood sugar. In addition, new cases of diabetes have been diagnosed during isotretinoin use.


CPK

Some patients undergoing vigorous physical activity while taking isotretinoin have experienced elevated CPK levels; however, the clinical significance is unknown. There have been rare post-marketing reports of rhabdomyolysis with isotretinoin use, some associated with strenuous physical activity. In a clinical trial of 924 patients, marked elevations in CPK (≥350 U/L) were observed in approximately 24% of patients treated with isotretinoin capsules.

In another clinical trial of 217 pediatric patients (12 to 17 years old) elevations in CPK were observed in 12% of patients, including those undergoing strenuous physical activity in association with reported musculoskeletal adverse events such as back pain, arthralgia, limb injury, or muscle sprain. In these patients, approximately half of the CPK elevations returned to normal within 2 weeks and half returned to normal within 4 weeks. No cases of rhabdomyolysis were reported in this clinical trial.

6 Adverse Reactions


The following adverse reactions with isotretinoin or other isotretinoin capsule products are described in more detail in other sections of the labeling:

The following adverse reactions associated with the use of isotretinoin capsules were identified in clinical studies or post-marketing reports. Because some of these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.


Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%) are: dry lips, dry skin, back pain, dry eye, arthralgia, epistaxis, headache, nasopharyngitis, chapped lips, dermatitis, increased creatine kinase, cheilitis, musculoskeletal discomfort, upper respiratory tract infection, reduced visual acuity. (6)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC at 1-855-899-9180 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch or iPLEDGE at (1-866-495-0654).


Dose Relationship

Cheilitis and hypertriglyceridemia were dose related.


Body as a Whole

Fatigue, irritability, pain, allergic reactions, systemic hypersensitivity, edema, lymphadenopathy, weight loss.


Cardiovascular

Vascular thrombotic disease, stroke, palpitation, tachycardia.


Endocrine/Metabolism and Nutritional

Decreased appetite, weight fluctuation, alterations in blood sugar.


Gastrointestinal

Dry lips, chapped lips, cheilitis, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, pancreatitis, bleeding and inflammation of the gums, colitis, esophagitis, esophageal ulceration, ileitis.


Hematologic

Anemia and decreased RBC parameters, thrombocytopenia, increased platelet counts, decreased WBC counts, severe neutropenia, rare reports of agranulocytosis.


Infections and Infestations

Nasopharyngitis, hordeolum, infections (including disseminated herpes simplex and upper respiratory tract infection).


Laboratory Abnormalities

The following lab tests were increased: creatine phosphokinase (CPK), triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGTP), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, LDH, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, and sedimentation rate. However, high density lipoprotein (HDL) was decreased. Urine findings included increased white cells, proteinuria, microscopic or gross hematuria.


Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue

Decreases in bone mineral density, musculoskeletal symptoms (sometimes severe) including back pain, arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain, neck pain, extremity pain, myalgia, musculoskeletal stiffness [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)], skeletal hyperostosis, calcification of tendons and ligaments, premature epiphyseal closure, tendonitis, arthritis, transient chest pain, and rare reports of rhabdomyolysis.


Neurological

Headache, syncope, intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, malaise, nervousness, paresthesia, seizures, stroke, weakness.


Psychiatric

Suicidal ideation, insomnia, anxiety, depression, irritability, panic attack, anger, euphoria, violent behaviors, emotional instability, suicide attempts, suicide, aggression, psychosis and auditory hallucinations. Of the patients reporting depression, some reported that the depression subsided with discontinuation of therapy and recurred with reinstitution of therapy.


Reproductive System

Abnormal menses, sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction and decreased libido.


Respiratory

Epistaxis, nasal dryness, bronchospasm (with or without a history of asthma), respiratory infection, voice alteration.


Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue

Dry skin, dermatitis, eczema, rash, contact dermatitis, alopecia, pruritus, sunburn, erythema, acne fulminans, alopecia (which in some cases persisted), bruising, dry nose, eruptive xanthomas, erythema multiforme, flushing, skin fragility, hair abnormalities, hirsutism, hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, nail dystrophy, paronychia, peeling of palms and soles, photoallergic/photosensitizing reactions, pruritus, pyogenic granuloma, rash (including facial erythema, seborrhea, and eczema), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, increased sunburn susceptibility, sweating, toxic epidermal necrolysis, urticaria, vasculitis (including granulomatosis with polyangiitis), abnormal wound healing (delayed healing or exuberant granulation tissue with crusting).


Senses


Hearing: tinnitus and hearing impairment.


Ocular: dry eyes, reduced visual acuity, blurred vision, eye pruritis, eye irritation, asthenopia, decreased night vision, ocular hyperemia, increased lacrimation, conjunctivitis, corneal opacities, decreased night vision which may persist, cataracts, color vision disorder, conjunctivitis, eyelid inflammation, keratitis, optic neuritis, photobia, visual disturbances.


Renal and Urinary

Glomerulonephritis.

7 Drug Interactions


  • Vitamin A: may cause additive adverse reactions (7.1)
  • Tetracyclines: avoid concomitant use (7.2)

7.1Vitamin A


Isotretinoin capsules are closely related to vitamin A. Therefore, the use of both vitamin A and isotretinoin capsules at the same time may lead to vitamin A related adverse reactions. Patients treated with isotretinoin capsules should be advised against taking supplements containing Vitamin A to avoid additive toxic effects.

7.2Tetracyclines


Concomitant treatment with isotretinoin capsules and tetracyclines should be avoided because isotretinoin use has been associated with a number of cases of intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), some of which involved concomitant use of tetracyclines [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

7.3Phenytoin


Phenytoin is known to cause osteomalacia. No formal clinical trials have been conducted to assess if there is an interactive effect on bone loss between phenytoin and isotretinoin. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using these drugs together.

7.4Systemic Corticosteroids


Systemic corticosteroids are known to cause osteoporosis. No formal clinical trials have been conducted to assess if there is an interactive effect on bone loss with concomitant use of systemic corticosteroids and isotretinoin. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using these drugs together.

7.5Norethindrone and Ethinyl Estradiol


In a trial of 31 premenopausal female patients with severe recalcitrant nodular acne receiving norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol as an oral contraceptive agent, isotretinoin capsules within the recommended dosage, did not induce clinically relevant changes in the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone and in the serum levels of progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Although this study did not show any clinically significant interaction between isotretinoin and norethindrone, it is not known if there is an interaction between isotretinoin with other progestins.

8 Use In Specific Populations



Lactation: Breastfeeding not recommended (8.2).

8.1Pregnancy


Pregnancy Exposure Registry

There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to isotretinoin during pregnancy. Report any suspected fetal exposure during or 1 month after isotretinoin therapy immediately to the FDA via the MedWatch telephone number 1-800-FDA-1088 and also to the iPLEDGE pregnancy registry at 1-866-495-0654 or via the internet (www.ipledgeprogram.com).


Risk Summary

Isotretinoin is contraindicated during pregnancy because isotretinoin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant patient. There is an increased risk of major congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions, and premature births following isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy in humans. If isotretinoin is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking isotretinoin, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus. If pregnancy occurs during treatment of a patient who is taking isotretinoin capsules, isotretinoin capsules must be discontinued immediately and the patient should be referred to an Obstetrician-Gynecologist experienced in reproductive toxicity for further evaluation and counseling.


Data


Human Data

Major congenital malformations that have been documented following isotretinoin exposure include malformations of the face, eyes, ears, skull, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and thymus and parathyroid glands. External malformations include: skull; ear (including anotia, micropinna, small or absent external auditory canals); eye (including microphthalmia); facial dysmorphia and cleft palate. Internal abnormalities include: CNS (including cerebral and cerebellar malformations, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, cranial nerve deficit); cardiovascular; thymus gland; parathyroid hormone deficiency. In some cases, death has occurred as a result of the malformations.

Cases of IQ scores less than 85 with or without other abnormalities have been reported in children exposed in utero to isotretinoin. An increased risk of spontaneous abortion and premature births have been reported with isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy.

8.2Lactation



Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of isotretinoin in either animal or human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from isotretinoin, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with isotretinoin, and for at least 8 days after the last dose of isotretinoin capsules.

8.3Females and Males of Reproductive Potential


All patients who can become pregnant must comply with the iPLEDGE REMS requirements [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].


Pregnancy Testing

Isotretinoin capsules must only be prescribed to patients who are known not to be pregnant as confirmed by a negative CLIA-certified laboratory conducted pregnancy test. Patients who can become pregnant must have had two negative urine or serum pregnancy tests with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL before receiving the initial isotretinoin capsules prescription (the interval between the two tests must be at least 19 days).
  • The first test (a screening test) is obtained by the prescriber when the decision is made to prescribe isotretinoin therapy.
  • The second pregnancy test (a confirmation test) is performed after the patient has used 2 forms of contraception for 1 month and during the first 5 days of the menstrual period immediately preceding the beginning of isotretinoin therapy (for patients with regular menstrual cycles) or immediately preceding the beginning of isotretinoin therapy (for patients with amenorrhea, irregular cycles, or using a contraceptive method that precludes withdrawal bleeding).

A pregnancy test must be repeated each month, in a CLIA-certified laboratory prior to the patient receiving each prescription. A pregnancy test must also be completed at the end of the entire course of isotretinoin therapy and 1 month after the discontinuation of isotretinoin capsules.


Contraception

Patients who can become pregnant must use 2 forms of contraception simultaneously, at least 1 of which must be a primary form, for at least 1 month prior to initiation of isotretinoin therapy, during isotretinoin therapy, and for 1 month after discontinuing isotretinoin therapy. However, 2 forms of contraception are not required if the patient commits to continuous abstinence from not having any sexual contact with a partner which may result in pregnancy, has undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy, or has been medically confirmed to be post-menopausal. Micro-dosed progesterone preparations ("minipills" that do not contain an estrogen) are an inadequate method of contraception during isotretinoin therapy.
Primary forms Secondary forms
  • Tubal sterilization
  • Male vasectomy
  • Intrauterine device
  • Hormonal (combination oral contraceptives, vaginal systems, vaginal inserts, transdermal systems, injections, or implants)
 Barrier:
  • male latex condom with or without spermicide
  • diaphragm with spermicide
  • cervical cap with spermicide
Other:
  • Vaginal sponge (contains spermicide)

Any birth control method can fail. There have been reports of pregnancy from patients who have used combination oral contraceptives, as well as contraceptive vaginal systems, vaginal inserts, transdermal systems, and injections; these pregnancies occurred while taking isotretinoin. These reports are more frequent for patients who use only a single method of contraception. Therefore, it is critically important that patients who can become pregnant use 2 methods of contraception simultaneously.

A clinical drug interaction study did not show any clinically significant interaction between isotretinoin and norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol; however, it is not known if there is an interaction between isotretinoin with other progestins [see Drug Interactions (7.5)]. Prescribers are advised to consult the prescribing information of any medication administered concomitantly with hormonal contraceptives, since some medications may decrease the effectiveness of these birth control products.

Patients who can become pregnant should be prospectively cautioned not to self-medicate with the herbal supplement St. John's Wort because of a possible interaction with hormonal contraceptives based on reports of breakthrough bleeding on oral contraceptives shortly after starting St. John's Wort. Pregnancies have been reported by users of combined hormonal contraceptives who also used some form of St. John's Wort.

If the patient has unprotected sexual contact with a partner that could result in pregnancy at any time 1 month before, during, or 1 month after therapy, the patient must:
  • Stop taking isotretinoin immediately, if on therapy
  • Have a pregnancy test at least 19 days after the last act of unprotected sexual contact with a partner that could result in pregnancy
  • Start using 2 forms of contraception simultaneously again for 1 month before resuming isotretinoin therapy
  • Have a second pregnancy test after using 2 forms of contraception for 1 month.


Infertility

In a trial of female acne patients (n = 79) receiving another isotretinoin capsule product, the mean total ovarian volume, the total antral follicle count and mean anti-Mullerian hormone decreased at the end of the treatment (sixth month). However, the values returned to normal at the 18th month (12 months after the end of treatment). There were no statistically significant changes in terms of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, both at the end of the treatment and 12 months after the end of treatment. Although the results suggest that possible deteriorative effects of isotretinoin on ovarian reserve may be reversible, the study has important methodological limitations, including a small sample size, lack of a control group, and lack of generalizability.


Sperm Study

In trials of 66 men, 30 of whom were patients with nodular acne under treatment with oral isotretinoin, no significant changes were noted in the count or motility of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. In a study of 50 men (ages 17 to 32 years) receiving isotretinoin therapy for nodular acne, no significant effects were seen on ejaculate volume, sperm count, total sperm motility, morphology or seminal plasma fructose.

8.4Pediatric Use


The safety and effectiveness of isotretinoin for the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne have been established in pediatric subjects ages 12 to 17 years. Use of isotretinoin in this age group for this indication is supported by evidence from a clinical trial (Study 1) that compared the use isotretinoin to another isotretinoin capsule product in 397 pediatric subjects (12 to 17 years) [see Clinical Studies (14)] and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric subjects [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

The safety and effectiveness of isotretinoin in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age have not been established.


Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Subjects

In trials with isotretinoin capsules, adverse reactions reported in pediatric subjects aged 12 to 17 years old were similar to those described in adults except for the increased incidence of back pain and arthralgia (both of which were sometimes severe) and myalgia in pediatric subjects. In a trial of pediatric subjects aged 12 to 17 years old treated with isotretinoin capsules, approximately 29% (104/358) developed back pain. Back pain was severe in 14% (14/104) of the cases and occurred at a higher frequency in female subjects than male subjects. Arthralgias were experienced in 22% (79/358) of pediatric subjects including severe arthralgias in 8% (6/79) of subjects. Appropriate evaluation of the musculoskeletal system should be done in adolescents who present with these symptoms during or after a course of isotretinoin. Consider discontinuing isotretinoin capsules if any significant abnormality is found.


Effects on Bone Mineral Density in Pediatric Subjects

The effect on bone mineral density (BMD) of a 20-week course of therapy with isotretinoin or another isotretinoin capsule product was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial involving 396 adolescents with severe recalcitrant nodular acne (mean age 15.4 years old, range 12 to 17 years old, 80% males). Given that there were no statistically significant differences between the two isotretinoin capsule groups following 20 weeks of treatment, the results are presented for the pooled treatment groups. The mean changes in BMD from baseline for the overall trial population were 1.8% for lumbar spine, -0.1% for total hip and -0.3% for femoral neck. Mean BMD Z-scores declined from baseline at each of these sites (-0.053, -0.109 and -0.104 respectively). Out of 306 adolescents, 27 (9%) had clinically significant BMD declines defined as ≥4% lumbar spine or total hip, or ≥5% femoral neck, including 2 subjects for lumbar spine, 17 for total hip and 20 for femoral neck. Repeat DXA scans within 2 to 3 months after the post treatment scan showed no recovery of BMD. Long-term follow-up at 4 to 11 months showed that 3 out of 7 subjects had total hip and femoral neck BMD below pre-treatment baseline, and 2 others did not show the increase in BMD above baseline expected in this adolescent population. The significance of these changes in regard to long-term bone health and future fracture risk is unknown [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].

In an open-label clinical trial (N=217) of a single course of therapy with isotretinoin capsules for adolescents with severe recalcitrant nodular acne, BMD at several skeletal sites were not significantly decreased (lumbar spine change >-4% and total hip change >-5%) or were increased in the majority of subjects. One patient had a decrease in lumbar spine BMD >4% based on unadjusted data. Sixteen (8%) subjects had decreases in lumbar spine BMD >4%, and all the other subjects (92%) did not have significant decreases or had increases (adjusted for body mass index). Nine subjects (5%) had a decrease in total hip BMD >5% based on unadjusted data. Twenty-one (11%) subjects had decreases in total hip BMD >5%, and all the other subjects (89%) did not have significant decreases or had increases (adjusted for body mass index). Follow-up trials performed in 8 of the subjects with decreased BMD for up to 11 months thereafter demonstrated increasing BMD in 5 subjects at the lumbar spine, while the other 3 subjects had lumbar spine BMD measurements below baseline values. Total hip BMD remained below baseline (range -1.6% to -7.6%) in 5 of 8 subjects (63%).

In a separate open-label extension trial of 10 subjects including those ages 13 to 17 years, who started a second course of isotretinoin capsules 4 months after the first course, two subjects showed a decrease in mean lumbar spine BMD up to 3.3%.


Epiphyseal Closure

There are reports of premature epiphyseal closure in acne patients who used isotretinoin at recommended doses. The effect of multiple courses of isotretinoin on epiphyseal closure is unknown. In a 20-week clinical trial that included 289 adolescents who had hand radiographs taken to assess bone age, a total of 9 subjects had bone age changes that were clinically significant and for which an isotretinoin-related effect cannot be excluded [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].

8.5Geriatric Use


Clinical studies of isotretinoin did not include sufficient numbers of geriatric subjects (subjects aged 65 years of age and older) to determine whether they respond differently from younger adults. Although reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between geriatric and younger adults, effects of aging may increase some risks associated with an isotretinoin therapy.

10overdosage


In humans, isotretinoin overdosage has been associated with vomiting, facial flushing, cheilosis, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and ataxia. These symptoms quickly resolved without apparent residual effects.

Patients who can become pregnant who present with an isotretinoin overdosage should be evaluated for pregnancy. Because an overdosage would be expected to result in higher levels of isotretinoin in semen than found during a normal treatment course, male patients treated with isotretinoin should use a condom, or avoid reproductive sexual activity with a patient who is or might become pregnant, for 1 month after the overdose.

All patients with isotretinoin overdose should not donate blood for at least 1 month.

11description


Isotretinoin capsules, USP contain 40 mg of isotretinoin (a retinoid) in soft gelatin capsules for oral administration. In addition to the active ingredient, isotretinoin USP, each capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxyanisole, disodium edetate, hydrogenated vegetable oil Type I, hydrogenated vegetable oil Type II, soybean oil, vitamin E and yellow wax. The gelatin capsules contain glycerin, iron oxide (red and yellow), ferrosoferric oxide, sorbitol and titanium dioxide.

Chemically, isotretinoin is 13-cis-retinoic acid and is related to both retinoic acid and retinol (vitamin A). It is a yellow to orange crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 300.44. It is practically insoluble in water, soluble in chloroform and sparingly soluble in alcohol and in isopropyl alcohol. The structural formula is:

Meets USP Dissolution Test 6.

12 Clinical Pharmacology


12.1Mechanism of Action


Isotretinoin is a retinoid, which when administered at the recommended dosage [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)], inhibits sebaceous gland function and keratinization. Clinical improvement in nodular acne patients occurs in association with a reduction in sebum secretion. The decrease in sebum secretion is temporary and is related to the dose and duration of treatment with isotretinoin capsules and reflects a reduction in sebaceous gland size and an inhibition of sebaceous gland differentiation. The exact mechanism of action of isotretinoin in the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne is unknown.

12.2Pharmacodynamics


The pharmacodynamics of isotretinoin are unknown.

12.3Pharmacokinetics


No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin between patients with nodular acne and healthy subjects without acne were reported in published literature.


Absorption Following Isotretinoin Administration

The isotretinoin mean Tmax was 6.4 hours under fed conditions and 2.9 hours under fasting conditions following administration of a single 40 mg dose.


Effect on Food

No clinically significant differences in isotretinoin pharmacokinetics were observed following administration with a modified high-fat, high-calorie meal (123.2 calories from protein, 265.6 calories from carbohydrates, and 468 calories from fat; total calories 857 calories) with reduced vitamin A content. The mean AUC0–t and Cmax of isotretinoin were 6095 ng*hr/mL and 369 ng/mL, respectively, following administration of a single 40 mg isotretinoin dose under fed conditions; which were approximately 50% and 26% higher, respectively, compared to fasting conditions. However, isotretinoin may be given with or without meals [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].


Distribution

Isotretinoin is more than 99.9% bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin.


Elimination

The mean elimination half-lives of isotretinoin and its 4-oxo-isotretinoin metabolite were:
  • 18 hours and 38 hours, respectively, after a single oral isotretinoin 40 mg dose.


Metabolism: Isotretinoin is primarily metabolized by CYP2C8, 2C9, 3A4, and 2B6 in vitro. Isotretinoin and its metabolites are further metabolized into conjugates.

Following oral administration of isotretinoin capsules, at least three metabolites (4-oxo-isotretinoin, retinoic acid (tretinoin), and 4-oxo-retinoic acid (4-oxo-tretinoin)) have been identified in human plasma. The extent of formation of all metabolites was higher under fed conditions. All of these metabolites possess retinoid activity in vitro. The clinical significance is unknown.


Excretion: Following oral administration of an 80 mg dose of radiolabeled-isotretinoin as a liquid suspension, the metabolites of isotretinoin were excreted in feces and urine in relatively equal amounts (total of 65% to 83%).


Specific Populations


Pediatric Patients: No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin were observed based on age (12 to 15 years (n=38), and ≥18 years (n=19)). In both age groups, 4-oxo-isotretinoin was the major metabolite; tretinoin and 4-oxo-tretinoin were also observed [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].


Drug Interaction Studies

No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin (CYP2C9 substrate) were observed when used concomitantly with isotretinoin.

13nonclinical Toxicology


13.1Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility


In male and female Fischer 344 rats given oral isotretinoin at dosages of 8 or 32 mg/kg/day (1.3 or 5.3 times the recommended clinical isotretinoin dosage of 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, after normalization for total body surface area) for greater than 18 months, there was a dose-related increased incidence of pheochromocytoma relative to controls. The incidence of adrenal medullary hyperplasia was also increased at the higher dosage in both sexes. The relatively high level of spontaneous pheochromocytomas occurring in the male Fischer 344 rat makes it an equivocal model for study of this tumor; therefore, the relevance of this tumor to humans is uncertain.

The Ames test was conducted with isotretinoin in two laboratories. The results of the tests in one laboratory were negative, while in the second laboratory, a weakly positive response (less than 1.6 times background) was noted in S. typhimurium TA100 when the assay was conducted with metabolic activation. No dose response effect was seen, and all other strains were negative. Additionally, other tests designed to assess genotoxicity (Chinese hamster cell assay, mouse micronucleus test, S. cerevisiae D7 assay, in vitro clastogenesis assay with human-derived lymphocytes, and unscheduled DNA synthesis assay) were all negative.

In rats, no adverse effects on gonadal function, fertility, conception rate, gestation or parturition were observed at oral dosages of isotretinoin of 2, 8, or 32 mg/kg/day (0.3, 1.3, or 5.3 times the recommended clinical isotretinoin dosage of 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, after normalization for total body surface area).

In dogs, testicular atrophy was noted after treatment with oral isotretinoin for approximately 30 weeks at dosages of 20 or 60 mg/kg/day (10 or 30 times the recommended clinical isotretinoin dosage of 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, after normalization for total body surface area). In general, there was microscopic evidence for appreciable depression of spermatogenesis, but some sperm were observed in all testes examined, and in no instance were completely atrophic tubules seen.

13.2Animal Toxicology


In rats given 8 or 32 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin (1.3 or 5.3 times the recommended clinical isotretinoin dosage of 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, after normalization for total body surface area) for 18 months or longer, the incidences of focal calcification, fibrosis and inflammation of the myocardium, calcification of coronary, pulmonary and mesenteric arteries, and metastatic calcification of the gastric mucosa were greater than in control rats of similar age. Focal endocardial and myocardial calcifications associated with calcification of the coronary arteries were observed in two dogs after approximately 6 to 7 months of treatment with isotretinoin at a dosage of 60 to 120 mg/kg/day (30 to 60 times the recommended clinical isotretinoin dosage of 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, after normalization for total body surface area).

14clinical Studies


The effectiveness of isotretinoin for the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne in patients 12 years of age and older has been established and is based on a double-blind, randomized, parallel group trial (Study 1) in subjects with severe recalcitrant nodular acne who received isotretinoin or another isotretinoin capsule product under fed conditions. A total of 925 subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive isotretinoin or another isotretinoin capsule product. Study subjects ranged from 12 to 54 years of age (including 397 pediatric subjects 12 to 17 years old); 60% were male, 40% were female; and the racial groups included 87% White, 4% Black, 6% Asian, and 3% Other. Enrolled subjects had a weight of 40 to 110 kg and had at least 10 nodular lesions on the face and/or trunk. Subjects were treated with an initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for the first 4 weeks, followed by 1 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for the following 16 weeks.

Change from baseline to Week 20 in total nodular lesion count and proportion of subjects with at least a 90% reduction in total nodular lesion count from baseline to Week 20 are presented in Table 3. Total nodular lesion counts by visit are presented in Figure 1. A single course of isotretinoin and another isotretinoin capsule product therapy for 15 to 20 weeks has been shown to result in complete and prolonged remission of acne in many patients.
Table 3: Efficacy Results in Subjects with Severe Recalcitrant Nodular Acne at Week 20 (Study 1)
Isotretinoin N=464 Another Isotretinoin Capsule Product* N=461
Nodular Lesions
Mean Baseline CountMean Reduction 18.4-15.68 17.7-15.62
Subjects Achieving 90% Reduction, n (%) 324 (70%) 344 (75%)
Figure 1: Total Nodular (Facial and Truncal) Lesion Count in Subjects with Severe Recalcitrant Nodular Acne by Visit in Study 1
* Another isotretinoin capsule product.

15references

  • Cinar SL, Kartal D, Aksoy H, et al. Long-term effect of systemic isotretinoin on female fertility. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2017; 36(2):132–134.

16how Supplied/storage And Handling


Isotretinoin capsules, USP 40 mg is supplied as pink-brown, oblong, soft gelatin capsule, containing a yellow/orange opaque viscous liquid, imprinted "575" in black ink. They are supplied as follows:
Box of 30 capsules (3 × 10 Prescription Packs): NDC 0245-0575-01

STORAGE AND HANDLING SECTION


Storage and Handling

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F), excursion permitted between 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light.

17patient Counseling Information


Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).


Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

There is an extremely high risk of life-threatening birth defects when isotretinoin is used in pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Instruct patients who can become pregnant that they must not be pregnant during or up to one month after isotretinoin therapy. Instruct patients to not donate blood during isotretinoin therapy and for 1 month following discontinuation to avoid blood donation to a pregnant patient.


iPLEDGE

Isotretinoin capsules are available only through a restricted program called iPLEDGE [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Inform patients who can become pregnant of the following notable requirements. These patients must:
  • Sign an informed consent form to be enrolled in the program
  • Comply with the pregnancy testing and contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]
  • Demonstrate comprehension of the safe-use conditions of the program every month
  • Obtain the prescription within 7 days of the pregnancy test collection

Inform patients who cannot become pregnant of the following notable requirements. These patients must sign an informed consent form to enroll in the program and they must obtain the prescription within 30 days of the office visit.

Isotretinoin is available only from certified pharmacies participating in the program. Therefore, provide patients with the telephone number and website for information on how to obtain isotretinoin [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].


Lactation

Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from isotretinoin, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with isotretinoin capsules, and for at least 8 days after the last dose of isotretinoin capsules [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].


Psychiatric Disorders

Instruct patients and/or their caregivers/families that isotretinoin may cause depression, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and aggressive or violent behavior. Instruct patients to read the Recognizing Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults brochure prior to taking isotretinoin capsules. Instruct patients to stop isotretinoin capsules and to contact a healthcare provider if they develop any of these signs or symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].


Important Administration Instructions

To decrease the risk of esophageal irritation, instruct patients to swallow the capsules with a full glass of liquid [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].


Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)

Advise patients that intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) has occurred with isotretinoin use including concomitant use with tetracyclines. Thus, advise patients to avoid concomitant use with tetracyclines and to discontinue isotretinoin capsules immediately if they have symptoms of intracranial hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].


Serious Skin Reactions

Advise patients that severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis) have been reported in patients treated with isotretinoin and to discontinue isotretinoin capsules if clinically significant skin reactions occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].


Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Advise patients that inflammatory bowel disease (including regional ileitis) have occurred with isotretinoin use including those without a prior history of IBD and if they experience IBD symptoms, they should discontinue isotretinoin capsules immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)].


Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

Inform patients that:

Inform adolescents and their families that isotretinoin use in adolescents who participated in sports with repetitive impact increase their risk of spondyloulhesis or hip growth plate injuries [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].

Inform pediatric patients and their caregivers that pediatric patients treated with isotretinoin capsules developed back pain including severe back pain, and arthralgias including severe arthralgias [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].


Ocular Abnormalities

Inform patients that they may experience dry eyes, corneal opacities, and decreased night vision and contact lens wearers may experience decreased tolerance to contact lenses during and after therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)].


Rhabdomyolysis

Inform patients there have been rare post-marketing reports of rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with isotretinoin capsules, some associated with strenuous physical activity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)].


Hypersensitivity Reactions

Given that anaphylactic reactions and other allergic reactions have been reported in patients treated with isotretinoin capsules, instruct the patient to discontinue isotretinoin capsules and contact their healthcare provider if they have a severe allergic reaction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].


Lipid Abnormalities

Instruct patients that hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL, and increased cholesterol levels were reported in patients treated with isotretinoin capsules [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].


Additional Instructions

Inform patients:
  • To not share isotretinoin capsules with anyone else because of the risk of birth defects and other serious adverse reactions.
  • That transient exacerbation (flare) of acne has been seen, generally during the initial period of therapy.
  • That wax epilation and skin resurfacing procedures (such as dermabrasion, laser) should be avoided during isotretinoin therapy and for at least 6 months thereafter due to the possibility of scarring.
  • To avoid prolonged exposure to UV rays or sunlight.


Manufactured for UPSHER-SMITH LABORATORIES, LLC Maple Grove, MN 55369

Made in New Zealand

Revised 0222

Spl Medguide Section

MEDICATION GUIDE Isotretinoin (eye'' soe tret' i noyn) Capsules, USP
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Revised 0222
Read the Medication Guide that comes with isotretinoin capsules before you start taking it and each time you get a prescription. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment.
What is the most important information I should know about isotretinoin capsules?
  • Isotretinoin capsules can harm your unborn baby, including birth defects (deformed babies), loss of a baby before birth (miscarriage), death of the baby, and early (premature) births. Patients who are pregnant or who plan to become pregnant must not take isotretinoin capsules. Patients must not get pregnant:
    • for 1 month before starting isotretinoin capsules
    • during treatment with isotretinoin capsules
    • for 1 month after stopping isotretinoin capsules
    If you get pregnant during treatment with isotretinoin capsules, stop taking it right away and call your healthcare provider. Healthcare providers and patients should report all cases of pregnancy during treatment or 1 month after stopping treatment to:
    • FDA MedWatch at 1-800-FDA-1088, and
    • the iPLEDGE Pregnancy Registry at 1-866-495-0654 or www.ipledgeprogram.com
    Because isotretinoin capsules can cause birth defects, isotretinoin capsules are only for patients who can understand and agree to carry out all of the instructions in the iPLEDGE REMS.
  • Serious mental health problems, including:
    • depression
    • psychosis (seeing or hearing things that are not real)
    • suicide. Some patients taking isotretinoin capsules have had thoughts about hurting themselves or putting an end to their own lives (suicidal thoughts). Some people tried to end their own lives. Some people have ended their own lives.
Stop taking isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider right away if you or a family member notices that you have any of the following signs and symptoms of depression or psychosis:
  • start to feel sad or have crying spells
  • lose interest in activities you once enjoyed
  • sleep too much or have trouble sleeping
  • become more irritable, angry, or aggressive than usual (for example, temper outbursts, thoughts of violence)
  • have a change in your appetite or body weight
  • have trouble concentrating
  • withdraw from your friends or family
  • feel like you have no energy
  • have feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • start having thoughts about hurting yourself or taking your own life (suicidal thoughts)
  • start acting on dangerous impulses
  • start seeing or hearing things that are not real
Your healthcare provider may tell you to see a mental healthcare professional if you had any of these symptoms.
What are isotretinoin capsules?
Isotretinoin capsules are prescription medicines used in patients 12 years of age and older, who are not pregnant, for the treatment of severe acne (nodular acne) that cannot be cleared up by any other acne treatments, including antibiotics. Isotretinoin capsules can cause serious side effects (see "What is the most important information I should know about isotretinoin capsules?").
Isotretinoin capsules can only be:
  • prescribed by healthcare providers that are enrolled in the iPLEDGE REMS
  • dispensed by a pharmacy that is enrolled with the iPLEDGE REMS
  • given to patients who are enrolled in the iPLEDGE REMS and agree to do everything required in the program.
It is not known if isotretinoin capsules are safe and effective in children less than 12 years of age.
Do not take isotretinoin capsules if you:
  • are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or become pregnant during isotretinoin capsules treatment. Isotretinoin capsules cause life-threatening birth defects. See "What is the most important information I should know about isotretinoin capsules?"
  • are allergic to isotretinoin, vitamin A, or any of the ingredients in isotretinoin capsules. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete ul of ingredients in isotretinoin capsules.
Before taking isotretinoin capsules, tell your healthcare provider if you or a family member has any of the following health conditions:
  • mental health problems
  • asthma
  • liver problems
  • diabetes
  • heart disease
  • increase blood fat levels (cholesterol and triglycerides)
  • bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones or any other bone problems
  • an eating problem called anorexia nervosa (where people eat too little)
  • food or medicine allergies, including aspirin or tartrazine
Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Do not breastfeed during treatment or for at least 8 days after the last dose of isotretinoin capsules.
Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines you take including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements, including St. John's Wort. isotretinoin capsules and certain other medicines can affect each other, sometimes causing serious side effects.
Do not take the following medicines during treatment with isotretinoin capsules:
  • vitamin A supplements
  • tetracycline antibiotics
Know the medicines you take. Keep a ul of them to show to your healthcare provider and pharmacist. Do not take any new medicine without talking with your healthcare provider.
How should I take isotretinoin capsules?
You must take isotretinoin capsules exactly as prescribed. You must also follow all the instructions of the iPLEDGE REMS. Before prescribing isotretinoin capsules, your healthcare provider will:
  • explain the iPLEDGE REMS to you
  • have you sign the Patient Information/Informed Consent form (for all patients). Patients who can get pregnant must also sign another consent form.
  • give you a pregnancy test to make sure you are not pregnant before you start isotretinoin capsules. You will receive 2 pregnancy tests at least 19 days apart.
You will not be prescribed isotretinoin capsules if you cannot agree to or follow all the instructions of the iPLEDGE REMS.
  • You will get no more than a 30-day supply of isotretinoin capsules at a time. This is to make sure you are following the isotretinoin capsules iPLEDGE REMS.
  • The amount of isotretinoin capsules you take has been specially chosen for you. It is based on your body weight and may change during treatment.
  • Take isotretinoin capsules 2 times a day with or without meals, unless your healthcare provider tells you otherwise. Swallow your isotretinoin capsules whole with a full glass of liquid. Do not chew or suck on the capsule. Isotretinoin capsules can hurt the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach (esophagus) if not swallowed whole.
  • Your healthcare provider will tell you how long you will receive treatment with isotretinoin capsules. Your acne may continue to improve after treatment.
  • If you miss a dose, just skip that dose. Do not take two doses at the same time.
  • If you take too much isotretinoin capsules, call your healthcare provider or poison control center right away.
  • Your acne may get worse when you first start taking isotretinoin capsules. This should last only a short while. Talk with your healthcare provider if this is a concern for you.
  • You must return to your healthcare provider as directed to make sure you don't have signs of serious side effects. Your healthcare provider may do blood tests to check for serious side effects from isotretinoin capsules and may stop treatment if you get certain side effects.
  • Patients who can get pregnant will get a pregnancy test each month, after you finish your course of treatment, and 1 month after you stop treatment with isotretinoin capsules.
  • Patients who can get pregnant must use two separate forms of birth control at the same time for at least 1 month before, during treatment, and for 1 month after treatment with isotretinoin capsules. You must access the iPLEDGE REMS system to answer questions about the program requirements and to enter your two chosen forms of birth control. To access the iPLEDGE REMS system, go to www.ipledgeprogram.com or call 1-866-495-0654. Talk about birth control options with your healthcare provider or go for a free visit to talk about birth control with another healthcare provider or family planning expert. Your healthcare provider can arrange this free visit, which will be paid for by the company that makes isotretinoin capsules. If you have sex at any time without using two forms of birth control 1 month before, during, or 1 month after treatment, get pregnant, or miss your expected period, stop taking isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider right away.
What should I avoid while taking isotretinoin capsules?
  • Do not give blood during treatment with isotretinoin capsules and for one month after stopping isotretinoin capsules. If someone who is pregnant gets your donated blood, their baby may be exposed to isotretinoin and may be born with birth defects.
  • Do not take other medicines or herbal products with isotretinoin capsules unless you talk to your healthcare provider. See "Before taking isotretinoin capsules".
  • Do not drive at night until you know if isotretinoin capsules have affected your vision. Isotretinoin capsules may decrease your ability to see in the dark.
  • Do not have cosmetic procedures to smooth your skin, including waxing, dermabrasion, or laser procedures, during treatment with isotretinoin capsules and for at least 6 months after you stop. Isotretinoin capsules can increase your chance of scarring from these procedures. Check with your healthcare provider for advice about when you can have cosmetic procedures.
  • Avoid sunlight and ultraviolet lights as much as possible. Tanning machines use ultraviolet lights. Isotretinoin capsules may make your skin more sensitive to light.
  • Do not share isotretinoin capsules with other people. Isotretinoin capsules can cause birth defects and other serious health problems.
What are the possible side effects of isotretinoin capsules?
Isotretinoin capsules can cause serious side effects, including:
  • See "What is the most important information I should know about isotretinoin capsules? "
  • increased pressure in the brain (intracranial hypertension). Isotretinoin capsules can increase the pressure in your brain. This can lead to permanent loss of eyesight, and in rare cases, death. Stop taking isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider right away if you get any of these signs of increased brain pressure:
    • bad headache
    • blurred vision
    • dizziness
    • nausea or vomiting
    • seizures (convulsions)
    • stroke
  • serious skin problems. Skin rash can occur in patients taking isotretinoin capsules. Sometimes rash can be serious and may lead to death. Stop using isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider right away if you get:
    • conjunctivitis (red or inflamed eyes, like "pink eye")
    • rash with a fever
    • bulers on legs, arms or face
    • sores in your mouth, throat, nose or eyes
    • peeling of your skin
  • inflammation of your pancreas (pancreatitis) can happen in patients who take isotretinoin capsules and can lead to death. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms of pancreatitis:
    • severe upper stomach (abdomen) pain
    • swelling of your stomach
    • nausea and vomiting
    • fever
  • increased blood fat (lipid) levels. Isotretinoin capsules can raise blood fat levels (cholesterol and triglycerides). Your healthcare provider will do blood tests to check your lipids before and during treatment. These problems usually go away when isotretinoin capsules treatment is finished.
  • hearing problems. Stop using isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider if your hearing gets worse or if you have ringing in your ears. Your hearing loss may be permanent.
  • liver problems, including hepatitis. Your healthcare provider will do tests to check your liver before and during treatment with isotretinoin capsules. Call your healthcare provider if you get:
    • yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes
    • pain on the right side of your stomach area (abdomen)
    • dark urine
    • bleeding or bruising more easily than normal
  • inflammation of your digestive tract (inflammatory bowel disease). Stop taking isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider if you get:
    • severe stomach, chest or bowel pain
    • nausea or vomiting
    • trouble swallowing or painful swallowing
    • new or worsening heartburn
    • diarrhea
    • rectal bleeding
  • bone and muscle problems. Bone problems include bone pain, softening or thinning (which may lead to fractures). Tell your healthcare provider if you plan hard physical activity during treatment with isotretinoin capsules. Tell your healthcare provider if you get:
    • back pain
    • joint pain or muscle pain
    • broken bone. Tell all healthcare providers that you take isotretinoin capsules if you break a bone.
    Stop isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider right away if you have muscle weakness. Muscle weakness with or without pain can be a sign of serious muscle damage. Isotretinoin capsules may stop long bone growth in teenagers who are still growing.
  • vision problems. Stop taking isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider right away if you have any vision changes. isotretinoin capsules may affect your ability to see in the dark. This usually goes away after you stop taking isotretinoin capsules, but it may be permanent. Some patients get dry eyes during treatment. If you wear contact lenses, you may have trouble wearing them during and after you stop treatment with isotretinoin capsules.
  • serious allergic reactions. Stop taking isotretinoin capsules and get emergency medical help right away if you get hives, a swollen face or mouth, or have trouble breathing. Stop taking isotretinoin capsules and call your healthcare provider if you get a fever, rash, or red patches or bruises on your legs.
  • blood sugar problems, including diabetes. Tell your healthcare provider if you are very thirsty or urinate more than usual.
The most common side effects of isotretinoin capsules include:
  • dry lips
  • dry skin
  • back pain
  • dry eyes
  • joint pain
  • nose bleeds
  • headache
  • upper respiratory tract infection (common cold)
  • chapped lips or swelling of the lips
  • skin reactions
  • muscle problems
  • eye problems, including decreased vision
These are not all of the possible side effects of isotretinoin capsules. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC at 1-855-899-9180.
How should I store isotretinoin capsules?
  • Store isotretinoin capsules at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Protect from light.
Keep isotretinoin capsules and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General Information about the safe and effective use of isotretinoin capsules
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those uled in a Medication Guide. Do not use isotretinoin capsules for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give isotretinoin capsules to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about isotretinoin capsules that is written for health professionals. You can also call iPLEDGE REMS at 1-866-495-0654 or visit www.ipledgeprogram.com.
What are the ingredients in isotretinoin capsules?
Active ingredient: isotretinoin
Inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxyanisole, disodium edetate, hydrogenated vegetable oil Type I, hydrogenated vegetable oil Type II, soybean oil, vitamin E and yellow wax. The gelatin capsules contain the following: glycerin, iron oxide (red and yellow), ferrosoferric oxide, sorbitol and titanium dioxide.
Manufactured for UPSHER-SMITH LABORATORIES, LLC Maple Grove, MN 55369
Made in New Zealand
For Medication Guides, please visit www.upsher-smith.com or call 1-888-650-3789.

Principal Display Panel - 40 Mg Capsule Blister Pack Box


NDC 0245-0575-01

IsotretinoinCapsules, USP

40 mg

Each capsule contains:Isotretinoin, USP 40 mg

30 Capsules(3 x 10 Prescription Packs) Rx only

UPSHER-SMITH

Attention Pharmacist:Dispense with enclosedMedication Guide.

CAUSES BIRTH DEFECTSDO NOT GET PREGNANT

Special Instructions to Pharmacists:
  • Only fill isotretinoin after authorization from the iPLEDGE REMS by calling1-866-495-0654 or visiting www.ipledgeprogram.com
  • Dispense no more than a 30-day supply
  • An isotretinoin Medication Guide is included in each Prescription Pack
  • Dispense Prescription Packs intact
  • Do not remove Prescription Packs from carton until dispensed

DISCLAIMER:

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