Lenalidomide Dailymed
Generic: lenalidomide is used for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma Myelodysplastic Syndromes Pregnancy Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
Boxed Warning
Warning: Embryo-fetal Toxicity, Hematologic Toxicity, And Venous And Arterial Thromboembolism
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• Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, caused limb abnormalities in a developmental monkey study similar to birth defects caused by thalidomide in humans. If lenalidomide is used during pregnancy, it may cause birth defects or embryo-fetal death.
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• Pregnancy must be excluded before start of treatment. Prevent pregnancy during treatment by the use of two reliable methods of contraception (5.1).
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Recent Major Changes Section
Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.11) 5/2022
Warning: Embryo-fetal Toxicity, Hematologic Toxicity, And Venous And Arterial Thromboembolism
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Do not use lenalidomide during pregnancy. Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, caused limb abnormalities in a developmental monkey study. Thalidomide is a known human teratogen that causes severe life-threatening human birth defects. If lenalidomide is used during pregnancy, it may cause birth defects or embryo-fetal death. In females of reproductive potential, obtain 2 negative pregnancy tests before starting lenalidomide treatment. Females of reproductive potential must use 2 forms of contraception or continuously abstain from heterosexual sex during and for 4 weeks after lenalidomide treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Medication Guide (17)]. To avoid embryo-fetal exposure to lenalidomide, lenalidomide capsules are only available through a restricted distribution program, the Lenalidomide REMS program (5.2).
Information about the Lenalidomide REMS program is available at www.lenalidomiderems.com or by calling the toll-free number 1-888-423-5436.
Hematologic Toxicity (Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia)
Lenalidomide can cause significant neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Eighty percent of patients with del 5q myelodysplastic syndromes had to have a dose delay/reduction during the major study. Thirty-four percent of patients had to have a second dose delay/reduction. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was seen in 80% of patients enrolled in the study. Patients on therapy for del 5q myelodysplastic syndromes should have their complete blood counts monitored weekly for the first 8 weeks of therapy and at least monthly thereafter. Patients may require dose interruption and/or reduction. Patients may require use of blood product support and/or growth factors [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism
Lenalidomide has demonstrated a significantly increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with multiple myeloma who were treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy. Monitor for and advise patients about signs and symptoms of thromboembolism. Advise patients to seek immediate medical care if they develop symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or arm or leg swelling. Thromboprophylaxis is recommended and the choice of regimen should be based on an assessment of the patient’s underlying risks [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY, HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY, and VENOUS and ARTERIAL THROMBOEMBOLISM
See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY
• Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, caused limb abnormalities in a developmental monkey study similar to birth defects caused by thalidomide in humans. If lenalidomide is used during pregnancy, it may cause birth defects or embryo-fetal death.• Pregnancy must be excluded before start of treatment. Prevent pregnancy during treatment by the use of two reliable methods of contraception (5.1).
Lenalidomide capsules are available only through a restricted distribution program, called the Lenalidomide REMS program (5.2, 17).
HEMATOLOGIC TOXICITY. Lenalidomide capsules can cause significant neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (5.3).
VENOUS AND ARTERIAL THROMBOEMBOLISM
Significantly increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with multiple myeloma receiving lenalidomide capsules with dexamethasone. Anti-thrombotic prophylaxis is recommended (5.4).
1 Indications And Usage
Lenalidomide capsules are thalidomide analogue indicated for the treatment of adult patients with:
• Multiple myeloma (MM), in combination with dexamethasone (1.1).• MM, as maintenance following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) (1.1).• Transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with a deletion 5q abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities (1.2).• Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) whose disease has relapsed or progressed after two prior therapies, one of which included bortezomib (1.3).• Previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL), in combination with a rituximab product (1.4).• Previously treated marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), in combination with a rituximab product (1.5).
Limitations of Use:
• Lenalidomide capsule is not indicated and is not recommended for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) outside of controlled clinical trials (1.4).1.1 Multiple Myeloma
Lenalidomide capsules in combination with dexamethasone are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma (MM).
Lenalidomide capsules are indicated as maintenance therapy in adult patients with MM following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT).
1.2 Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Lenalidomide capsules are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities.
1.3 Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Lenalidomide capsules are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) whose disease has relapsed or progressed after two prior therapies, one of which included bortezomib.
1.4 Follicular Lymphoma
Lenalidomide capsules in combination with a rituximab product, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL).
1.5 Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Lenalidomide capsules in combination with a rituximab product, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated marginal zone lymphoma (MZL).
1.6 Limitations of Use
Lenalidomide capsulesare not indicated and are not recommended for the treatment of patients with CLL outside of controlled clinical trials [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
2 Dosage And Administration
• MM combination therapy: 25 mg once daily orally on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles. (2.1).• MM maintenance therapy following auto-HSCT: 10 mg once daily continuously on Days 1-28 of repeated 28-day cycles (2.1).• MDS: 10 mg once daily (2.2).• MCL: 25 mg once daily orally on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles (2.3).• FL or MZL: 20 mg once daily orally on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles for up to 12 cycles (2.4).• Renal impairment: Adjust starting dose based on the creatinine clearance value (2.6).• For concomitant therapy doses, see Full Prescribing Information (2.1, 2.4, 14.1, 14.4).2.1 Recommended Dosage for Multiple Myeloma
Lenalidomide capsules Combination Therapy
The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 25 mg orally once daily on Days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles in combination with dexamethasone. Refer to Section 14.1 for specific dexamethasone dosing. For patients greater than 75 years old, the starting dose of dexamethasone may be reduced [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Treatment should be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.In patients who are not eligible for auto-HSCT, treatment should continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. For patients who are auto-HSCT-eligible, hematopoietic stem cell mobilization should occur within 4 cycles of a lenalidomide capsules-containing therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Toxicities During MM TreatmentDose modification guidelines, as summarized in Table 1 below, are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide capsules.
Table 1: Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Toxicities for MM Platelet counts
Thrombocytopenia in MM
When Platelets Recommended Course Days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycle Fall below 30,000/mcLReturn to at least 30,000/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment, follow CBC weekly Resume lenalidomide capsules at next lower dose. Do not dose below 2.5 mg daily For each subsequent drop below 30,000/mcLReturn to at least 30,000/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatmentResume lenalidomide capsules at next lower dose. Do not dose below 2.5 mg daily
Absolute Neutrophil counts (ANC)
Neutropenia in MM When Neutrophils Recommended Course Days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycle Fall below 1,000/mcLReturn to at least 1,000/mcL and neutropenia is the only toxicity Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment, follow CBC weeklyResume lenalidomide capsules at 25 mg daily or initial starting dose Return to at least 1,000/mcL and if other toxicity Resume lenalidomide capsules at next lower dose. Do not dose below 2.5 mg daily For each subsequent drop below 1,000/mcLReturn to at least 1,000/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatmentResume lenalidomide capsules at next lower dose. Do not dose below 2.5 mg daily
Lenalidomide Capsules Maintenance Therapy Following Auto-HSCT Following auto-HSCT, initiate lenalidomide capsules maintenance therapy after adequate hematologic recovery (ANC at least 1,000/mcL and/or platelet counts at least 75,000/mcL). The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 10 mg once daily continuously (Days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After 3 cycles of maintenance therapy, the dose can be increased to 15 mg once daily if tolerated.Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Toxicities During MM TreatmentDose modification guidelines, as summarized in Table 2 below, are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide capsules.
Table 2: Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Toxicities for MM Platelet counts Thrombocytopenia in MM
When Platelets Recommended Course Fall below 30,000/mcLReturn to at least 30,000/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment, follow CBC weeklyResume lenalidomide capsules at next lower dose, continuously for Days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycle If at the 5 mg daily dose,For a subsequent drop below 30,000/mcLReturn to at least 30,000/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment. Do not dose below 5 mg daily for Day 1 to 21 of 28 day cycleResume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg daily for Days 1 to 21 of28-day cycle. Do not dose below 5 mg daily for Day 1 to 21 of 28 day cycle
Absolute Neutrophil counts (ANC) Neutropenia in MM
When Neutrophils Recommended Course Fall below 500/mcLReturn to at least 500/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment, follow CBC weeklyResume lenalidomide capsules at next lower dose, continuously for Days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycle If at 5 mg daily dose,For a subsequent drop below 500/mcLReturn to at least 500/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment. Do not dose below 5 mg daily for Days 1 to 21 of 28-day cycleResume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg daily for Days 1 to 21 of28-day cycle. Do not dose below 5 mg daily for Days 1 to 21 of 28-day cycle 2.2 Recommended Dosage for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 10 mg daily. Treatment is continued or modified based upon clinical and laboratory findings. Continue treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Toxicities During MDS Treatment
Patients who are dosed initially at 10 mg and who experience thrombocytopenia should have their dosage adjusted as follows:
Platelet counts
If thrombocytopenia develops WITHIN 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS
If baseline is at least 100,000/mcL When Platelets Recommended Course Fall below 50,000/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment Return to at least 50,000/mcL Resume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg daily If baseline is below 100,000/mcL When Platelets Recommended Course Fall to 50% of the baseline value Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment If baseline is at least 60,000/mcL and returns to at least 50,000/mcL Resume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg daily If baseline is below 60,000/mcL and returns to at least 30,000/mcL Resume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg daily
If thrombocytopenia develops AFTER 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS
When Platelets Recommended Course Fall below 30,000/mcL or below 50,000/mcL with platelet transfusions Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment Return to at least 30,000/mcL (without hemostatic failure) Resume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg daily
Patients who experience thrombocytopenia at 5 mg daily should have their dosage adjusted as follows:If thrombocytopenia develops during treatment at 5 mg daily in MDS
When Platelets Recommended Course Fall below 30,000/mcL or below 50,000/mcL with platelet transfusions Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment Return to at least 30,000/mcL (without hemostatic failure) Resume lenalidomide capsules at 2.5 mg daily
Patients who are dosed initially at 10 mg and experience neutropenia should have their dosage adjusted as follows: Absolute Neutrophil counts (ANC) If neutropenia develops WITHIN 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS
If baseline ANC is at least 1,000/mcL When Neutrophils Recommended Course Fall below 750/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsulestreatment Return to at least 1,000/mcL Resume lenalidomide capsulesat 5 mg daily If baseline ANC is below 1,000/mcL When Neutrophils Recommended Course Fall below 500/mcL Interrupt lenalidomide capsulestreatment Return to at least 500/mcL Resume lenalidomide capsulesat 5 mg daily
If neutropenia develops AFTER 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS
When Neutrophils Recommended Course Fall below 500/mcL for at least 7 days or below 500/mcL associated with fever (at least 38.5°C) Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment Return to at least 500/mcL Resume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg daily
Patients who experience neutropenia at 5 mg daily should have their dosage adjusted as follows:If neutropenia develops during treatment at 5 mg daily in MDS
When Neutrophils Recommended Course Fall below 500/mcL for at least 7 days or below 500/mcL associated with fever (at least 38.5°C) Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment Return to at least 500/mcL Resume lenalidomide capsules at 2.5 mg daily 2.3 Recommended Dosage for Mantle Cell Lymphoma
The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 25 mg/day orally on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Treatment should be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Treatment is continued, modified or discontinued based upon clinical and laboratory findings.
Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Toxicities During MCL Treatment
Dose modification guidelines as summarized below are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicities considered to be related to lenalidomide capsules.
Platelet counts
Thrombocytopenia during treatment in MCL
When Platelets
Recommended Course
Fall below 50,000/mcL
Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment and follow CBC weekly
Return to at least 50,000/mcL
Resume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg less than the previous dose. Do not dose below 5 mg daily
Absolute Neutrophil counts (ANC)
Neutropenia during treatment in MCL
When Neutrophils
Recommended Course
Fall below 1000/mcL for at least 7 days
OR
Falls below 1,000/mcL with an associated temperature at least 38.5°C
OR
Falls below 500/mcL
Interrupt lenalidomide capsules treatment and follow CBC weekly
Return to at least 1,000/mcL
Resume lenalidomide capsules at 5 mg less than the previous dose. Do not dose below 5 mg daily
2.4 Recommended Dosage for Follicular Lymphoma or Marginal Zone Lymphoma
The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 20 mg orally once daily on Days 1 to 21 of repeated 28-day cycles for up to 12 cycles of treatment in combination with a rituximab-product. Refer to Section 14.4 for specific rituximab dosing from the AUGMENT trial. For dose adjustments due to toxicity with rituximab, refer to the product prescribing information.
Dose Adjustments for Hematologic Toxicities during FL or MZL Treatment
Dose modification guidelines, as summarized below, are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide capsules.
Platelet counts
Thrombocytopenia during treatment in FL or MZL
When Platelets
Recommended Course
Fall below 50,000/mcL
Interrupt lenalidomide treatment and follow CBC weekly.
Return to at least 50,000/mcL
If patient starting dose was 20 mg daily, resume lenalidomide at 5 mg less than the previous dose. Do not dose below 5 mg daily.
If patient starting dose was 10 mg daily, resume at 5 mg less than previous dose. Do not dose below 2.5 mg daily.
Absolute Neutrophil counts (ANC)
Neutropenia during treatment in FL or MZL
When Neutrophils
Recommended Course
Fall below 1,000/mcL for at least 7 days
OR
Falls below 1,000/mcL with an associated temperature at least 38.5°C
OR
Falls below 500 /mcL
Interrupt lenalidomide treatment and follow CBC weekly.
Return to at least 1,000/mcL
If patient starting dose was 20 mg daily, resume lenalidomide at 5 mg less than the previous dose. Do not dose below 5 mg daily.
If patient starting dose was 10 mg daily, resume at 5 mg less than previous dose. Do not dose below 2.5 mg daily.
2.5 Dosage Modifications for Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions
For non-hematologic Grade 3/4 toxicities judged to be related to lenalidomide, hold treatment and restart at the physician's discretion at next lower dose level when toxicity has resolved to Grade 2 or below.
Permanently discontinue lenalidomide capsules for angioedema, anaphylaxis, Grade 4 rash, skin exfoliation, bullae, or any other severe dermatologic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9, 5.15)].
2.6 Recommended Dosage for Patients with Renal Impairment
The recommendations for dosing patients with renal impairment are shown in the following table [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Table 3: Dose Adjustments for Patients with Renal Impairment
Renal Function
(Cockcroft-Gault)
Dose in Lenalidomide Combination
Therapy for MM and MCL
Dose in Lenalidomide Combination
Therapy for FL and MZL
Dose in Lenalidomide Maintenance
Therapy Following Auto-HSCT for
MM and for MDS
CLcr 30 to 60 mL/min
10 mg once daily
10 mg once daily
5 mg once daily
CLcr below 30 mL/min (not requiring dialysis)
15 mg every other day
5 mg once daily
2.5 mg once daily
CLcr below 30 mL/min (requiring dialysis)
5 mg once daily. On dialysis days, administer the dose following dialysis.
5 mg once daily. On dialysis days, administer the dose following dialysis.
2.5 mg once daily. On dialysis days, administer the dose following dialysis.
Lenalidomide Capsules Combination Therapy for MM: For CLcr of 30 to 60 mL/min, consider escalating the dose to 15 mg after 2 cycles if the patient tolerates the 10 mg dose of lenalidomide without dose-limiting toxicity.
Lenalidomide Capsules Maintenance Therapy Following Auto-HSCT for MM and for MCL and MDS: Base subsequent lenalidomide capsules dose increase or decrease on individual patient treatment tolerance [see Dosage and Administration (2.1 to 2.3)].
Lenalidomide Capsules Combination Therapy for FL or for MZL: For patients with CLcr of 30 to 60 mL/min, after 2 cycles, the lenalidomide capsules dose may be increased to 15 mg orally if the patient has tolerated therapy.
2.7 Administration
Advise patients to take lenalidomide capsules orally at about the same time each day, either with or without food. Advise patients to swallow lenalidomide capsules whole with water and not to open, break, or chew them.
3 Dosage Forms And Strengths
Lenalidomide is available in the following capsule strengths:
2.5 mg: Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in green band on cap and “78” in green band on body containing white to off white granular powder.5 mg: Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body imprinted with “RL” on cap and “79” on body with black ink containing white to off white granular powder.10 mg: Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in green band on cap and “80” in yellow band on body containing white to off white granular powder.15 mg: Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in blue band on cap and “81” in blue band on body containing white to off white granular powder.20 mg: Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in green band on cap and “82” in blue band on body containing white to off white granular powder.25 mg: Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body imprinted with “RL” on cap and “83” on body with black ink containing white to off white granular powder.
Capsules: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg and 25 mg
4 Contraindications
• Pregnancy (Boxed Warning, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1).• Demonstrated severe hypersensitivity to lenalidomide (4.2, 5.9, 5.15).4.1 Pregnancy
Lenalidomide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female. Limb abnormalities were seen in the offspring of monkeys that were dosed with lenalidomide during organogenesis. This effect was seen at all doses tested. Due to the results of this developmental monkey study, and lenalidomide’s structural similarities to thalidomide, a known human teratogen, lenalidomide is contraindicated in females who are pregnant [see Boxed Warning]. If this drug is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential risk to a fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2), Use in Special Populations (8.1, 8.3)]. 4.2 Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions
Lenalidomide is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated severe hypersensitivity (e.g., angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) to lenalidomide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9, 5.15)].
5 Warnings And Precautions
• Increased Mortality: serious and fatal cardiac adverse reactions occurred in patients with CLL treated with lenalidomide (5.5).• Second Primary Malignancies (SPM): Higher incidences of SPM were observed in controlled trials of patients with MM receiving lenalidomide (5.6).• Increased Mortality: Observed in patients with MM when pembrolizumab was added to dexamethasone and a thalidomide analogue (5.7).• Hepatotoxicity: Hepatic failure including fatalities; monitor liver function. Stop lenalidomide and evaluate if hepatotoxicity is suspected (5.8).• Severe Cutaneous Reactions: Discontinue lenalidomide for severe reactions (5.9).• Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) including fatalities: Monitor patients at risk of TLS (i.e., those with high tumor burden) and take appropriate precautions (5.10).• Tumor flare reaction: Serious tumor flare reactions, including fatal reactions, have occurred during investigational use of lenalidomide for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma (5.11).• Impaired Stem Cell mobilization: A decrease in the number of CD34+ cells collected after treatment (> 4 cycles) with lenalidomide has been reported. Consider early referral to transplant center (5.12).• Early mortality in MCL: Higher rate of early deaths have occurred in patients with MCL (5.14).• Hypersensitivity: Monitor patients for potential hypersensitivity. Discontinue lenalidomide for angioedema and anaphylaxis (5.15).5.1 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analogue and is contraindicated for use during pregnancy. Thalidomide is a known human teratogen that causes life-threatening human birth defects or embryo-fetal death [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. An embryo-fetal development study in monkeys indicates that lenalidomide produced malformations in the offspring of female monkeys who received the drug during pregnancy, similar to birth defects observed in humans following exposure to thalidomide during pregnancy.Lenalidomide capsules are only available through the Lenalidomide REMS program [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Females of Reproductive PotentialFemales of reproductive potential must avoid pregnancy for at least 4 weeks before beginning lenalidomide therapy, during therapy, during dose interruptions and for at least 4 weeks after completing therapy.Females must commit either to abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse or to use two methods of reliable birth control, beginning 4 weeks prior to initiating treatment with lenalidomide, during therapy, during dose interruptions and continuing for 4 weeks following discontinuation of lenalidomide therapy.Two negative pregnancy tests must be obtained prior to initiating therapy. The first test should be performed within 10 to 14 days and the second test within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide therapy and then weekly during the first month, then monthly thereafter in females with regular menstrual cycles or every 2 weeks in females with irregular menstrual cycles [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].Males Lenalidomide is present in the semen of patients receiving the drug. Therefore, males must always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with females of reproductive potential while taking lenalidomide and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy. Male patients taking lenalidomide must not donate sperm and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)]. Blood DonationPatients must not donate blood during treatment with lenalidomide and for 4 weeks following discontinuation of the drug because the blood might be given to a pregnant female patient whose fetus must not be exposed to lenalidomide.
5.2 Lenalidomide REMS Program
Because of the embryo-fetal risk [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], lenalidomide capsules are available only through arestricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) , the Lenalidomide REMS program.
Required components of the Lenalidomide REMS program include the following:
• Prescribers must be certified with the Lenalidomide REMS program by enrolling and complying with the REMS requirements.• Patients must sign a Patient-Physician agreement form and comply with the REMS requirements. In particular, female patients of reproductive potential who are not pregnant must comply with the pregnancy testing and contraceptionrequirements [see Use inSpecific Populations (8.3)] and males must comply with contraception requirements [seeUse in Specific Populations (8.3)].• Pharmacies must be certified with the Lenalidomide REMS program, must only dispense to patients who are authorized to receive lenalidomide capsules and comply with REMS requirements.
Further information about the Lenalidomide REMS program is available at www.lenalidomiderems.com or by telephone at 1-888-423-5436. 5.3 Hematologic Toxicity
Lenalidomide can cause significant neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Monitor patients with neutropenia for signs of infection. Advise patients to observe for bleeding or bruising, especially with use of concomitant medication that may increase risk of bleeding. Patients taking lenalidomide should have their complete blood counts assessed periodically as described below [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)].Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone or as lenalidomide maintenance therapy for MM every 7 days (weekly) for the first 2 cycles, on Days 1 and 15 of Cycle 3, and every 28 days (4 weeks) thereafter. A dose interruption and/or dose reduction may be required [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. In the MM maintenance therapy trials, Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in up to 59% of lenalidomide-treated patients and Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia in up to 38% of lenalidomide-treated patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide for MDS weekly for the first 8 weeks and at least monthly thereafter. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was seen in 80% of patients enrolled in the MDS study. In the 48% of patients who developed Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, the median time to onset was 42 days (range, 14 to 411 days), and the median time to documented recovery was 17 days (range, 2 to 170 days). In the 54% of patients who developed Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, the median time to onset was 28 days (range, 8 to 290 days), and the median time to documented recovery was 22 days (range, 5 to 224 days) [see Boxed Warning and Dosage and Administration (2.2)].Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide for MCL weekly for the first cycle (28 days), every 2 weeks during cycles 2 to 4, and then monthly thereafter. Patients may require dose interruption and/or dose reduction. In the MCL trial, Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 43% of the patients. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was reported in 28% of the patients.Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide for FL or MZL weekly for the first 3 weeks of Cycle 1 (28 days), every 2 weeks during Cycles 2 to 4, and then monthly thereafter. Patients may require dose interruption and/or dose reduction. In the AUGMENT and MAGNIFY trials, Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 50% and 33%, respectively, of patients in the lenalidomide /rituximab arm. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was reported in 2% and 8%, respectively, of patients in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
5.4 Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism
Venous thromboembolic events (VTE [DVT and PE]) and arterial thromboembolic events (ATE, myocardial infarction and stroke) are increased in patients treated with lenalidomide.
A significantly increased risk of DVT (7.4%) and of PE (3.7%) occurred in patients with MM after at least one prior therapy who were treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy compared to patients treated in the placebo and dexamethasone group (3.1% and 0.9%) in clinical trials with varying use of anticoagulant therapies. In the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) study in which nearly all patients received antithrombotic prophylaxis, DVT was reported as a serious adverse reaction (3.6%, 2.0%, and 1.7%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively. The frequency of serious adverse reactions of PE was similar between the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms (3.8%, 2.8%, and 3.7%, respectively) [see Boxed Warning and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Myocardial infarction (1.7%) and stroke (CVA) (2.3%) are increased in patients with MM after at least one prior therapy who were treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy compared to patients treated with placebo and dexamethasone (0.6%, and 0.9%) in clinical trials. In the NDMM study, myocardial infarction (including acute) was reported as a serious adverse reaction (2.3%, 0.6%, and 1.1%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively. The frequency of serious adverse reactions of CVA was similar between the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms (0.8%, 0.6 %, and 0.6%, respectively) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Patients with known risk factors, including prior thrombosis, may be at greater risk and actions should be taken to try to minimize all modifiable factors (e.g. hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking).
In controlled clinical trials that did not use concomitant thromboprophylaxis, 21.5% overall thrombotic events (Standardized MedDRA Query Embolic and Thrombotic events) occurred in patients with refractory and relapsed MM who were treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone compared to 8.3% thrombosis in patients treated with placebo and dexamethasone. The median time to first thrombosis event was 2.8 months. In the NDMM study in which nearly all patients received antithrombotic prophylaxis, the overall frequency of thrombotic events was 17.4% in patients in the combined Rd Continuous and Rd18 Arms, and was 11.6% in the MPT Arm. The median time to first thrombosis event was 4.3 months in the combined Rd Continuous and Rd18 Arms.
In the AUGMENT trial, the incidence of VTE (including DVT and PE) in FL or MZL patients was 3.4% in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. In the AUGMENT trial, the incidence of ATE (including MI) in FL or MZL patients was 0.6% in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Thromboprophylaxis is recommended. The regimen of thromboprophylaxis should be based on an assessment of the patient’s underlying risks. Instruct patients to report immediately any signs and symptoms suggestive of thrombotic events. ESAs and estrogens may further increase the risk of thrombosis and their use should be based on a benefit-risk decision in patients receiving lenalidomide [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
5.5 Increased Mortality in Patients with CLL
In a prospective randomized (1:1) clinical trial in the first line treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, single agent lenalidomide therapy increased the risk of death as compared to single agent chlorambucil. In an interim analysis, there were 34 deaths among 210 patients on the lenalidomide treatment arm compared to 18 deaths among 211 patients in the chlorambucil treatment arm, and hazard ratio for overall survival was 1.92 [95% CI: 1.08 – 3.41], consistent with a 92% increase in the risk of death. The trial was halted for safety in July 2013.
Serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, including atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and cardiac failure occurred more frequently in the lenalidomide treatment arm. Lenalidomide is not indicated and not recommended for use in CLL outside of controlled clinical trials.
5.6 Second Primary Malignancies
In clinical trials in patients with MM receiving lenalidomide, an increase of hematologic plus solid tumor second primary malignancies (SPM) notably AML and MDS have been observed. An increase in hematologic SPM including AML and MDS occurred in 5.3% of patients with NDMM receiving lenalidomide in combination with oral melphalan compared with 1.3% of patients receiving melphalan without lenalidomide. The frequency of AML and MDS cases in patients with NDMM treated with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone without melphalan was 0.4%.
In patients receiving lenalidomide maintenance therapy following high dose intravenous melphalan and auto-HSCT, hematologic SPM occurred in 7.5% of patients compared to 3.3% in patients receiving placebo. The incidence of hematologic plus solid tumor (excluding squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) SPM was 14.9%, compared to 8.8% in patients receiving placebo with a median follow-up of 91.5 months. Non-melanoma skin cancer SPM, including squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, occurred in 3.9% of patients receiving lenalidomide maintenance, compared to 2.6% in the placebo arm.
In patients with relapsed or refractory MM treated with lenalidomide/dexamethasone, the incidence of hematologic plus solid tumor (excluding squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) SPM was 2.3% versus 0.6% in the dexamethasone alone arm. Non-melanoma skin cancer SPM, including squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, occurred in 3.1% of patients receiving lenalidomide/dexamethasone, compared to 0.6% in the dexamethasone alone arm.
Patients who received lenalidomide-containing therapy until disease progression did not show a higher incidence of invasive SPM than patients treated in the fixed duration lenalidomide-containing arms. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies. Take into account both the potential benefit of lenalidomide and the risk of second primary malignancies when considering treatment with lenalidomide.
In the AUGMENT trial with FL or MZL patients receiving lenalidomide/rituximab therapy, hematologic plus solid tumor SPMs, notably AML, have been observed. In the AUGMENT trial, hematologic SPM of AML occurred in 0.6% of patients with FL or MZL receiving lenalidomide/rituximab therapy. The incidence of hematologic plus solid tumor SPMs (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) was 1.7% in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm with a median follow-up of 29.8 months (range 0.5 to 51.3 months) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies. Take into account both the potential benefit of lenalidomide and the risk of second primary malignancies when considering treatment with lenalidomide.
5.7 Increased Mortality in Patients with MM When Pembrolizumab Is Added to a Thalidomide Analogue and Dexamethasone
In two randomized clinical trials in patients with MM, the addition of pembrolizumab to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone, a use for which no PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody is indicated, resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of patients with MM with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in combination with a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials.
5.8 Hepatotoxicity
Hepatic failure, including fatal cases, has occurred in patients treated with lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone. In clinical trials, 15% of patients experienced hepatotoxicity (with hepatocellular, cholestatic and mixed characteristics); 2% of patients with MM and 1% of patients with myelodysplasia had serious hepatotoxicity events. The mechanism of drug-induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. Pre-existing viral liver disease, elevated baseline liver enzymes, and concomitant medications may be risk factors. Monitor liver enzymes periodically. Stop lenalidomide upon elevation of liver enzymes. After return to baseline values, treatment at a lower dose may be considered.
5.9 Severe Cutaneous Reactions
Severe cutaneous reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have been reported. DRESS may present with a cutaneous reaction (such as rash or exfoliative dermatitis), eosinophilia, fever, and/or lymphadenopathy with systemic complications such as hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and/or pericarditis. These events can be fatal. Patients with a prior history of Grade 4 rash associated with thalidomide treatment should not receive lenalidomide. Consider lenalidomide interruption or discontinuation for Grade 2-3 skin rash. Permanently discontinue lenalidomide for Grade 4 rash, exfoliative or bullous rash, or for other severe cutaneous reactions such as SJS, TEN or DRESS [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].
5.10 Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Fatal instances of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) have been reported during treatment with lenalidomide. The patients at risk of TLS are those with high tumor burden prior to treatment. Monitor patients at risk closely and take appropriate preventive approaches. In the AUGMENT trial in FL or MZL patients, TLS occurred in 2 patients (1.1%) in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm. TLS occurred in 1 patient (0.5%) in the MAGNIFY trial during the lenalidomide/rituximab induction period; the event was a serious, Grade 3 adverse reaction.
5.11 Tumor Flare Reaction
Tumor flare reaction (TFR), including fatal reactions, have occurred during investigational use of lenalidomide for CLL and lymphoma, and is characterized by tender lymph node swelling, low grade fever, pain and rash. Lenalidomide is not indicated and not recommended for use in CLL outside of controlled clinical trials.
Monitoring and evaluation for TFR is recommended in patients with MCL, FL, or MZL. Tumor flare reaction may mimic progression of disease (PD).
In the MCL trial, 13/134 (10%) of subjects experienced TFR; all reports were Grade 1 or 2 in severity. All of the events occurred in Cycle 1 and one patient developed TFR again in Cycle 11. In the AUGMENT trial in FL or MZL patients, TFR was reported in 19/176 (10.8%) of patients in lenalidomide with rituximab arm; one patient in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm experienced a Grade 3 TFR. In the MAGNIFY trial, 9/222 (4.1%) of patients experienced TFR; all reports were Grade 1 or 2 in severity and 1 event was considered as serious. In a separate MCL phase 2 trial, one case of TFR resulted in a fatal outcome.
Lenalidomide may be continued in patients with Grade 1 and 2 TFR without interruption or modification, at the physician’s discretion. Patients with Grade 1 and 2 TFR may also be treated with corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or narcotic analgesics for management of TFR symptoms. In patients with Grade 3 or 4 TFR, it is recommended to withhold treatment with lenalidomide until TFR resolves to ≤ Grade 1. Patients with Grade 3 or 4 TFR may be treated for management of symptoms per the guidance for treatment of Grade 1 and 2 TFR.
5.12 Impaired Stem Cell Mobilization
A decrease in the number of CD34+ cells collected after treatment (> 4 cycles) with lenalidomide has been reported. In patients who are auto-HSCT candidates, referral to a transplant center should occur early in treatment to optimize the timing of the stem cell collection. In patients who received more than 4 cycles of a lenalidomide- containing treatment or for whom inadequate numbers of CD 34+ cells have been collected with G-CSF alone, G-CSF with cyclophosphamide or the combination of G- CSF with a CXCR4 inhibitor may be considered.
5.13 Thyroid Disorders
Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Measure thyroid function before start of lenalidomide treatment and during therapy.
5.14 Early Mortality in Patients with MCL
In another MCL study, there was an increase in early deaths (within 20 weeks), 12.9% in the lenalidomide arm versus 7.1% in the control arm. On exploratory multivariate analysis, risk factors for early deaths include high tumor burden, MIPI score at diagnosis, and high WBC at baseline (≥ 10 x 109/L).
5.15Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity, including angioedema, anaphylaxis, and anaphylactic reactions to lenalidomide has been reported. Permanently discontinue lenalidomide for angioedema and anaphylaxis [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
6 Adverse Reactions
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described in detail in other sections of the prescribing information:
• Embryo-Fetal Toxicity [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]• Hematologic Toxicity [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]• Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]• Increased Mortality in Patients with CLL [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]• Second Primary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]• Increased Mortality in Patients with MM When Pembrolizumab Is Added to a Thalidomide Analogue and Dexamethasone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]• Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]• Severe Cutaneous Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]• Tumor Lysis Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]• Tumor Flare Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]• Impaired Stem Cell Mobilization [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)]• Thyroid Disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)]• Early Mortality in Patients with MCL [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)]• Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)]
• MM: Most common adverse reactions (≥20%) include diarrhea, fatigue, anemia, constipation, neutropenia, leukopenia, peripheral edema, insomnia, muscle cramp/spasms, abdominal pain, back pain, nausea, asthenia, pyrexia, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, nasopharyngitis, gastroenteritis, cough, rash, dyspnea, dizziness, decreased appetite, thrombocytopenia, and tremor (6.1).• MDS: Most common adverse reactions (> 15%) include thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, diarrhea, pruritus, rash, fatigue, constipation, nausea, nasopharyngitis, arthralgia, pyrexia, back pain, peripheral edema, cough, dizziness, headache, muscle cramp, dyspnea, pharyngitis, and epistaxis (6.1).• Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL: MCL, FL or MZL): Most common adverse reactions (≥15%) included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, fatigue, pyrexia, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, and rash (6.1).
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Inc. at 1-800-818-4555 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 orwww.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.Newly Diagnosed MM – Lenalidomide Combination Therapy:Data were evaluated from 1613 patients in a large phase 3 study who received at least one dose of lenalidomide with low dose dexamethasone (Rd) given for 2 different durations of time (i.e., until progressive disease [Arm Rd Continuous; N = 532] or for up to eighteen 28-day cycles [72 weeks, Arm Rd18; N = 540] or who received melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (Arm MPT; N = 541) for a maximum of twelve 42-day cycles (72 weeks). The median treatment duration in the Rd Continuous arm was 80.2 weeks (range 0.7 to 246.7) or 18.4 months (range 0.16 to 56.7).In general, the most frequently reported adverse reactions were comparable in Arm Rd Continuous and Arm Rd18, and included diarrhea, anemia, constipation, peripheral edema, neutropenia, fatigue, back pain, nausea, asthenia, and insomnia. The most frequently reported Grade 3 or 4 reactions included neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pneumonia, asthenia, fatigue, back pain, hypokalemia, rash, cataract, lymphopenia, dyspnea, DVT, hyperglycemia, and leukopenia. The highest frequency of infections occurred in Arm Rd Continuous (75%) compared to Arm MPT (56%). There were more grade 3 and 4 and serious adverse reactions of infection in Arm Rd Continuous than either Arm MPT or Rd18.In the Rd Continuous arm, the most common adverse reactions leading to dose interruption of lenalidomide were infection events (28.8%); overall, the median time to the first dose interruption of lenalidomide was 7 weeks. The most common adverse reactions leading to dose reduction of lenalidomide in the Rd Continuous arm were hematologic events (10.7%); overall, the median time to the first dose reduction of lenalidomide was 16 weeks. In the Rd Continuous arm, the most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of lenalidomide were infection events (3.4%).In both Rd arms, the frequencies of onset of adverse reactions were generally highest in the first 6 months of treatment and then the frequencies decreased over time or remained stable throughout treatment, except for cataracts. The frequency of onset of cataracts increased over time with 0.7% during the first 6 months and up to 9.6% by the 2nd year of treatment with Rd Continuous.Table 4 summarizes the adverse reactions reported for the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT treatment arms.Table 4: All Adverse Reactions in ≥5% and Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions in ≥1% of Patients with MM in the Rd Continuous or Rd18 Arms*
Body SystemAdverse Reaction All Adverse Reactionsa Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactionsb Rd Continuous (N = 532) Rd18 (N = 540) MPT (N = 541) Rd Continuous (N = 532) Rd18 (N = 540) MPT (N = 541) General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue% 173 (33) 177 (33) 154 (28) 39 ( 7) 46 ( 9) 31 ( 6) Asthenia 150 (28) 123 (23) 124 (23) 41 ( 8) 33 ( 6) 32 ( 6) Pyrexiac 114 (21) 102 (19) 76 (14) 13 ( 2) 7 ( 1) 7 ( 1) Non-cardiac chest painf 29 ( 5) 31 ( 6) 18 ( 3) <1% < 1% < 1% Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea 242 (45)
208 (39)
89 (16) 21 (4) 18 (3) 8 (1) Abdominal pain% f 109 (20)
78 (14)
60 (11) 7 (1) 9 (2) < 1% Dyspepsia f 57 (11)
28 ( 5)
36 ( 7) <1% < 1% 0 (0) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Back painc 170 (32)
145 (27)
116 (21)
37 (7)
34 (6)
28 (5)
Muscle spasms f 109 (20)
102 (19)
61 (11)
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
Arthralgia f 101 (19)
71 (13)
66 (12)
9 (2)
8 (1)
8 (1)
Bone pain f 87 (16)
77 (14)
62 (11)
16 (3)
15 (3)
14 (3)
Pain in extremity f 79 (15)
66 (12)
61 (11)
8 (2)
8 (1)
7 (1)
Musculoskeletal pain f 67 (13)
59 (11)
36 (7)
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
Musculoskeletal chest pain f 60 (11)
51 (9)
39 (7)
6 (1)
< 1%
< 1%
Muscular weakness f 43 (8)
35 (6)
29 (5)
< 1%
8 (1)
< 1%
Neck pain f 40 (8)
19 ( 4)
10 (2)
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
Infections and infestations
Bronchitisc 90 (17) 59 (11) 43 (8) 9 (2) 6 (1) < 1% Nasopharyngitis f 80 (15) 54 (10) 33 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Urinary tract infection f 76 (14) 63 (12) 41 (8) 8 (2) 8 (1) < 1% Upper respiratory tract infectionc%f 69 (13) 53 (10) 31 (6) < 1% 8 (1) < 1% Pneumoniac@ 93 (17) 87 (16) 56 (10) 60 (11) 57 (11) 41 (8) Respiratory tract infection% 35 (7) 25 (5) 21 (4) 7 (1) < 1% < 1% Influenza f 33 (6) 23 (4) 15 (3) < 1% < 1% 0 (0) Gastroenteritis f 32 (6) 17 (3) 13 (2) 0 (0) < 1% < 1% Lower respiratory tract infection 29 (5) 14 (3) 16 (3) 10 (2) < 1% < 1% Rhinitis f 29 (5) 24 (4) 14 ( 3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Cellulitisc < 5% < 5% < 5% 8 (2) < 1% < 1% Sepsisc@ 33 (6) 26 (5) 18 (3) 26 (5) 20 (4) 13 (2)
Nervous system disorders
Headache f 75 (14) 52 (10) 56 (10) < 1% < 1% < 1% Dysgeusia f 39 (7) 45 (8) 22 (4) < 1% 0 (0.0) < 1%
Blood and lymphatic system disordersd
Anemia 233 (44) 193 (36) 229 (42) 97 (18) 85 (16) 102 (19) Neutropenia 186 (35) 178 (33) 328 (61) 148 (28) 143 (26) 243 (45) Thrombocytopenia 104 (20) 100 (19) 135 (25) 44 (8) 43 (8) 60 (11) Febrile neutropenia 7 (1) 17 (3) 15 (3) 6 (1) 16 (3) 14 (3) Pancytopenia < 1% 6 (1) 7 (1) < 1% < 1% < 1%
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough f 121 (23) 94 (17) 68 (13) < 1% < 1% < 1% Dyspneac,e 117 (22) 89 (16) 113 (21) 30 (6) 22 (4) 18 (3) Epistaxis f 32 (6) 31 (6) 17 (3) < 1% < 1% 0 (0) Oropharyngeal pain f 30 (6) 22 (4) 14 (3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Dyspnea exertional e 27 (5) 29 (5) < 5% 6 (1) < 1% 0 (0)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Decreased appetite 123 (23) 115 (21) 72 (13) 14 (3) 7 (1) < 1% Hypokalemia% 91 (17) 62 (11) 38 (7) 35 (7) 20 (4) 11 (2) Hyperglycemia 62 (12) 52 (10) 19 (4) 28 (5) 23 (4) 9 (2) Hypocalcemia 57 (11) 56 (10) 31 (6) 23 (4) 19 (4) 8 (1) Dehydration% 25 (5) 29 (5) 17 (3) 8 (2) 13 (2) 9 (2) Gout e < 5% < 5% < 5% 8 (2) 0 (0) 0 (0) Diabetes mellitus% e < 5% < 5% < 5% 8 (2) < 1% < 1% Hypophosphatemia e < 5% < 5% < 5% 7 (1) < 1% < 1% Hyponatremia% e < 5% < 5% < 5% 7 (1) 13 (2) 6 (1)
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rash 139 (26) 151 (28) 105 (19) 39 (7) 38 (7) 33 (6) Pruritus f 47 (9) 49 (9) 24 (4) < 1% < 1% < 1%
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia 147 (28) 127 (24) 53 (10) < 1% 6 (1) 0 (0) Depression 58 (11) 46 ( 9) 30 (6) 10 (2) < 1% < 1%
Vascular disorders
Deep vein thrombosisc% 55 (10) 39 (7) 22 (4) 30 (6) 20 (4) 15 (3) Hypotensionc% 51 (10) 35 (6) 36 (7) 11 (2) 8 (1) 6 (1)
Injury, Poisoning, and Procedural Complications
Fall f 43 (8) 25 (5) 25 (5) < 1% 6 (1) 6 (1) Contusion f 33 (6) 24 (4) 15 (3) < 1% < 1% 0 (0)
Eye disorders
Cataract 73 (14) 31 (6) < 1% 31 (6) 14 ( 3) < 1% Cataract subcapsular e < 5% < 5% < 5% 7 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0)
Investigations
Weight decreased 72 (14) 78 (14) 48 (9) 11 (2) < 1% < 1%
Cardiac disorders
Atrial fibrillationc 37 (7) 25 (5) 25 (5) 13 (2) 9 (2) 6 (1) Myocardial infarction (including acute)c ,e < 5% < 5% < 5% 10 (2) < 1% < 1%
Renal and Urinary disorders
Renal failure (including acute)c@, f 49 (9) 54 (10) 37 (7) 28 (5) 33 (6) 29 (5)
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (Including cysts and polyps)
Squamous cell carcinomac e < 5% < 5% < 5% 8 (2) < 1% 0 (0) Basal cell carcinomac e,f < 5% < 5% < 5% < 1% < 1% 0 (0)
Note: A subject with multiple occurrences of an adverse reaction is counted only once under the applicable Body System/Adverse Reaction.a All treatment-emergent adverse events in at least 5% of subjects in the Rd Continuous or Rd18 Arms and at least a 2% higher frequency (%) in either the Rd Continuous or Rd18 Arms compared to the MPT Arm.b All grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events in at least 1% of subjects in the Rd Continuous or Rd18 Arms and at least a 1% higher frequency (%) in either the Rd Continuous or Rd18 Arms compared to the MPT Arm.c Serious treatment-emergent adverse events in at least 1% of subjects in the Rd Continuous or Rd18 Arms and at least a 1% higher frequency (%) in either the Rd Continuous or Rd18 Arms compared to the MPT Arm.d Preferred terms for the blood and lymphatic system disorders body system were included by medical judgment as known adverse reactions for Rd Continuous/Rd18, and have also been reported as serious.e Footnote “a” not applicable.f Footnote “b” not applicable.@ - adverse reactions in which at least one resulted in a fatal outcome.% - adverse reactions in which at least one was considered to be life threatening (if the outcome of the reaction was death, it is included with death cases).*Adverse reactions included in combined adverse reaction terms:Abdominal Pain: Abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, abdominal pain lower, gastrointestinal painPneumonias: Pneumonia, lobar pneumonia, pneumonia pneumococcal, bronchopneumonia, pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, pneumonia legionella, pneumonia staphylococcal, pneumonia klebsiella, atypical pneumonia, pneumonia bacterial, pneumonia escherichia, pneumonia streptococcal, pneumonia viralSepsis: Sepsis, septic shock, urosepsis, escherichia sepsis, neutropenic sepsis, pneumococcal sepsis, staphylococcal sepsis, bacterial sepsis, meningococcal sepsis, enterococcal sepsis, klebsiella sepsis, pseudomonal sepsisRash: Rash, rash pruritic, rash erythematous, rash maculo-papular, rash generalized, rash papular, exfoliative rash, rash follicular, rash macular, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, erythema multiforme, rash pustularDeep Vein Thrombosis: Deep vein thrombosis, venous thrombosis limb, venous thrombosisNewly Diagnosed MM - Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy Following Auto-HSCT:Data were evaluated from 1018 patients in two randomized trials who received at least one dose of lenalidomide 10 mg daily as maintenance therapy after auto-HSCT until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The mean treatment duration for lenalidomide treatment was 30.3 months for Maintenance Study 1 and 24.0 months for Maintenance Study 2 (overall range across both studies from 0.1 to 108 months). As of the cut-off date of 1 Mar 2015, 48 patients (21%) in the Maintenance Study 1 lenalidomide arm were still on treatment and none of the patients in the Maintenance Study 2 lenalidomide arm were still on treatment at the same cut-off dateThe adverse reactions uled from Maintenance Study 1 included events reported post-transplant (completion of high-dose melphalan /auto-HSCT), and the maintenance treatment period. In Maintenance Study 2, the adverse reactions were from the maintenance treatment period only. In general, the most frequently reported adverse reactions (more than 20% in the lenalidomide arm) across both studies were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, nasopharyngitis, cough, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, rash, fatigue, asthenia, muscle spasm and pyrexia. The most frequently reported Grade 3 or 4 reactions (more than 20% in the lenalidomide arm) included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. The serious adverse reactions lung infection and neutropenia (more than 4.5%) occurred in the lenalidomide arm.For lenalidomide, the most common adverse reactions leading to dose interruption were hematologic events (29.7%, data available in Maintenance Study 2 only). The most common adverse reaction leading to dose reduction of lenalidomide were hematologic events (17.7%, data available in Maintenance Study 2 only). The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of lenalidomide were thrombocytopenia (2.7%) in Maintenance Study 1 and neutropenia (2.4%) in Maintenance Study 2.The frequencies of onset of adverse reactions were generally highest in the first 6 months of treatment and then the frequencies decreased over time or remained stable throughout treatment.Table 5 summarizes the adverse reactions reported for the lenalidomide and placebo maintenance treatment arms.Table 5: All Adverse Reactions in ≥5% and Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions in ≥1% of Patients with MM in the Lenalidomide Vs Placebo Arms*
Body SystemAdverse Reaction Maintenance Study 1 Maintenance Study 2
All Adverse Reactions a
Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions b
All Adverse Reactions a
Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions b Lenalidomide (N = 224) n (%) Placebo (N = 221) n (%) Lenalidomide (N = 224) n (%) Placebo (N = 221) n (%) Lenalidomide (N = 293) n (%) Placebo (N = 280) n (%) Lenalidomide (N = 293) n (%) Placebo (N = 280) n (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia c %
177 (79)
94 (43)
133 (59) 73 (33) 178 (61) 33 (12) 158 (54) 21 (8) Thrombocytopeniac %
162 (72)
101 (46)
84 (38) 67 (30) 69 (24) 29 (10) 38 (13) 8 (3) Leukopenia c
51 (23)
25 (11)
45 (20)
22 (10)
93 (32)
21 (8)
71 (24)
5 (2)
Anemia
47 (21)
27 (12)
23 (10)
18 (8)
26 (9)
15 (5)
11 (4)
3 (1)
Lymphopenia
40 (18)
29 (13)
37 (17)
26 (12)
13 (4)
3 (1)
11 (4)
< 1%
Pancytopenia c d %
< 1%
0 ( 0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
12 (4)
< 1%
7 (2)
< 1%
Febrile neutropenia c
39 (17)
34 (15)
39 (17)
34 (15)
7 (2)
< 1%
5 (2)
< 1%
Infections and infestations #
Upper respiratory tract infection e
60 (27)
35 (16)
7 ( 3)
9 ( 4)
32 ( 11)
18 ( 6)
< 1%
0 ( 0)
Neutropenic infection
40 (18)
19 (9)
27 (12)
14 (6)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
Pneumonias* c %
31 (14)
15 (7)
23 (10)
7 (3)
50 (17)
13 (5)
27 ( 9)
5 ( 2)
Bronchitis c
10 (4)
9 (4)
< 1%
5 (2)
139 (47)
104 (37)
4 ( 1)
< 1%
Nasopharyngitis e
5 (2)
< 1%
0 (0)
0 ( 0)
102 (35)
84 (30)
< 1%
0 ( 0)
Gastroenteritis c
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 ( 0)
66 (23)
55 (20)
6 ( 2)
0 ( 0)
Rhinitis e
< 1%
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 ( 0)
44 (15)
19 (7)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
Sinusitis e
8 (4)
3 (1)
0 (0)
0 ( 0)
41 (14)
26 (9)
0 ( 0)
< 1%
Influenza c
8 (4)
5 (2)
< 1%
< 1%
39 (13)
19 (7)
3 ( 1)
0 ( 0)
Lung infection c
21 (9)
< 1%
19 (8)
< 1%
9 (3)
4 (1)
< 1%
0 ( 0)
Lower respiratory tract infection e
13 (6)
5 (2)
6 (3)
4 (2)
4 (1)
4 (1)
0 ( 0)
< 1%
Infection c
12 (5)
6 (3)
9 (4)
5 (2)
17 (6)
5 (2)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
Urinary tract infection c d e
9 (4)
5 (2)
4 (2)
4 (2)
22 (8)
17 (6)
< 1%
0 (0)
Lower respiratory tract infection bacterial d
6 (3)
< 1%
4 (2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Bacteremia d
5 (2)
0 (0)
4 (2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Herpes zoster c d
11 (5)
10 (5)
3 (1)
< 1%
29 (10)
25 (9)
6 (2)
< 1%
Sepsis* c d @
< 1%
< 1%
0 (0)
0 (0)
6 ( 2)
< 1%
4 (1)
< 1%
Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea
122 (54)
83 (38)
22 (10) 17 (8) 114 (39) 34 (12)
7 (2)
0 ( 0) Nausea e
33 (15)
22 (10)
16 (7)
10 (5)
31 (11)
28 (10)
0 (0)
0 ( 0)
Vomiting
17 (8)
12 (5)
8 (4)
5 (2)
16 (5)
15 (5)
< 1%
0 ( 0)
Constipation e
12 (5)
8 (4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
37 (13)
25 (9)
< 1%
0 ( 0)
Abdominal pain e
8 (4)
7 (3)
< 1%
4 (2)
31 (11)
15 (5)
< 1%
< 1%
Abdominal pain upper e
0 (0)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0) 0 ( 0) 20 (7)
12 (4)
< 1%
0 (0) General disorders and administration site conditions Asthenia
0 (0)
< 1%
0 (0)
0 (0)
87 (30)
53 (19)
10 (3)
< 1%
Fatigue
51 (23)
30 (14)
21 (9)
9 (4)
31 (11)
15 (5)
3 (1)
0 (0)
Pyrexia e
17 (8)
10 (5)
< 1%
< 1%
60 (20)
26 (9)
< 1%
0 (0)
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Dry skin e
9 (4)
4 (2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
31 (11)
21 ( 8)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
Rash
71 (32)
48 (22)
11 (5)
5 (2)
22 (8)
17 ( 6)
3 ( 1)
0 ( 0)
Pruritus
9 (4)
4 (2)
3 (1)
0 (0)
21 (7)
25 ( 9)
< 1%
0 ( 0)
Nervous system disorders
Paresthesia e
< 1%
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
39 (13) 30 (11)
< 1%
0 (0) Peripheral neuropathy* e
34 (15)
30 (14)
8 (4)
8 (4)
29 (10)
15 (5)
4 (1) < 1% Headache d
11 (5)
8 (4)
5 (2)
< 1%
25 (9)
21 (8)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Investigations
Alanine aminotransferase increased
16 (7)
3 (1)
8 (4)
0 (0)
5 (2)
5 (2)
0 (0)
< 1%
Aspartate aminotransferase increased d
13 (6)
5 (2)
6 (3)
0 (0)
< 1%
5 (2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Hypokalemia
24 (11)
13 (6)
16 (7)
12 (5)
12 (4)
< 1%
< 1%
0 (0)
Dehydration
9 (4)
5 (2)
7 (3)
3 (1)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Hypophosphatemia d
16 (7)
15 (7)
13 (6)
14 (6)
0 (0)
< 1%
0 (0)
0 (0)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Muscle spasms e
0 (0)
< 1%
0 (0)
0 (0)
98 ( 33)
43 (15)
< 1%
0 (0)
Myalgia e
7 (3)
8 (4)
3 (1)
5 (2)
19 ( 6)
12 (4)
< 1%
< 1%
Musculoskeletalpain e
< 1%
< 1%
0 (0)
0 (0)
19 ( 6)
11 (44)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Hepatobiliary disorders
Hyperbilirubinemiae
34 (15)
19 (9)
4 (2)
< 1%
4 (1)
< 1%
< 1%
0 (0)
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough e
23 (10)
12 ( 5)
3 ( 1)
< 1%
80 ( 27)
56 ( 20)
0 ( 0) 0 ( 0) Dyspnea c e
15 (7)
9 ( 4)
8 ( 4)
4 ( 2)
17 ( 6)
9 ( 3)
< 1% 0 ( 0) Rhinorrhea e
0 (0)
3 ( 1)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
15 ( 5)
6 ( 2)
0 ( 0) 0 ( 0) Pulmonary embolismc d e
0 (0)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
0 ( 0)
3 ( 1)
0 ( 0)
< 1% 0 ( 0) Vascular disorders Deep vein thrombosis*c d %
8 (4)
< 1%
5 (2)
< 1%
7 (2)
< 1%
4 (1)
< 1%
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps)
Myelodysplastic syndrome c d e
5 (2)
0 (0)
< 1%
0 (0)
3 (1)
0 (0)
< 1%
0 (0)
Note : Adverse Events (AEs) are coded to Body System /Adverse Reaction using MedDRA v15.1. A subject with multiple occurrences of an adverse reaction is counted only once under the applicable Body System/Adverse Reaction.a All treatment-emergent AEs in at least 5% of patients in the lenalidomide Maintenance group and at least 2% higher frequency (%) than the Placebo Maintenance group.b All grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent AEs in at least 1% of patients in the lenalidomide Maintenance group and at least 1% higher frequency (%) than the Placebo Maintenance group.c All serious treatment-emergent AEs in at least 1% of patients in the lenalidomide Maintenance group and at least 1% higher frequency (%) than the Placebo Maintenance group.d Footnote “a” not applicable for either studye Footnote “b” not applicable for either study@ -ADRs where at least one resulted in a fatal outcome% - ADRs where at least one was considered to be Life Threatening (if the outcome of the event was death, it is included with death cases)# - All adverse reactions under Body System of Infections and Infestation except for rare infections of Public Health interest will be considered uled*Adverse Reactions for combined ADR terms (based on relevant TEAE PTs included in Maintenance Studies 1 and 2 [per MedDRA v 15.1]):Pneumonias Bronchopneumonia, Lobar pneumonia, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, Pneumonia, Pneumonia klebsiella, Pneumonia legionella, Pneumonia mycoplasmal, Pneumonia pneumococcal, Pneumonia streptococcal, Pneumonia viral, Lung disorder, PneumonitisSepsis: Bacterial sepsis, Pneumococcal sepsis, Sepsis, Septic shock, Staphylococcal sepsisPeripheral neuropathy: Neuropathy peripheral, Peripheral motor neuropathy, Peripheral sensory neuropathy, PolyneuropathyDeep vein thrombosis: Deep vein thrombosis, Thrombosis, Venous thrombosisAfter At Least One Prior Therapy for MM:Data were evaluated from 703 patients in two studies who received at least one dose of lenalidomide/dexamethasone (353 patients) or placebo/dexamethasone (350 patients).In the lenalidomide/dexamethasone treatment group, 269 patients (76%) had at least one dose interruption with or without a dose reduction of lenalidomide compared to 199 patients (57%) in the placebo/dexamethasone treatment group. Of these patients who had one dose interruption with or without a dose reduction, 50% in the lenalidomide/dexamethasone treatment group had at least one additional dose interruption with or without a dose reduction compared to 21% in the placebo/dexamethasone treatment group. Most adverse reactions and Grade 3/4 adverse reactions were more frequent in patients who received the combination of lenalidomide/dexamethasone compared to placebo/dexamethasone.Tables 6, 7, and 8 summarize the adverse reactions reported for lenalidomide/dexamethasone and placebo/dexamethasone groups.Table 6: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥5% of Patients and with a ≥2% Difference in Proportion of Patients with MM between the lenalidomide/dexamethasone and Placebo/dexamethasone Groups
Body SystemAdverse Reaction
Lenalidomide/Dex
(N=353)
n (%)
Placebo/Dex
(N=350)
n (%)
Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia%
149 (42)
22 (6)
Anemia@
111 (31)
83 (24)
Thrombocytopenia@
76 (22)
37 (11)
Leukopenia
28 (8)
4 (1)
Lymphopenia
19 (5)
5 (1)
General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue
155 (44)
146 (42)
Pyrexia
97 (27)
82 (23)
Peripheral edema
93 (26)
74 (21)
Chest pain
29 (8)
20 (6)
Lethargy
24 (7)
8 (2)
Gastrointestinal disorders Constipation
143 (41)
74 (21)
Diarrhea@
136 (39)
96 (27)
Nausea@
92 (26)
75 (21)
Vomiting@
43 (12)
33 (9)
Abdominal pain@
35 (10)
22 (6)
Dry mouth
25 (7)
13 (4)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Muscle cramp
118 (33)
74 (21)
Back pain
91 (26)
65 (19)
Bone pain
48 (14)
39 (11)
Pain in limb
42 (12)
32 ( 9)
Nervous system disorders Dizziness
82 (23)
59 (17)
Tremor
75 (21)
26 ( 7)
Dysgeusia
54 (15)
34 ( 10)
Hypoesthesia
36 (10)
25 ( 7)
Neuropathyª
23 ( 7)
13 ( 4)
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Dyspnea
83 (24)
60 (17)
Nasopharyngitis
62 (18)
31 ( 9)
Pharyngitis
48 (14)
33 ( 9)
Bronchitis
40 (11)
30 ( 9)
Infectionsb and infestations
Upper respiratory tract infection
87 (25)
55 (16)
Pneumonia@
48 (14)
29 (8)
Urinary tract infection
30 (8)
19 (5)
Sinusitis
26 (7)
16 (5)
Skin and subcutaneous system disorders
Rashc
75 (21)
33 (9)
Sweating increased
35 (10)
25 (7)
Dry skin
33 (9)
14 (4)
Pruritus
27 (8)
18 (5)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Anorexia
55 (16)
34 (10)
Hypokalemia
48 (14)
21 (6)
Hypocalcemia
31 ( 9)
10 (3)
Appetite decreased
24 (7)
14 (4)
Dehydration
23 (7)
15 (4)
Hypomagnesemia 24 (7)
10 (3)
Investigations Weight decreased
69 (20)
52 (15)
Eye disorders Blurred vision
61 (17)
40 (11)
Vascular disorders Deep vein thrombosis%
33 (9)
15 (4)
Hypertension
28 (8)
20 (6)
Hypotension
25 (7)
15 (4)
Table 7: Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥2% Patients and with a ≥1% Difference in Proportion of Patients with MM between the lenalidomide/dexamethasone and Placebo/dexamethasone groups
Body SystemAdverse Reaction
Lenalidomide/Dex
(N=353)
n (%)
Placebo/Dex
(N=350)
n (%)
Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia%
118 (33)
12 (3)
Thrombocytopenia@
43 (12)
22 (6)
Anemia@
35 (10)
20 (6)
Leukopenia
14 (4)
< 1%
Lymphopenia
10 (3)
4 (1)
Febrile neutropenia%
8 (2)
0 (0)
General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue
23 (7)
17 (5)
Vascular disorders Deep vein thrombosis%
29 (8)
12 (3)
Infections and infestations Pneumonia@ 30 (8) 19 (5) Urinary tract infection 5 (1) < 1% Metabolism and nutrition disorders Hypokalemia
17 ( 5)
5 ( 1)
Hypocalcemia
13 ( 4)
6 ( 2)
Hypophosphatemia
9 ( 3)
0 ( 0)
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Pulmonary embolism@
14 ( 4)
< 1%
Respiratory distress@
4 ( 1)
0 ( 0)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Muscle weakness
20 ( 6)
10 ( 3)
Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea@
11 ( 3)
4 ( 1)
Constipation 7 ( 2) < 1% Nausea@ 6 ( 2) < 1% Cardiac disorders Atrial fibrillation@ 13 (4) 4 (1) Tachycardia 6 (2) < 1% Cardiac failure congestive@ 5 (1) < 1% Nervous system disorders Syncope
10 (3)
< 1%
Dizziness
7 (2)
< 1%
Eye disorders Cataract
6 (2)
< 1%
Cataract unilateral
5 (1)
0 (0)
Psychiatric disorder Depression
10 (3)
6 (2)
Table 8: Serious Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥1% Patients and with a ≥1% Difference in Proportion of Patients with MM between the lenalidomide/dexamethasone and Placebo/dexamethasone Groups
Body SystemAdverse Reaction
Lenalidomide/Dex
(N=353)
n (%)
Placebo/Dex
(N=350)
n (%)
Blood and lymphatic system disorders Febrile neutropenia% 6 (2) 0 (0) Vascular disorders Deep vein thrombosis% 26 (7) 11 (3) Infections and infestations Pneumonia@ 33 ( 9) 21 ( 6) Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders Pulmonary embolism@ 13 ( 4) < 1% Cardiac disorders Atrial fibrillation@ 11 (3) < 1% Cardiac failure congestive@ 5 (1) 0 (0) Nervous system disorders Cerebrovascular accident@ 7 (2) < 1% Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea@ 6 (2) < 1% Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Bone pain 4 (1) 0 (0)
For Tables 6, 7 and 8 above:@ - adverse reactions in which at least one resulted in a fatal outcome.% - adverse reactions in which at least one was considered to be life threatening (if the outcome of the reaction was death, it is included with death cases).Median duration of exposure among patients treated with lenalidomide/dexamethasone was 44 weeks while median duration of exposure among patients treated with placebo/dexamethasone was 23 weeks. This should be taken into consideration when comparing frequency of adverse reactions between two treatment groups lenalidomide/dexamethasone vs. placebo/dexamethasone.Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] VTE and ATE are increased in patients treated with lenalidomide.Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was reported as a serious (7.4%) or severe (8.2%) adverse drug reaction at a higher rate in the lenalidomide/dexamethasone group compared to 3.1 % and 3.4% in the placebo/dexamethasone group, respectively in the 2 studies in patients with at least 1 prior therapy with discontinuations due to DVT adverse reactions reported at comparable rates between groups. In the NDMM study, DVT was reported as an adverse reaction (all grades: 10.3%, 7.2%, 4.1%), as a serious adverse reaction (3.6%, 2.0%, 1.7%), and as a Grade 3/4 adverse reaction (5.6%, 3.7%, 2.8%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively. Discontinuations and dose reductions due to DVT adverse reactions were reported at comparable rates between the Rd Continuous and Rd18 Arms (both < 1%).Interruption of lenalidomide treatment due to DVT adverse reactions was reported at comparable rates between the Rd Continuous (2.3%) and Rd18 (1.5%) arms. Pulmonary embolism (PE) was reported as a serious adverse drug reaction (3.7%) or Grade 3/4 (4.0%) at a higher rate in the lenalidomide/dexamethasone group compared to 0.9% (serious or grade 3/4) in the placebo/dexamethasone group in the 2 studies in patients with, at least 1 prior therapy, with discontinuations due to PE adverse reactions reported at comparable rates between groups. In the NDMM study, the frequency of adverse reactions of PE was similar between the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms for adverse reactions (all grades: 3.9%, 3.3%, and 4.3%, respectively), serious adverse reactions (3.8%, 2.8%, and 3.7%, respectively), and grade 3/4 adverse reactions (3.8%, 3.0%, and 3.7%, respectively).Myocardial infarction was reported as a serious (1.7%) or severe (1.7%) adverse drug reaction at a higher rate in the lenalidomide/dexamethasone group compared to 0.6% and 0.6% respectively in the placebo/dexamethasone group. Discontinuation due to MI (including acute) adverse reactions was 0.8% in lenalidomide/dexamethasone group and none in the placebo/dexamethasone group. In the NDMM study, myocardial infarction (including acute) was reported as an adverse reaction (all grades: 2.4%, 0.6%, and 1.1%), as a serious adverse reaction, (2.3%, 0.6%, and 1.1%), or as a severe adverse reaction (1.9%, 0.6%, and 0.9%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively.Stroke (CVA) was reported as a serious (2.3%) or severe (2.0%) adverse drug reaction in the lenalidomide/dexamethasone group compared to 0.9% and 0.9% respectively in the placebo/dexamethasone group. Discontinuation due to stroke (CVA) was 1.4% in lenalidomide/ dexamethasone group and 0.3% in the placebo/dexamethasone group. In the NDMM study, CVA was reported as an adverse reaction (all grades: 0.8%, 0.6%, and 0.6%), as a serious adverse reaction (0.8%, 0.6%, and 0.6%), or as a severe adverse reaction (0.6%, 0.6%, 0.2%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT arms respectively.Other Adverse Reactions: After At Least One Prior Therapy for MMIn these 2 studies, the following adverse drug reactions (ADRs) not described above that occurred at ≥1% rate and of at least twice of the placebo percentage rate were reported:Blood and lymphatic system disorders: pancytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemiaCardiac disorders: bradycardia, myocardial infarction, angina pectorisEndocrine disorders: hirsutismEye disorders: blindness, ocular hypertensionGastrointestinal disorders: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, glossodyniaGeneral disorders and administration site conditions: malaiseInvestigations: liver function tests abnormal, alanine aminotransferase increasedNervous system disorders: cerebral ischemiaPsychiatric disorders: mood swings, hallucination, loss of libidoReproductive system and breast disorders: erectile dysfunctionRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: cough, hoarsenessSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: exanthem, skin hyperpigmentationMyelodysplastic Syndromes:A total of 148 patients received at least 1 dose of 10 mg lenalidomide in the del 5q MDS clinical study. At least one adverse reaction was reported in all of the 148 patients who were treated with the 10 mg starting dose of lenalidomide. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were related to blood and lymphatic system disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and general disorders and administrative site conditions.Thrombocytopenia (61.5%; 91/148) and neutropenia (58.8%; 87/148) were the most frequently reported adverse reactions. The next most common adverse reactions observed were diarrhea (48.6%; 72/148), pruritus (41.9%; 62/148), rash (35.8%; 53/148) and fatigue (31.1%; 46/148). Table 9 summarizes the adverse reactions that were reported in ≥ 5% of the lenalidomide treated patients in the del 5q MDS clinical study. Table 10 summarizes the most frequently observed Grade 3 and Grade 4 adverse reactions regardless of relationship to treatment with lenalidomide. In the single-arm studies conducted, it is often not possible to distinguish adverse reactions that are drug-related and those that reflect the patient’s underlying disease.Table 9: Summary of Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 5% of the lenalidomide Treated Patients in del 5q MDS Clinical Study
Body SystemAdverse Reaction a 10 mg Overall (N = 148) Patients with at least one adverse reaction 148 (100) Blood and Lymphatic System DisordersThrombocytopeniaNeutropeniaAnemiaLeukopeniaFebrile Neutropenia 91 (61)87 (59)17 (11)12 (8)8 (5) Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue DisordersPruritusRashDry SkinContusionNight SweatsSweating IncreasedEcchymosisErythema 62 (42)53 (36)21 (14)12 (8)12 (8)10 (7)8 (5)8 (5) Gastrointestinal DisordersDiarrheaConstipationNauseaAbdominal PainVomitingAbdominal Pain UpperDry MouthLoose Stools 72 (49)35 (24)35 (24)18 (12)15 (10)12 (8)10 (7)9 (6) Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal DisordersNasopharyngitisCoughDyspneaPharyngitisEpistaxisDyspnea ExertionalRhinitisBronchitis 34 (23)29 (20)25 (17)23 (16)22 (15)10 (7)10 (7)9 (6) General Disorders and Administration Site ConditionsFatiguePyrexiaEdema PeripheralAstheniaEdemaPainRigorsChest Pain 46 (31)31 (21)30 (20)22 (15)15 (10)10 (7)9 (6)8 (5) Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue DisordersArthralgiaBack PainMuscle CrampPain in LimbMyalgiaPeripheral Swelling 32 (22)31 (21)27 (18)16 (11)13 (9)12 (8) Nervous System DisordersDizzinessHeadache Hypoesthesia DysgeusiaPeripheral Neuropathy 29 (20)29 (20)10 (7)9 (6)8 (5) Infections and Infestations Upper Respiratory Tract InfectionPneumoniaUrinary Tract InfectionSinusitisCellulitis 22 (15)17 (11)16 (11)12 (8)8 (5) Metabolism and Nutrition DisordersHypokalemiaAnorexiaHypomagnesemia 16 (11)15 (10)9 (6) InvestigationsAlanine Aminotransferase Increased 12 (8) Psychiatric DisordersInsomniaDepression 15 (10)8 (5) Renal and Urinary DisordersDysuria 10 (7) Vascular DisordersHypertension 9 ( 6) Endocrine DisordersAcquired Hypothyroidism 10 (7) Cardiac DisordersPalpitations 8 (5)
a Body System and adverse reactions are coded using the MedDRA dictionary. Body System and adverse reactions are uled in descending order of frequency for the Overall column. A patient with multiple occurrences of an adverse reaction is counted only once under the applicable Body Systems/Adverse Reaction.Table 10: Most Frequently Observed Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Reactions1 Regardless of Relationship to Study Drug Treatment in the del 5q MDS Clinical Study
Adverse Reactions 2
10 mg
(N=148)Patients with at least one Grade 3/4 AE
131 (89)
Neutropenia
79 (53)
Thrombocytopenia
74 (50)
Pneumonia
11 (7)
Rash
10 (7)
Anemia
9 (6)
Leukopenia
8 (5)
Fatigue
7 (5)
Dyspnea
7 (5)
Back Pain
7 (5)
Febrile Neutropenia
6 (4)
Nausea
6 (4)
Diarrhea
5 (3)
Pyrexia
5 (3)
Sepsis
4 (3)
Dizziness
4 (3)
Granulocytopenia
3 (2)
Chest Pain
3 (2)
Pulmonary Embolism
3(2)
Respiratory Distress
3 (2)
Pruritus
3 (2)
Pancytopenia
3 (2)
Muscle Cramp
3 (2)
Respiratory Tract Infection
2 (1)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
2 (1)
Asthenia
2 (1)
Multi-organ Failure
2 (1)
Epistaxis
2 (1)
Hypoxia
2 (1)
Pleural Effusion
2 (1)
Pneumonitis
2 (1)
Pulmonary Hypertension
2 (1)
Vomiting
2 (1)
Sweating Increased
2(1)
Arthralgia
2 (1)
Pain in Limb
2 (1)
Headache
2 (1)
Syncope
2 (1)
1Adverse reactions with frequency ≥1% in the 10 mg Overall group. Grade 3 and 4 are based on National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 2.2 Adverse reactions are coded using the MedDRA dictionary. A patient with multiple occurrences of an adverse reaction is counted only once in the adverse reaction category.In other clinical studies of lenalidomide in MDS patients, the following serious adverse reactions (regardless of relationship to study drug treatment) not described in Table 9 or 10 were reported:Blood and lymphatic system disorders: warm type hemolytic anemia, splenic infarction, bone marrow depression, coagulopathy, hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, refractory anemiaCardiac disorders: cardiac failure congestive, atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, cardiac arrest, cardiac failure, cardio-respiratory arrest, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation aggravated, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, supraventricular arrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, ventricular dysfunctionEar and labyrinth disorders: vertigoEndocrine disorders: Basedow’s diseaseGastrointestinal disorders: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, colitis ischemic, intestinal perforation, rectal hemorrhage, colonic polyp, diverticulitis, dysphagia, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obstructive inguinal hernia, irritable bowel syndrome, melena, pancreatitis due to biliary obstruction, pancreatitis, perirectal abscess, small intestinal obstruction, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhageGeneral disorders and administration site conditions: disease progression, fall, gait abnormal, intermittent pyrexia, nodule, rigors, sudden deathHepatobiliary disorders: hyperbilirubinemia, cholecystitis, acute cholecystitis, hepatic failureImmune system disorders: hypersensitivityInfections and infestations: infection bacteremia, central line infection, clostridial infection, ear infection, En terobacter sepsis, fungal infection, herpes viral infection NOS, influenza, kidney infection, Klebsiella sepsis, lobar pneumonia, localized infection, oral infection, Pseudomonas infection, septic shock, sinusitis acute, sinusitis, Staphylococcal infection, urosepsisInjury, poisoning and procedural complications: femur fracture, transfusion reaction, cervical vertebral fracture, femoral neck fracture, fractured pelvis, hip fracture, overdose, post procedural hemorrhage, rib fracture, road traffic accident, spinal compression fractureInvestigations: blood creatinine increased, hemoglobin decreased, liver function tests abnormal, troponin I increasedMetabolism and nutrition disorders: dehydration, gout, hypernatremia, hypoglycemiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthritis, arthritis aggravated, gouty arthritis, neck pain, chondrocalcinosis pyrophosphateNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified: acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, lung cancer metastatic, lymphoma, prostate cancer metastaticNervous system disorders: cerebrovascular accident, aphasia, cerebellar infarction, cerebral infarction, depressed level of consciousness, dysarthria, migraine, spinal cord compression, subarachnoid hemorrhage, transient ischemic attackPsychiatric disorders: confusional stateRenal and urinary disorders: renal failure, hematuria, renal failure acute, azotemia, calculus ureteric, renal massReproductive system and breast disorders: pelvic painRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: bronchitis, chronic obstructive airways disease exacerbated, respiratory failure, dyspnea exacerbated, interstitial lung disease, lung infiltration, wheezingSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosisVascular system disorders: deep vein thrombosis, hypotension, aortic disorder, ischemia, thrombophlebitis superficial, thrombosisMantle Cell Lymphoma:In the MCL trial, a total of 134 patients received at least 1 dose of lenalidomide. Their median age was 67 (range 43 to 83) years, 128/134 (96%) were Caucasian, 108/134 (81%) were males and 82/134 (61%) had duration of MCL for at least 3 years.Table 11 summarizes the most frequently observed adverse reactions regardless of relationship to treatment with lenalidomide. Across the 134 patients treated in this study, median duration of treatment was 95 days (1 to 1002 days). Seventy-eight patients (58%) received 3 or more cycles of therapy, 53 patients (40%) received 6 or more cycles, and 26 patients (19%) received 12 or more cycles. Seventy-six patients (57%) underwent at least one dose interruption due to adverse reactions, and 51 patients (38%) underwent at least one dose reduction due to adverse reactions. Twenty-six patients (19%) discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions.Table 11: Incidence of Adverse Reactions (≥10%) or Grade 3 / 4 AE (in at least 2 patients) in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Body SystemAdverse Reaction All Adverse Reactions1 (N=134) n (%) Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions2 (N=134) n (%) General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue
45 (34)
9 (7) Pyrexia$
31 (23)
3 (2) Edema peripheral
21 (16)
0 Asthenia$
19 (14)
4 (3) General physical health deterioration
3 (2)
2 (1) Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea$ 42 (31) 8 (6) Nausea$ 40 (30) 1 (<1) Constipation 21 (16) 1 (<1) Vomiting$ 16 (12) 1 (<1) Abdominal pain$ 13 (10) 5 ( 4) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Back pain 18 (13) 2 (1) Muscle spasms 17 (13) 1 (<1) Arthralgia 11 (8) 2 (1) Muscular weakness$ 8 (6) 2 ( 1) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Cough 38 (28) 1 (<1) Dyspnea$ 24 (18) 8 (6) Pleural Effusion 10 (7) 2 (1) Hypoxia 3 (2) 2 (1) Pulmonary embolism 3 (2) 2 ( 1) Respiratory distress$ 2 (1) 2 (1) Oropharyngeal pain 13 (10) 0 Infections and infestations Pneumonia@ $ 19 (14) 12 (9) Upper respiratory tract infection 17 (13) 0 Cellulitis$ 3 (2) 2 (1) Bacteremia$ 2 (1) 2 (1) Staphylococcal sepsis$ 2 (1) 2 (1) Urinary tract infection$ 5 (4) 2 (1) Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash + 30 (22) 2 (1) Pruritus 23 (17) 1 (<1) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia 65 (49) 58 (43) Thrombocytopenia% $ 48 (36) 37 (28) Anemia$ 41 (31) 15 (11) Leukopenia$ 20 (15) 9 (7) Lymphopenia 10 ( 7) 5 (4) Febrile neutropenia$ 8 (6) 8 (6) Metabolism and nutrition disorders Decreased appetite 19 (14) 1 (<1) Hypokalemia 17 (13) 3 (2) Dehydration$ 10 (7) 4 (3) Hypocalcemia 4 (3) 2 (1) Hyponatremia 3 (2) 3 (2) Renal and urinary disorders Renal failure$ 5 (4) 2 (1) Vascular disorders Hypotension@ $ 9 (7) 4 (3) Deep vein thrombosis$ 5 (4) 5 (4) Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps) Tumor flare 13 (10) 0 Squamous cell carcinoma of skin$ 4 (3) 4 (3) Investigations Weight decreased 17 (13) 0
1-MCL trial AEs – All treatment emergent AEs with ≥10% of subjects.2-MCL trial Grade 3/4 AEs – All treatment-emergent Grade 3/4 AEs in 2 or more subjects.$-MCL trial Serious AEs – All treatment-emergent SAEs in 2 or more subjects.@ - Adverse reactions where at least one resulted in a fatal outcome.% - Adverse reactions where at least one was considered to be Life Threatening (if the outcome of the event was death, it is included with death cases).# - All adverse reactions under Body System of Infections except for rare infections of Public Health interest will be considered uled.+ - All adverse reactions under HLT of Rash will be considered uled.The following adverse reactions which have occurred in other indications including another MCL study and not described above have been reported (1% to 10%) in patients treated with lenalidomide monotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Cardiac disorder: Cardiac failureEar and labyrinth disorders: VertigoGeneral disorders and administration site conditions: ChillsInfections and infestations: Respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, oral herpesMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Pain in extremityNervous system disorders: Dysgeusia, headache, neuropathy peripheral, lethargyPsychiatric disorders: InsomniaSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Dry skin, night sweatsThe following serious adverse reactions not described above and reported in 2 or more patients treated with lenalidomide monotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma.Blood and lymphatic system disorders: NeutropeniaCardiac disorder: Myocardial infarction (including acute MI), supraventricular tachycardiaInfections and infestations: Clostridium difficile colitis, sepsisNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps): Basal cell carcinomaRespiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolismFollicular Lymphoma or Marginal Zone LymphomaThe safety of lenalidomide/ rituximab was evaluated in 398 patients with either previously treated follicular lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma in two clinical trials; AUGMENT (N=176) and MAGNIFY (N=222) [see Clinical Studies (14.4)]. Subjects were 18 years or older in age, had an ECOG PS ≤2, ANC ≥1,000 cells/mm3 and platelets≥ 75,000/mm3 (unless secondary to bone marrow involvement by lymphoma), hemoglobin ≥8g/dL, AST and ALT ≤ 3 times ULN (unless documented liver involvement with lymphoma, and creatinine clearance of ≥ 30mL/min. Subjects with active HIV, hepatitis B or C were not eligible.In the AUGMENT trial, patients received lenalidomide 20 mg daily by mouth on days 1 to 21 of each 28 day cycle with rituximab 375 mg/m2 weekly (days 1, 8, 15 and 22 in cycle 1) then on day 1 of cycles 2 to 5 (n=176) or placebo with rituximab 375 mg/m2 weekly (days 1, 8, 15 and 22 in cycle 1) then on day 1 of cycles 2-5 (n=180) for up to 12 cycles. In the MAGNIFY trial, patients received lenalidomide 20 mg by mouth daily, days 1 to 21 of each 28 day cycle with rituximab 375 mg/m2 weekly (days 1, 8, 15 and 22 in cycle 1) then on day 1 of cycles 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in the induction phase of the trial (n=222). In the AUGMENT trial, 88.1% of patients completed at least 6 cycles of lenalidomide/rituximab, and 71% of patients completed 12 cycles. In the ongoing MAGNIFY trial as of May 1, 2017, 62.2% of patients completed at least 6 cycles of lenalidomide/rituximab, and 30.6% of patients completed 12 cycles.Across both clinical trials (AUGMENT and MAGNIFY), patients had a median age of 64.5 years (26 to 91); 49% were male; and 81% were White.Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 6 patients (1.5%) receiving lenalidomide/rituximab. Fatal adverse reactions (1 each) included cardio-respiratory arrest, arrhythmia, cardiopulmonary failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, sepsis, and acute kidney injury. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients receiving lenalidomide/rituximab in AUGMENT and 29% in MAGNIFY. The most frequent serious adverse reaction that occurred in ≥ 2.5% of patients in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm was febrile neutropenia (3%). Permanent discontinuation of lenalidomide or rituximab due to an adverse reaction occurred in 14.6% of patients in the lenalidomide/rituximab arm. The most common adverse reaction (in at least 1%) requiring permanent discontinuation of lenalidomide or rituximab was neutropenia (4.8%).The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of subjects were; neutropenia (48%), fatigue (37%), diarrhea (32%), constipation (27%), nausea (21%), and cough (20%).Table 12: All Grade Adverse Reactions (≥5%) or Grade 3/4 Adverse Reactions (≥1%) in Patients with FL and MZL with a Difference Between Arms of >1% When Compared to Control Arm in AUGMENT Trial
Body System
Adverse Reaction*
All Adverse Reactions 1 Grade 3 / 4 Adverse Reactions 2
Lenalidomide + Rituximab Arm (N=176)
n (%)
Rituximab + Placebo (Control Arm) (N=180) n (%) Lenalidomide + Rituximab Arm (N=176) n (%) Rituximab + Placebo (Control Arm) (N=180) n (%) Infections and infestations Upper respiratory tract infection
32 (18)
23 (13)
2 (1.1)
4 (2.2)
Influenza %
17 (10)
8 (4.4)
1 (< 1)
0 (0)
Pneumonia 3,$,%
13 (7)
6 (3.3)
6 (3.4)
4 (2.2)
Sinusitis
13 (7)
5 (2.8)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Urinary tract infection$
13 (7)
7 (3.9)
1 (< 1)
1 (< 1)
Bronchitis
8 (4.5)
6 (3.3)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Gastroenteritis $
6 (3.4)
4 (2.2)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps) Tumor flare $
19 (11)
1 (< 1)
1 (< 1)
0 (0)
Blood and lymphatic disorders Neutropenia 3,$, %
102 (58)
40 (22)
88 (50)
23 (13)
Leukopenia $,%
36 (20)
17 (9)
12 (7)
3 (1.7)
Anemia 3,$
28 (16)
8 (4.4)
8 (4.5)
1 (< 1)
Thrombocytopenia3,$,%
26 (15)
8 (4.4)
4 (2.3)
2 (1.1)
Lymphopenia
8 (4.5)
14 (8)
5 (2.8)
2 (1.1)
Febrile
Neutropenia3,$,%
5 (2.8)
1 (< 1)
5 (2.8)
1 (< 1)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Decreased Appetite
23 (13)
11 (6)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Hypokalemia %
14 (8)
5 (2.8)
4 (2.3)
0 (0)
Hyperuricemia
10 (6)
8 (4.4)
1 (< 1)
1 (< 1)
Nervous system disorders
Headache
26 (15)
17 (9)
1 (< 1)
0 (0)
Dizziness
15 (9)
9 (5)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Vascular disorders
Hypotension %
9 (5)
1 (< 1)
1 (< 1)
0 (0)
Thromboembolicevents a,$
8 (4.5)
2 (1.1)
4 (2.3)
2 (1.1)
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough b
43 (24)
35 (19)
1 (< 1)
0 (0)
Dyspnea $
19 (11)
8 (4.4)
2 (1.1)
1 (< 1)
Oropharyngeal pain
10 (6)
8 (4.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
PulmonaryEmbolism 3,$
4 (2.3)
1 (< 1)
4 (2.3)
1 (< 1)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease $
3 (1.7)
0 (0)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Respiratory failure 3,$
2 (1.1)
1 (< 1)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhea $,%
55 (31)
41 (23)
5 (2.8)
0 (0)
Constipation
46 (26)
25 (14)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Abdominal pain c ,$
32 (18)
20 (11)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Vomiting $
17 (10)
13 (7)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Dyspepsia
16 (9)
5 (2.8)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Stomatitis
9 (5)
7 (3.9)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rash $,d
39 (22)
14 (8)
5 (2.8)
2 (1.1)
Pruritus $,e
36 (20)
9 (5)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Dry skin
9 (5)
6 (3.3)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Dermatitis acneiform
8 (4.5)
0 (0)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Muscle Spasms
23 (13)
9 (5)
1 (< 1)
1 (< 1)
Pain in Extremity $
8 (4.5)
9 (5)
2 (1)
0 (0)
Renal disorders
Acute KidneyInjury 3,$,@,%
3 (1.7)
0 (0)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
Cardiac disorders
Supraventricular tachycardia 3,$
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
General disorders and administration site conditions
Fatigue
38 (22)
33 (18)
2 (1.1)
1 (< 1)
Pyrexia 3,$
37 (21)
27 (15)
1 (< 1)
3 (1.7)
Asthenia $,%
24 (14)
19 (11)
2 (1.1)
1 (< 1)
Edema Peripheral $
23 (13)
16 (9)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Chills
14 (8)
8 (4.4)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Malaise
13 (7)
10 (6)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Influenza like illness
9 (5)
7 (3.9)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia
14 (8)
11 (6)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Investigations
Alanine Aminotransferase Increased
18 (10)
15 (8)
3 (1.7)
1 (< 1)
WBC count decreased
16 (9)
13 (7)
5 (2.8)
2 (1.1)
Lymphocyte count decreased
12 (7)
12 (7)
6 (3.4)
2 (1.1)
Blood bilirubin increased
10 (6)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Weight Decreased
12 (7)
2 (1.1)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Note : Adverse reactions are coded to body system/adverse reaction using MedDRA 21. A patient with multiple occurrencesof an adverse reaction is counted only once under the applicable Body System/Adverse reaction.1 All treatment-emergent AEs in at least 5% of patients in the lenalidomide + rituximab group and at least 1% higher frequency (%) than the rituximab + placebo group (control arm).2 All grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent AEs in at least 1% of patients in the lenalidomide+ rituximab group and at least 1% higher frequency (%) than the rituximab + placebo group (control arm).3 All serious treatment-emergent AEs in at least 1% of patients in the lenalidomide+ rituximab group and at least 1% higher frequency (%) than the rituximab + placebo group (control arm).$ Serious ADR reported.@ - adverse reactions in which at least one resulted in a fatal outcome.% - adverse reactions in which at least one was considered to be life threatening (if the outcome of the reaction was death, it is included with death cases).* Adverse Reactions for combined ADR terms (based on relevant TEAE PTs [per MedDRA version 21.0]):a “Thromboembolic events” combined term includes the following PTs: pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, cerebrovascular accident, embolism, and thrombosis.b “Cough” combined AE term includes the following PTs: cough and productive cough.c “Abdominal pain” combined AE term includes the following PTs: abdominal pain and abdominal pain upper.d “Rash” combined AE term includes the following PTs: rash maculo-papular, rash erythematous, rash macular, rash papular, rash pruritic, and rash generalized.e “Pruritus” combined AE term includes the following PTs: pruritus, pruritus generalized, rash pruritic, and pruritus allergic.
6.2Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse drug reactions have been identified from the worldwide post-marketing experience with lenalidomide. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure [see Warnings and Precautions Section (5.8 to 5.11, and 5.13)]
Endocrine disorders: Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism
Hepatobiliary disorders: Hepatic failure (including fatality), toxic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, cholestatic hepatitis, mixed cytolytic/cholestatic hepatitis, transient abnormal liver laboratory tests
Immune system disorders: Angioedema, anaphylaxis, acute graft-versus-host disease (following allogeneic hematopoietic transplant), solid organ transplant rejection
Infections and infestations: Viral reactivation (such as hepatitis B virus and herpes zoster), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps): Tumor lysis syndrome, tumor flare reaction
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Pneumonitis
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
8 Use In Specific Populations
• Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed (8.2).8.1 Pregnancy
Pregnancy Exposure Registry
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in females exposed to lenalidomide during pregnancy as well as female partners of male patients who are exposed to lenalidomide. This registry is also used to understand the root cause for the pregnancy. Report any suspected fetal exposure to lenalidomide to the FDA via the MedWatch program at 1-800-FDA-1088 and also to REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436.
Risk Summary
Based on the mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] and findings from animal studies [see Data], lenalidomide can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female and is contraindicated during pregnancy [see Boxed Warning, Contraindications (4.1), and Use in Specific Populations (5.1)].
Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analogue. Thalidomide is a human teratogen, inducing a high frequency of severe and life-threatening birth defects such as amelia (absence of limbs), phocomelia (short limbs), hypoplasticity of the bones, absence of bones, external ear abnormalities (including anotia, micropinna, small or absent external auditory canals), facial palsy, eye abnormalities (anophthalmos, microphthalmos), and congenital heart defects. Alimentary tract, urinary tract, and genital malformations have also been documented and mortality at or shortly after birth has been reported in about 40% of infants.
Lenalidomide caused thalidomide-type limb defects in monkey offspring. Lenalidomide crossed the placenta after administration to pregnant rabbits and pregnant rats [see Data]. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential risk to a fetus.
If pregnancy does occur during treatment, immediately discontinue the drug. Under these conditions, refer patient to an obstetrician/gynecologist experienced in reproductive toxicity for further evaluation and counseling. Report any suspected fetal exposure to lenalidomide to the FDA via the MedWatch program at 1-800-FDA-1088 and also to REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. The estimated background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
Data
Animal data
In an embryo-fetal developmental toxicity study in monkeys, teratogenicity, including thalidomide-like limb defects, occurred in offspring when pregnant monkeys received oral lenalidomide during organogenesis. Exposure (AUC) in monkeys at the lowest dose was 0.17 times the human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 25 mg. Similar studies in pregnant rabbits and rats at 20 times and 200 times the MRHD respectively, produced embryo lethality in rabbits and no adverse reproductive effects in rats.
In a pre- and post-natal development study in rats, animals received lenalidomide from organogenesis through lactation. The study revealed a few adverse effects on the offspring of female rats treated with lenalidomide at doses up to 500 mg/kg (approximately 200 times the human dose of 25 mg based on body surface area). The male offspring exhibited slightly delayed sexual maturation and the female offspring had slightly lower body weight gains during gestation when bred to male offspring. As with thalidomide, the rat model may not adequately address the full spectrum of potential human embryo-fetal developmental effects for lenalidomide.
Following daily oral administration of lenalidomide from Gestation Day 7 through Gestation Day 20 in pregnant rabbits, fetal plasma lenalidomide concentrations were approximately 20 to 40% of the maternal Cmax. Following a single oral dose to pregnant rats, lenalidomide was detected in fetal plasma and tissues; concentrations of radioactivity in fetal tissues were generally lower than those in maternal tissues. These data indicated that lenalidomide crossed the placenta.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There is no information regarding the presence of lenalidomide in human milk, the effects of lenalidomide on the breastfed child, or the effects of lenalidomide on milk production. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for adverse reactions in breastfed children from lenalidomide, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with lenalidomide.
8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
Pregnancy Testing
Lenalidomide can cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating lenalidomide therapy and during therapy. Advise females of reproductive potential that they must avoid pregnancy 4 weeks before therapy, while taking lenalidomide, during dose interruptions and for at least 4 weeks after completing therapy.
Females of reproductive potential must have 2 negative pregnancy tests before initiating lenalidomide. The first test should be performed within 10 to 14 days, and the second test within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide. Once treatment has started and during dose interruptions, pregnancy testing for females of reproductive potential should occur weekly during the first 4 weeks of use, then pregnancy testing should be repeated every 4 weeks in females with regular menstrual cycles. If menstrual cycles are irregular, the pregnancy testing should occur every 2 weeks. Pregnancy testing and counseling should be performed if a patient misses her period or if there is any abnormality in her menstrual bleeding. Lenalidomide treatment must be discontinued during this evaluation.
Contraception
Females
Females of reproductive potential must commit either to abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse or to use 2 methods of reliable birth control simultaneously: one highly effective form of contraception – tubal ligation, IUD, hormonal (birth control pills, injections, hormonal patches, vaginal rings, or implants), or partner’s vasectomy, and 1 additional effective contraceptive method – male latex or synthetic condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. Contraception must begin 4 weeks prior to initiating treatment with lenalidomide, during therapy, during dose interruptions, and continuing for 4 weeks following discontinuation of lenalidomide therapy. Reliable contraception is indicated even where there has been a history of infertility, unless due to hysterectomy. Females of reproductive potential should be referred to a qualified provider of contraceptive methods, if needed.
Males
Lenalidomide is present in the semen of males who take lenalidomide. Therefore, males must always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with females of reproductive potential while taking lenalidomide and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy. Male patients taking lenalidomide must not donate sperm and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use
MM In Combination: Overall, of the 1613 patients in the NDMM study who received study treatment, 94% (1521 /1613) were 65 years of age or older, while 35% (561/1613) were over 75 years of age. The percentage of patients over age 75 was similar between study arms (Rd Continuous: 33%; Rd18: 34%; MPT: 33%). Overall, across all treatment arms, the frequency in most of the adverse reaction categories (e.g., all adverse reactions, grade 3/4 adverse reactions, serious adverse reactions) was higher in older (> 75 years of age) than in younger (≤ 75 years of age) subjects. Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions in the General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions body system were consistently reported at a higher frequency (with a difference of at least 5%) in older subjects than in younger subjects across all treatment arms. Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions in the Infections and Infestations, Cardiac Disorders (including cardiac failure and congestive cardiac failure), Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders, and Renal and Urinary Disorders (including renal failure) body systems were also reported slightly, but consistently, more frequently (<5% difference), in older subjects than in younger subjects across all treatment arms. For other body systems (e.g., Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders, Infections and Infestations, Cardiac Disorders, Vascular Disorders), there was a less consistent trend for increased frequency of grade 3/4 adverse reactions in older vs younger subjects across all treatment arms Serious adverse reactions were generally reported at a higher frequency in the older subjects than in the younger subjects across all treatment arms.
MM Maintenance Therapy: Overall, 10% (106/1018) of patients were 65 years of age or older, while no patients were over 75 years of age. Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients. The frequency of Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions in the Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders were higher in the lenalidomide arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients. There were not a sufficient number of patients 65 years of age or older in lenalidomide maintenance studies who experienced either a serious adverse reaction, or discontinued therapy due to an adverse reaction to determine whether elderly patients respond relative to safety differently from younger patients.
MM After At Least One Prior Therapy: Of the 703 MM patients who received study treatment in Studies 1 and 2, 45% were age 65 or over while 12% of patients were age 75 and over. The percentage of patients age 65 or over was not significantly different between the lenalidomide /dexamethasone and placebo/dexamethasone groups. Of the 353 patients who received lenalidomide/dexamethasone, 46% were age 65 and over. In both studies, patients > 65 years of age were more likely than patients ≤ 65 years of age to experience DVT, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, and renal failure following use of lenalidomide. No differences in efficacy were observed between patients over 65 years of age and younger patients.
Of the 148 patients with del 5q MDS enrolled in the major study, 38% were age 65 and over, while 33% were age 75 and over. Although the overall frequency of adverse reactions (100%) was the same in patients over 65 years of age as in younger patients, the frequency of serious adverse reactions was higher in patients over 65 years of age than in younger patients (54% vs. 33%). A greater proportion of patients over 65 years of age discontinued from the clinical studies because of adverse reactions than the proportion of younger patients (27% vs.16%). No differences in efficacy were observed between patients over 65 years of age and younger patients.
Of the 134 patients with MCL enrolled in the MCL trial, 63% were age 65 and over, while 22% of patients were age 75 and over. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar in patients over 65 years of age and in younger patients (98% vs. 100%). The overall incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions was also similar in these 2 patient groups (79% vs. 78%, respectively). The frequency of serious adverse reactions was higher in patients over 65 years of age than in younger patients (55% vs. 41%). No differences in efficacy were observed between patients over 65 years of age and younger patients.
FL or MZL in Combination: Overall, 48% (282/590) of patients were 65 years of age or older, while 14% (82/590) of patients were over 75 years of age. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar in patients 65 years of age or older and younger patients for both studies pooled (98%). Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients (71% versus 59%). The frequency of Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients in the Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders (47% versus 40%) and Infections and Infestations (16% versus 11%). Serious adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients (37% versus 18%). The frequency of serious adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients in Infections and Infestations (15% versus 6%).
Since elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection. Monitor renal function.
8.6 Renal Impairment
Adjust the starting dose of lenalidomide based on the creatinine clearance value and for patients on dialysis [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].
10 Overdosage
There is no specific experience in the management of lenalidomide overdose in patients with MM, MDS, MCL, FL, or MZL. In dose-ranging studies in healthy subjects, some were exposed to up to 200 mg (administered 100 mg BID) and in single-dose studies, some subjects were exposed to up to 400 mg. Pruritus, urticaria, rash, and elevated liver transaminases were the primary reported AEs. In clinical trials, the dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
11 Description
Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, is an immunomodulatory agent with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic properties. The chemical name is 3-(4-amino-1-oxo 1,3- dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) piperidine-2,6-dione and it has the following molecular structure:
The molecular formula for lenalidomide is C13H13N3O3, and the gram molecular weight is 259.3.
Lenalidomide is an off white to pale yellow powder. It is slightly soluble in methanol, acetonitrile and 0.1N hydrochloric solution. Lenalidomide has an asymmetric carbon atom and can exist as the optically active forms S(-) and R(+), and is produced as a racemic mixture with a net optical rotation of zero.
Lenalidomide is available in 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg and 25 mg capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains lenalidomide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. The capsule shell for all the strengths contains gelatin and titanium dioxide. The green imprinting ink contains FD&C Blue # 2 Aluminum Lake, ferric oxide yellow, propylene glycol, shellac, strong ammonia solution, and titanium dioxide (2.5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg). The black imprinting ink contains ferrosoferric oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac, and strong ammonia solution (5 mg and 25 mg). The blue imprinting ink contains FD&C Blue# 2 Aluminum Lake, propylene glycol, shellac, and strong ammonia solution (15 mg and 20 mg). The yellow imprinting ink contains ferric oxide yellow, propylene glycol, shellac, and strong ammonia solution (10 mg).
12 Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Lenalidomide is an analogue of thalidomide with immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and antineoplastic properties. Cellular activities of lenalidomide are mediated through its target cereblon, a component of a cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme complex. In vitro, in the presence of drug, substrate proteins (including Aiolos, Ikaros, and CK1α) are targeted for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation leading to direct cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. Lenalidomide inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of certain hematopoietic tumor cells including MM, mantle cell lymphoma, and del (5q) myelodysplastic syndromes, follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma in vitro. Lenalidomide causes a delay in tumor growth in some in vivo nonclinical hematopoietic tumor models including MM. Immunomodulatory properties of lenalidomide include increased number and activation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells leading to direct and enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via increased secretion of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, increased numbers of NKT cells, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) by monocytes. In MM cells, the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone synergizes the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. The combination of lenalidomide and rituximab increases ADCC and direct tumor apoptosis in follicular lymphoma cells and increases ADCC in marginal zone lymphoma cells compared to rituximab alone in vitro.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Cardiac Electrophysiology
The effect of lenalidomide on the QTc interval was evaluated in 60 healthy male subjects in a thorough QT study. At a dose two times the maximum recommended dose, lenalidomide did not prolong the QTc interval. The largest upper bound of the two-sided 90% CI for the mean differences between lenalidomide and placebo was below 10 ms.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Following single and multiple doses of lenalidomide in patients with MM or MDS, the maximum plasma concentrations occurred between 0.5 and 6 hours post-dose. The single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic disposition of lenalidomide is linear with AUC and Cmax values increasing proportionally with dose. Multiple doses of lenalidomide at the recommended dosage does not result in drug accumulation.
Administration of a single 25 mg dose of lenalidomide with a high-fat meal in healthy subjects reduces the extent of absorption, with an approximate 20% decrease in AUC and 50% decrease in Cmax. In the trials where the efficacy and safety were established for lenalidomide, the drug was administered without regard to food intake. Lenalidomide can be administered with or without food.
The oral absorption rate of lenalidomide in patients with MCL is similar to that observed in patients with MM or MDS.
Distribution
In vitro [14C]-lenalidomide binding to plasma proteins is approximately 30%.
Lenalidomide is present in semen at 2 hours (1379 ng/ejaculate) and 24 hours (35 ng/ejaculate) after the administration of lenalidomide 25 mg daily.
Elimination
The mean half-life of lenalidomide is 3 hours in healthy subjects and 3 to 5 hours in patients with
Metabolism
Lenalidomide undergoes limited metabolism. Unchanged lenalidomide is the predominant circulating component in humans. Two identified metabolites are 5- hydroxy-lenalidomide and N-acetyl-lenalidomide; each constitutes less than 5% of parent levels in circulation.
Excretion
Elimination is primarily renal. Following a single oral administration of [14C]-lenalidomide 25 mg to healthy subjects, approximately 90% and 4% of the radioactive dose was eliminated within ten days in urine and feces, respectively. Approximately 82% of the radioactive dose was excreted as lenalidomide in the urine within 24 hours. Hydroxy-lenalidomide and N-acetyl-lenalidomide represented 4.6% and 1.8% of the excreted dose, respectively. The renal clearance of lenalidomide exceeds the glomerular filtration rate.
Specific Populations
Renal Impairment: Eight subjects with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance (CLcr) 50 to 79 mL/min calculated using Cockcroft-Gault), 9 subjects with moderate renal impairment (CLcr 30 to 49 mL/min), 4 subjects with severe renal impairment (CLcr < 30 mL/min), and 6 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis were administered a single 25 mg dose of lenalidomide. Three healthy subjects of similar age with normal renal function (CLcr > 80 mL/min) were also administered a single 25 mg dose of lenalidomide. As CLcr decreased, half-life increased and drug clearance decreased linearly. Patients with moderate and severe impairment had a 3-fold increase in half-life and a 66% to 75% decrease in drug clearance compared to healthy subjects. Patients on hemodialysis (n = 6) had an approximate 4.5-fold increase in half-life and an 80% decrease in drug clearance compared to healthy subjects. Approximately 30% of the drug in body was removed during a 4-hour hemodialysis session.
Adjust the starting dose of lenalidomide in patients with renal impairment based on the CLcr value [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].
Hepatic Impairment: Mild hepatic impairment (defined as total bilirubin > 1 to 1.5 times upper limit normal (ULN) or any aspartate transaminase greater than ULN) did not influence the disposition of lenalidomide. No pharmacokinetic data is available for patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment.
Other Intrinsic Factors: Age (39 to 85 years), body weight (33 to 135 kg), sex, race, and type of hematological malignancies (MM, MDS or MCL) did not have a clinically relevant effect on lenalidomide clearance in adult patients.
Drug Interactions
Co-administration of a single dose or multiple doses of dexamethasone (40 mg) had no clinically relevant effect on the multiple dose pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide (25 mg).
Co-administration of lenalidomide (25 mg) after multiple doses of a P-gp inhibitor such as quinidine (600 mg twice daily) did not significantly increase the Cmax or AUC of lenalidomide.
Co-administration of the P-gp inhibitor and substrate temsirolimus (25 mg), with lenalidomide (25 mg) did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide, temsirolimus, or sirolimus (metabolite of temsirolimus).
In vitro studies demonstrated that lenalidomide is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). lenalidomide is not a substrate of human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transporters MRP1, MRP2, or MRP3, organic anion transporters (OAT) OAT1 and OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), organic cation transporters (OCT) OCT1 and OCT2, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE)
MATE1, and organic cation transporters novel (OCTN) OCTN1 and OCTN2. Lenalidomide is not an inhibitor of P-gp, bile salt export pump (BSEP), BCRP, MRP2, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or OCT2. Lenalidomide does not inhibit or induce CYP450 isoenzymes. Also, lenalidomide does not inhibit bilirubin glucuronidation formation in human liver microsomes with UGT1A1 genotyped as UGT1A1*1/*1, UGT1A1*1/*28, and UGT1A1*28/*28.
13 Nonclinical Toxicology
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenicity studies with lenalidomide have not been conducted.
Lenalidomide was not mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and did not induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, or mutations at the thymidine kinase (tk) locus of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. Lenalidomide did not increase morphological transformation in Syrian Hamster Embryo assay or induce micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of male rats.
A fertility and early embryonic development study in rats, with administration of lenalidomide up to 500 mg/kg (approximately 200 times the human dose of 25 mg, based on body surface area) produced no parental toxicity and no adverse effects on fertility.
14 Clinical Studies
14.1 Multiple Myeloma
Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial in Patients with Newly Diagnosed MM: A randomized multicenter, open-label, 3-arm trial of 1,623 patients, was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone (Rd) given for 2 different durations of time to that of melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) in newly diagnosed MM patients who were not a candidate for stem cell transplant. In the first arm of the study, Rd was given continuously until progressive disease [Arm Rd Continuous]. In the second arm, Rd was given for up to eighteen 28-day cycles [72 weeks, Arm Rd18]). In the third arm, melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) was given for a maximum of twelve 42-day cycles (72 weeks). For the purposes of this study, a patient who was < 65 years of age was not a candidate for SCT if the patient refused to undergo SCT therapy or the patient did not have access to SCT due to cost or other reasons. Patients were stratified at randomization by age (≤ 75 versus > 75 years), stage (ISS Stages I and II versus Stage III), and country.Patients in the Rd Continuous and Rd18 arms received lenalidomide 25 mg once daily on Days 1 to 21 of 28-day cycles. Dexamethasone was dosed 40 mg once daily on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each 28-day cycle. For patients over > 75 years old, the starting dose of dexamethasone was 20 mg orally once daily on days 1,8,15, and 22 of repeated 28-day cycles. Initial dose and regimens for Rd Continuous and Rd18 were adjusted according to age and renal function. All patients received prophylactic anticoagulation with the most commonly used being aspirin.The demographics and disease-related baseline characteristics of the patients were balanced among the 3 arms. In general, study subjects had advanced-stage disease. Of the total study population, the median age was 73 in the 3 arms with 35% of total patients > 75 years of age; 59% had ISS Stage I/II; 41% had ISS stage III; 9% had severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLcr] < 30 mL/min); 23% had moderate renal impairment (CLcr > 30 to 50 mL/min; 44% had mild renal impairment (CLcr > 50 to 80 mL/min). For ECOG Performance Status, 29% were Grade 0, 49% Grade 1, 21% Grade 2, 0.4% ≥ Grade 3.The primary efficacy endpoint, progression-free survival (PFS), was defined as the time from randomization to the first documentation of disease progression as determined by Independent Response Adjudication Committee (IRAC), based on International Myeloma Working Group [IMWG] criteria or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first during the study until the end of the PFS follow-up phase. For the efficacy analysis of all endpoints, the primary comparison was between Rd Continuous and MPT arms. The efficacy results are summarized in the table below. PFS was significantly longer with Rd Continuous than MPT: HR 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.85 p < 0.0001). A lower percentage of subjects in the Rd Continuous arm compared with the MPT arm had PFS events (52% versus 61%, respectively). The improvement in median PFS time in the Rd Continuous arm compared with the MPT arm was 4.3 months. The myeloma response rate was higher with Rd Continuous compared with MPT (75.1% versus 62.3%); with a complete response in 15.1% of Rd Continuous arm patients versus 9.3% in the MPT arm. The median time to first response was 1.8 months in the Rd Continuous arm versus 2.8 months in the MPT arm.For the interim OS analysis with 03 March 2014 data cutoff, the median follow-up time for all surviving patients is 45.5 months, with 697 death events, representing 78% of prespecified events required for the planned final OS analysis (697/896 of the final OS events). The observed OS HR was 0.75 for Rd Continuous versus MPT (95% CI = 0.62, 0.90).
Table 13: Overview of Efficacy Results – Study MM-020 (Intent-to-treat Population)
Rd Continuous (N = 535) Rd18 (N = 541) MPT (N = 547) PFS – IRAC (months)g Number of PFS events 278 (52) 348 (64.3) 334 (61.1) Mediana PFS time, months (95% CI)b 25.5 (20.7, 29.4) 20.7 (19.4, 22) 21.2 (19.3, 23.2) HR [95% CI]c; p-valued Rd Continuous vs MPT
0.72 (0.61, 0.85);
< 0.0001
Rd Continuous vs Rd18 0.70 (0.60, 0.82) Rd18 vs MPT 1.03 (0.89, 1.20) Overall Survival (months)h Number of Death events 208 (38.9) 228 (42.1) 261 (47.7) Mediana OS time, months (95% CI)b 58.9 (56, NE)f 56.7 (50.1, NE) 48.5 (44.2, 52 ) HR [95% CI]c Rd Continuous vs MPT 0.75 (0.62, 0.90) Rd Continuous vs Rd18 0.91 (0.75, 1.09) Rd18 vs MPT 0.83 (0.69, 0.99) Response Ratee – IRAC, n (%)g CR 81 (15.1) 77 (14.2)
51 (9.3)
VGPR 152 (28.4) 154 (28.5) 103 (18.8) PR 169 (31.6) 166 (30.7) 187 (34.2) Overall response: CR, VGPR, or PR 402 (75.1) 397 (73.4) 341 (62.3)
CR = complete response; d = low-dose dexamethasone; HR = hazard ratio; IRAC = Independent Response Adjudication Committee; M = melphalan; NE = not estimable; OS = overall survival; P = prednisone; PFS = progression-free survival; PR = partial response; R = lenalidomide; RdContinuous = Rd given until documentation of progressive disease; Rd18 = Rd given for ≤ 18 cycles; T = thalidomide; VGPR = very good partial response; vs= versus.1.The median is based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate.2.The 95% Confidence Interval (CI) about the median.3.Based on Cox proportional hazards model comparing the hazard functions associated with the indicated treatment arms.4.The p-value is based on the unstratified log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curve differences between the indicated treatment arms.5.Best assessment of response during the treatment phase of the study6.Including patients with no response assessment data or whose only assessment was “response not evaluable.”7.Data cutoff date = 24 May 2013.8.Data cutoff date = 3 March 2014.
Kaplan-Meier Curves of Progression-free Survival Based on IRAC Assessment (ITT Population) Between Arms Rd Continuous, Rd18 and MPT
Cutoff date: 24 May 2013
CI = confidence interval; d = low-dose dexamethasone; HR = hazard ratio; IRAC = Independent Response Adjudication Committee; M = melphalan; P = prednisone; R = lenalidomide; Rd Continuous = Rd given until documentation of progressive disease; Rd18 = Rd given for ≤ 18 cycles; T = thalidomide.
Kaplan-Meier Curves of Overall Survival (ITT Population) Between Arms Rd Continuous, Rd18 and MPT
Cutoff date: 03 Mar 2014
CI = confidence interval; d = low-dose dexamethasone; HR = hazard ratio; M = melphalan; P = prednisone; R = lenalidomide; Rd Continuous = Rd given until documentation of progressive disease; Rd18 = Rd given for ≤18 cycles; T = thalidomide.Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials - Maintenance Following Auto-HSCT:Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide maintenance therapy in the treatment of MM patients after auto-HSCT. In Maintenance Study 1, patients between 18 and 70 years of age who had undergone induction therapy followed by auto-HSCT were eligible. Induction therapy must have occurred within 12 months. Within 90-100 days after auto-HSCT, patients with at least a stable disease response were randomized 1:1 to receive either lenalidomide or placebo maintenance. In Maintenance Study 2, patients aged < 65 years at diagnosis who had undergone induction therapy followed by auto-HSCT and had achieved at least a stable disease response at the time of hematologic recovery were eligible. Within 6 months after auto-HSCT, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either lenalidomide or placebo maintenance. Patients eligible for both trials had to have CLcr ≥30 mL/minute.In both studies, the lenalidomide maintenance dose was 10 mg once daily on days 1 to 28 of repeated 28-day cycles, could be increased to 15 mg once daily after 3 months in the absence of dose-limiting toxicity, and treatment was to be continued until disease progression or patient withdrawal for another reason. The dose was reduced, or treatment was temporarily interrupted or stopped, as needed to manage toxicity. A dose increase to 15 mg once daily occurred in 135 patients (58%) in Maintenance Study 1, and in 185 patients (60%) in Maintenance Study 2.The demographics and disease-related baseline characteristics of the patients were similar across the two studies and reflected a typical MM population after auto-HSCT (see Table 14).
Table 14: Baseline Demographic and Disease-Related Characteristics – MM Maintenance Studies 1 and 2
Maintenance Study 1 Maintenance Study 2 LenalidomideN = 231 PlaceboN = 229 LenalidomideN = 307 PlaceboN = 307 Age (years) Median 58 58 57.5 58.1 (Min, max) (29, 71) (39, 71) (22.7, 68.3) (32.3, 67) Sex, n (%) Male 121 (52) 129 (56) 169 (55) 181 (59) Female 110 (48) 100 (44) 138 (45) 126 (41) ISS Stage at Diagnosis, n (%) Stage I or II 120 (52) 131 (57) 232 (76) 250 (81) Stage I 62 (27) 85 (37) 128 (42) 143 (47) Stage II 58 (25) 46 (20) 104 (34) 107 (35) Stage III 39 (17) 35 (15) 66 (21) 46 (15) Missing 72 (31) 63 (28) 9 (3) 11 (4) CrCl at Post-auto-HSCT, n (%) < 50 mL/min 23 (10) 16 (7) 10 (3) 9 (3) ≥50 mL/min 201 (87) 204 (89) 178 (58) 200 (65) Missing 7 (3) 9 (4) 119 (39) 98 (32)
Data cutoff date = 1 March 2015.The major efficacy endpoint of both studies was PFS defined from randomization to the date of progression or death, whichever occurred first; the individual studies were not powered for an overall survival endpoint. Both studies were unblinded upon the recommendations of their respective data monitoring committees and after surpassing the respective thresholds for preplanned interim analyses of PFS. After unblinding, patients continued to be followed as before. Patients in the placebo arm of Maintenance Study 1 were allowed to cross over to receive lenalidomide before disease progression (76 patients [33%] crossed over to lenalidomide); patients in Maintenance Study 2 were not recommended to cross over. The efficacy results are summarized in the following table. In both studies, the primary analysis of PFS at unblinding was significantly longer with lenalidomide compared to placebo: Maintenance Study 1 HR 0.38 (95% CI: 0.27 to 0.54 p <0.001) and Maintenance Study 2 HR 0.50 (95% CI: 0.39 to 0.64 p <0.001). For both studies, PFS was updated with a cutoff date of 1 March 2015 as shown in the table and the following Kaplan Meier graphs. With longer follow-up (median 72.4 and 86.0 months, respectively), the updated PFS analyses for both studies continue to show a PFS advantage for lenalidomide compared to placebo: Maintenance Study 1 HR 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28 to 0.50) with median PFS of 68.6 months and Maintenance Study 2 HR 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.64) with median PFS of 46.3 months.Descriptive analysis of OS data with a cutoff date of 1 February 2016 are provided in Table 15. Median follow-up time was 81.6 and 96.7 months for Maintenance Study 1 and Maintenance Study 2, respectively. Median OS was 111.0 and 84.2 months for lenalidomide and placebo, respectively, for Maintenance Study 1, and 105.9 and 88.1 months, for lenalidomide and placebo, respectively, for Maintenance Study 2.
Table 15: Progression-free Survival and Overall Survival from Randomization in MM Maintenance Studies 1 and 2 (ITT Post-Auto-HSCT Population)
Maintenance Study 1 Maintenance Study 2 Lenalidomide N = 231 Placebo N = 229 Lenalidomide N = 307 Placebo N = 307 PFS at Unblinding PFS Events n (%) 46 (20) 98 (43) 103 (34) 160 (52) Median in months [95% CI] 33.9[NE, NE] 19[16.2, 25.6] 41.2[38.3, NE] 23.0[21.2, 28.0] Hazard Ratio[95% CI] 0.38 [0.27, 0.54] 0.50 [0.39, 0.64] Log-rank Test p-value <0.001 <0.001 PFS at Updated Analysis 1 March 2015 (Studies 1 and 2) PFS Events n (%) 97 (42) 116 (51) 191 (62) 248 (81) Median in months [95% CI] 68.6[52.8, NE] 22.5[18.8, 30.0] 46.3[40.1, 56.6] 23.8[21.0, 27.3] Hazard Ratio[95% CI] 0.38 [0.28, 0.50] 0.53 [0.44, 0.64] OS at Updated Analysis 1 Feb 2016 (Studies 1 and 2) OS Events n (%) 82 (35) 114 (50) 143 (47) 160 (52) Median in months [95% CI] 111[101.8, NE] 84.2[71.0, 102.7] 105.9[88.8, NE] 88.1[80.7, 108.4] Hazard Ratio[95% CI] 0.59 [0.44, 0.78] 0.90 [0.72, 1.13]
Date of Unblinding in Maintenance Study 1 and 2 = 17 December 2009 and 7 July 2010, respectively.Auto-HSCT = autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CI = confidence interval; ITT = intent to treat; NE = not estimable; PFS = progression-free survival.PFS at time of unblinding for Maintenance Study 2 was based on assessment by an Independent Review Committee. All other PFS analyses were based on assessment by investigator.Note: The median is based on Kaplan-Meier estimate, with 95% CIs about the median overall PFS time. Hazard ratio is based on a proportional hazards model stratified by stratification factors comparing the hazard functions associated with treatment arms (lenalidomide: placebo).Kaplan-Meier Curves of Progression-free Survival from Randomization (ITT Post-Auto-HSCT Population) in MM Maintenance Study 1 between lenalidomide and Placebo Arms (Updated Cutoff Date 1 March 2015)
Auto-HSCT = autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; ITT = intent to treat; KM = Kaplan-Meier; PFS = progression-free survival; vs = versus.Kaplan-Meier Curves of Progression-free Survival from Randomization (ITT Post-Auto-HSCT Population) in MM Maintenance Study 2 between lenalidomide and Placebo Arms (Updated Cutoff Date 1 March 2015)
Auto-HSCT = autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; ITT = intent to treat; KM = Kaplan-Meier; NE = not estimable; PFS = progression-free survival; vs = versus.Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Studies in Patients with MM After At Least One Prior TherapyTwo randomized studies (Studies 1 and 2) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide. These multicenter, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies compared lenalidomide plus oral pulse high-dose dexamethasone therapy to dexamethasone therapy alone in patients with MM who had received at least one prior treatment. These studies enrolled patients with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) ≥ 1000/mm3, platelet counts ≥ 75,000/mm3, serum creatinine ≤ 2.5 mg/dL, serum SGOT/AST or SGPT/ALT ≤ 3 times upper limit of normal (ULN), and serum direct bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dL.In both studies, patients in the lenalidomide/dexamethasone group took 25 mg of lenalidomide orally once daily on Days 1 to 21 and a matching placebo capsule once daily on Days 22 to 28 of each 28-day cycle. Patients in the placebo/dexamethasone group took 1 placebo capsule on Days 1 to 28 of each 28-day cycle. Patients in both treatment groups took 40 mg of dexamethasone orally once daily on Days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 of each 28-day cycle for the first 4 cycles of therapy.The dose of dexamethasone was reduced to 40 mg orally once daily on Days 1 to 4 of each 28-day cycle after the first 4 cycles of therapy. In both studies, treatment was to continue until disease progression.In both studies, dose adjustments were allowed based on clinical and laboratory findings. Sequential dose reductions to 15 mg daily, 10 mg daily and 5 mg daily were allowed for toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].Table 16 summarizes the baseline patient and disease characteristics in the two studies. In both studies, baseline demographic and disease-related characteristics were comparable between the lenalidomide/dexamethasone and placebo/dexamethasone groups.Table 16: Baseline Demographic and Disease-Related Characteristics – MM Studies 1 and 2
Study 1 Study 2 Lenalidomide/Dex N=177 Placebo/Dex N=176 Lenalidomide/ Dex N=176 Placebo/Dex N=175 Patient Characteristics Age (years)MedianMin, Max 6436, 86 6237, 85 6333, 84 6440, 82 SexMale Female 106 (60%)71 (40%) 104 (59%)72 (41%) 104 (59%)72 (41%) 103 (59%)72 (41%) Race/EthnicityWhiteOther 141(80%)36 (20%) 148 (84%)28 (16%) 172 (98%)4 (2%) 175 (100%)0 (0%) ECOG PerformanceStatus 0-1 157 (89%) 168 (95%) 150 (85%) 144 (82%) Disease Characteristics Multiple Myeloma Stage (Durie-Salmon)IIIIII 3%32%64% 3%31%66% 6%28%65% 5%33%63% β2-microglobulin (mg/L)≤ 2.5 mg/L> 2.5 mg/L 52 (29%)125 (71%) 51 (29%)125 (71%) 51 (29%)125 (71%) 48 (27%)127 (73%) Number of Prior Therapies 1≥ 2 38%62% 38%62% 32%68% 33%67% Types of Prior Therapies Stem Cell Transplantation 62% 61% 55% 54% Thalidomide 42% 46% 30% 38% Dexamethasone 81% 71% 66% 69% Bortezomib 11% 11% 5% 4% Melphalan 33% 31% 56% 52% Doxorubicin 55% 51% 56% 57%
The primary efficacy endpoint in both studies was time to progression (TTP). TTP was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of progressive disease.Preplanned interim analyses of both studies showed that the combination of lenalidomide/dexamethasone was significantly superior to dexamethasone alone for TTP. The studies were unblinded to allow patients in the placebo/dexamethasone group to receive treatment with the lenalidomide/dexamethasone combination. For both studies, the extended follow-up survival data with crossovers were analyzed. In study 1, the median survival time was 39.4 months (95%CI: 32.9, 47.4) in lenalidomide/dexamethasone group and 31.6 months (95% CI: 24.1, 40.9) in placebo/dexamethasone group, with a hazard ratio of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61 to 1.03). In study 2, the median survival time was 37.5 months (95%CI: 29.9, 46.6) in lenalidomide/dexamethasone group and 30.8 months (95%CI: 23.5, 40.3) in placebo/dexamethasone group, with a hazard ratio of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.65 to 1.14).Table 17: TTP Results in MM Study 1 and Study 2
Study 1 Study 2 Lenalidomide/Dex N=177 Placebo/Dex N=176 Lenalidomide/Dex N=176 Placebo/Dex N=175 TTP Events n (%) 73 (41) 120 (68) 68 (39) 130 (74) Median TTP in months [95% CI] 13.9[9.5, 18.5] 4.7[3.7, 4.9] 12.1[9.5, NE] 4.7[3.8, 4.8] Hazard Ratio[95% CI] 0.285[0.210, 0.386] 0.324[0.240, 0.438] Log-rank Test p-value 3 <0.001 <0.001 Response Complete Response (CR) n (%) 23 (13) 1 (1) 27 (15) 7 (4) Partial Response (RR/PR) n (%) 84 (48) 33 (19) 77 (44) 34 (19) Overall Response n (%) 107 (61) 34 (19) 104 (59) 41 (23) p-value <0.001 <0.001 Odds Ratio [95% CI] 6.38[3.95, 10.32] 4.72[2.98, 7.49] 14.2 Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) with a Deletion 5q Cytogenetic Abnormality
The efficacy and safety of lenalidomide were evaluated in patients with transfusion-dependent anemia in low- or intermediate-1- risk MDS with a 5q (q31-33) cytogenetic abnormality in isolation or with additional cytogenetic abnormalities, at a dose of 10 mg once daily or 10 mg once daily for 21 days every 28 days in an open-label, single-arm, multi-center study. The major study was not designed nor powered to prospectively compare the efficacy of the 2 dosing regimens. Sequential dose reductions to 5 mg daily and 5 mg every other day, as well as dose delays, were allowed for toxicity [Dosage and Administration (2.2)].This major study enrolled 148 patients who had RBC transfusion dependent anemia. RBC transfusion dependence was defined as having received ≥ 2 units of RBCs within 8 weeks prior to study treatment. The study enrolled patients with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) ≥ 500/mm3, platelet counts ≥ 50,000/mm3, serum creatinine ≤ 2.5 mg/dL, serum SGOT/AST or SGPT/ALT ≤ 3 times upper limit of normal (ULN), and serum direct bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dL. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was permitted for patients who developed neutropenia or fever in association with neutropenia. Baseline patient and disease-related characteristics are summarized in Table 18.Table 18: Baseline Demographic and Disease-Related Characteristics in the MDS Study
Overall (N=148) Age (years) Median 71 Min, Max 37, 95 Gender n (%) Male 51 (34.5) Female 97 (65.5) Race n (%) White 143 (96.6) Other 5 (3.4) Duration of MDS (years) Median 2.5 Min, Max 0.1, 20.7 Del 5 (q31-33) Cytogenetic Abnormality n (%) Yes 148 (100) Other cytogenetic abnormalities 37 (25.2) IPSS Scorea n (%) Low (0) 55 (37.2) Intermediate-1 (0.5-1) 65 (43.9) Intermediate-2 (1.5-2) 6 (4.1) High (≥2.5) 2 (1.4) Missing 20 (13.5) FAB Classificationb from central review n (%) RA 77 (52) RARS 16 (10.8) RAEB 30 (20.3) CMML 3 (2)
a IPSS Risk Category: Low (combined score = 0), Intermediate-1 (combined score = 0.5 to 1), Intermediate-2 (combined score = 1.5 to 2.0), High (combined score ≥ 2.5); Combined score = (Marrow blast score + Karyotype score + Cytopenia score).b French-American-British (FAB) classification of MDS.The frequency of RBC transfusion independence was assessed using criteria modified from the International Working Group (IWG) response criteria for MDS. RBC transfusion independence was defined as the absence of any RBC transfusion during any consecutive “rolling” 56 days (8 weeks) during the treatment period.Transfusion independence was seen in 99/148 (67%) patients (95% CI [59, 74]). The median duration from the date when RBC transfusion independence was first declared (i.e., the last day of the 56-day RBC transfusion-free period) to the date when an additional transfusion was received after the 56-day transfusion-free period among the 99 responders was 44 weeks (range of 0 to > 67 weeks). Ninety percent of patients who achieved a transfusion benefit did so by completion of three months in the study.RBC transfusion independence rates were unaffected by age or gender.The dose of lenalidomide was reduced or interrupted at least once due to an adverse event in 118 (79.7%) of the 148 patients; the median time to the first dose reduction or interruption was 21 days (mean, 35.1 days; range, 2 to 253 days), and the median duration of the first dose interruption was 22 days (mean, 28.5 days; range, 2 to 265 days). A second dose reduction or interruption due to adverse events was required in 50 (33.8%) of the 148 patients. The median interval between the first and second dose reduction or interruption was 51 days (mean, 59.7 days; range, 15 to 205 days) and the median duration of the second dose interruption was 21 days (mean, 26 days; range, 2 to 148 days).
14.3 Mantle Cell Lymphoma
A multicenter, single-arm, open-label trial of single-agent lenalidomide was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with mantle cell lymphoma who have relapsed after or were refractory to bortezomib or a bortezomib-containing regimen. Patients with a creatinine clearance ≥60 mL/min were given lenalidomide at a dose of 25 mg once daily for 21 days every 28 days. Patients with a creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min and <60 mL/min were given lenalidomide at a dose of 10 mg once daily for 21 days every 28 days. Treatment was continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent.
The trial included patients who were at least 18 years of age with biopsy-proven MCL with measurable disease by CT scan. Patients were required to have received prior treatment with an anthracycline or mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and bortezomib, alone or in combination. Patients were required to have documented refractory disease (defined as without any response of PR or better during treatment with bortezomib or a bortezomib-containing regimen), or relapsed disease (defined as progression within one year after treatment with bortezomib or a bortezomib-containing regimen). At enrollment patients were to have an absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) ≥1500/ mm3, platelet counts ≥ 60,000/mm3, serum SGOT/AST or SGPT/ALT ≤3 times upper limit of normal (ULN) unless there was documented evidence of liver involvement by lymphoma, serum total bilirubin ≤1.5 times ULN except in cases of Gilbert’s syndrome or documented liver involvement by lymphoma, and calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault formula) ≥30 mL/min.
The median age was 67 years (43 to 83), 81% were male and 96% were Caucasian. The table below summarizes the baseline disease-related characteristics and prior anti-lymphoma therapy in the Mantle Cell Lymphoma trial.
Table 19: Baseline Disease-related Characteristics and Prior Anti –Lymphoma Therapy in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Trial
Baseline Disease Characteristics and Prior Anti -Lymphoma Treatment
Total Patients
(N=134)
ECOG Performance Statusa n (%)
0
1
2
3
43 (32)
73 (54)
17 (13)
1 (<1)
Advanced MCL Stage, n (%)
III
IV
27 (20)
97 (72)
High or Intermediate MIPI Score b, n (%)
90 (67)
High Tumor Burdenc, n (%)
77 (57)
Bulky Diseased, n (%)
44 (33)
Extranodal Disease, n (%)
101 (75)
Number of Prior Systemic Anti-Lymphoma
Therapies, n (%)
Median (range)
1
2
3
≥ 4
4 (2, 10)
0 (0)
29 (22)
34 (25)
71 (53)
Number of Subjects Who Received Prior RegimenContaining, n (%): Anthracycline/mitoxantrone
Cyclophosphamide
Rituximab
Bortezomib
133 (99)
133 (99)
134 (100)
134 (100)
Refractory to Prior Bortezomib, n (%)
81 (60)
Refractory to Last Prior Therapy, n (%)
74 (55)
Prior Autologous Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Transplant, n (%)
39 (29)
a ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
b MIPI = MCL International Prognostic Index.
c High tumor burden is defined as at least one lesion that is ≥5 cm in diameter or 3 lesions that are ≥3 cm in diameter.
d Bulky disease is defined as at least one lesion that is ≥7cm in the longest diameter.
The efficacy endpoints in the MCL trial were overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR). Response was determined based on review of radiographic scans by an independent review committee according to a modified version of the International Workshop Lymphoma Response Criteria (Cheson, 1999). The DOR is defined as the time from the initial response (at least PR) to documented disease progression. The efficacy results for the MCL population were based on all evaluable patients who received at least one dose of study drug and are presented in Table 20. The median time to response was 2.2 months (range 1.8 to 13 months).
Table 20: Response Outcomes in the Pivotal Mantle Cell Lymphoma Trial
Response Analyses (N = 133)
N (%)
95% CI
Overall Response Rate (IWRC) (CR + CRu +PR)
34 (26)
(18.4, 33.9)
Complete Response (CR + CRu)
9 (7)
(3.1, 12.5)
CR
1 (1)
CRu
8 (6)
Partial Response (PR)
25 (19)
Duration of Response (months)
Median
95% CI
Duration of Overall Response (CR + CRu + PR)
(N = 34)
16.6
(7.7, 26.7)
14.4 Follicular and Marginal Zone Lymphoma
The efficacy of lenalidomide with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular and marginal zone lymphoma was evaluated in the AUGMENT (NCT01938001) and MAGNIFY (NCT01996865) trials.
AUGMENT is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial (n=358) in which patients with relapsed or refractory follicular or marginal zone lymphoma were randomized 1:1 to receive lenalidomide and rituximab or rituximab and placebo. AUGMENT included patients diagnosed with Grade 1, 2, or 3a follicular lymphoma, who received at least 1 prior systemic therapy, were refractory or relapsed, not rituximab-refractory, had at least one measurable nodal or extranodal lesion by CT or MRI scan, and had adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function. Randomization was stratified by follicular versus marginal zone lymphoma, previous rituximab therapy, and time since other anti-lymphoma therapy. In AUGMENT, lenalidomide was administered orally 20 mg once daily for Days 1 to 21 of repeating 28-day cycles for a maximum of 12 cycles or until unacceptable toxicity. The dose of rituximab was 375 mg/m2 every week in Cycle 1 (Days 1, 8, 15, and 22) and on Day 1 of every 28-day cycle from Cycles 2 through 5. All dosage calculations for rituximab were based on the patient’s body surface area (BSA), using actual patient weight. Dose adjustments for lenalidomide were allowed based on clinical and laboratory findings. A patient with moderate renal insufficiency (≥30 to <60 mL/minute) received a lower lenalidomide starting dose of 10 mg daily on the same schedule. After 2 cycles, the lenalidomide dose could be increased to 15 mg once daily on Days 1 to 21 of each 28-day cycle if the patient tolerated the medication.
MAGNIFY is an open-label, multicenter trial (n=232) in which patients with relapsed or refractory follicular, marginal zone, or mantle cell lymphoma received 12 induction cycles of lenalidomide and rituximab. MAGNIFY included patients diagnosed with Grade 1, 2,3a, 3b follicular (including transformed), marginal zone, or mantle cell lymphoma Stage I to IV who were previously treated for their lymphoma, had been refractory or had a relapse after their last treatment, had at least one measurable nodal or extranodal lesion by CT or MRI scan, and had adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function. Patients refractory to rituximab were also included. The information from the subjects who received at least 1 dose of initial therapy in the first 12 induction cycles (n=222) in the MAGNIFY trial was included in the evaluation of the efficacy of lenalidomide/rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular and marginal zone lymphoma. In MAGNIFY, lenalidomide 20 mg was given on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles for up to 12 cycles or until unacceptable toxicity, progression, or withdrawal of consent. The dose of rituximab was 375 mg/m2 every week in Cycle 1 (Days 1, 8, 15, and 22) and on Day 1 of every other 28-day cycle (Cycles 3,5,7,9, and 11) up to 12 cycles therapy. All dosage calculations for rituximab were based on the patient BSA and actual weight. Dose adjustments were allowed based on clinical and laboratory findings.
The demographic and disease-related baseline characteristics in the AUGMENT and MAGNIFY trials are shown in the following table.
Table 21: Baseline Demographics and Disease-Related Characteristics of Patients with FL and MZL in AUGMENT and MAGNIFY Trials
Parameter
AUGMENT Trial
MAGNIFY Trial
Lenalidomide + Rituximab
(N=178)
Rituximab + Placebo (Control Arm)
(N=180)
Lenalidomide + Rituximab
(N=222)
Age (years)
Median (Max, Min)
64 (26, 86)
62 (35, 88)
65 (35, 91)
Age distribution, n (%)
<65 years
96 (54)
107 (59)
103 (46)
≥65 years
82 (46)
73 (41)
119 (54)
Sex, n (%)
Male
75 (42)
97 (54)
122 (55)
Female
103 (58)
83 (46)
100 (45)
Race
White
118 (66)
115 (64)
206 (93)
Other races
54 (30)
64 (36)
14 (6)
Not collected or reported
6 (3)
1 (0.6)
2 (1)
Body Surface Area (BSA, m2)
Median (Max, Min)
1.8 (1.4, 3.1)
1.8 (1.3, 2.7)
2 (1.3, 2.6)
Disease Type FL or MZL
Follicular lymphoma
147 (83)
148 (82)
177 (80)
Marginal zone lymphoma
31 (17)
32 (18)
45 (20)
MZL subtype at diagnosis (investigator), n (%)
MALT
14 (45)
16 (50)
10 (22)
Nodal
8 (26)
10 (31)
25 (56)
Splenic
9 (29)
6 (19)
10 (22)
FL stage at diagnosis (investigator), n (%)
FL Grade 1-2
125 (85)
123 (83)
149 (84)
FL Grade 3a
22 (15)
25 (17)
28 (16)
FLIPI score at baseline (calculated), n (%)
Not Collected
Low risk (0,1)
52 (29)
67 (37)
Intermediate risk (2)
55 (31)
58 (32)
High risk (≥3)
69 (39)
54 (30)
Missing
2 (1)
1 (0.6)
ECOG score at baseline, n (%)
0
116 (65)
128 (71)
102 (46)
1
60 (34)
50 (28)
113 (51)
2
2 (1)
2 (1)
7 (3)
High tumor burdena at baseline, n (%)
Yes
97 (54)
86 (48)
148 (67)
No
81 (46)
94 (52)
74 (33)
Number of prior systemic antilymphoma therapies
1
102 (57)
97 (54)
94 (42)b
>1
76 (43)
83 (46)
128 (58)
Data Cutoff: 22 June 2018 (AUGMENT) and 1 May 2017 (MAGNIFY).
a Defined by GELF criteria.
b Patient had either 0 (n=2) or 1 prior systemic therapy.
ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FLIPI = follicular lymphoma international prognostic index
In AUGMENT, efficacy was established in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population based on progression-free survival by Independent Review Committee using modified 2007 International Working Group response criteria. Efficacy results are summarized in Table 22.
Table 22: Efficacy Results for Patients in the AUGMENT Trial (ITT FL and MZL Population)
Parameter
Lenalidomide + Rituximab
(N = 178)
Rituximab + Placebo
(N = 180)
PFS
Patients with event, n (%)
68 (38.2)
115 (63.9)
Death
6 (8.8)
2 (1.7)
Progression of disease
62 (91.2)
113 (98.3)
PFS, median a [95% CI] (months)
39.4 [ 22.9, NE]
14.1 [11.4, 16.7]
HR b [95% CI]
0.46 [ 0.34, 0.62]
p-value c
<0.0001
Objective response (CR+PR), n(%) [95% CI]d
138 (77.5) [70.7, 83.4]
96 (53.3) [45.8, 60.8]
a Median estimate is from Kaplan-Meier analysis.
b hazard ratio and its CI were estimated from Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for the stratification 3: previous rituximab treatment (yes, no), time since last antilymphoma therapy (≤ 2, > 2 years), and disease histology (FL, MZL).
c p-value from log-rank test stratified by 3 factors noted above: previous rituximab treatment (yes, no), time since last antilymphoma therapy (≤ 2, > 2 years), and disease histology (FL, MZL).
d Exact confidence interval for binomial distribution.
Kaplan-Meier Curves of Progression-free Survival by IRC Assessment Between Arms in AUGMENT Trial (ITT FL and MZL Population)
a = Stratification factors included: previous rituximab treatment (y/n), time since last anti-lymphoma therapy (≤2 years, >2years), and disease histology (FL or MZL).
CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; KM = Kaplan-Meier; PFS = progression-free survival
Follicular Lymphoma
In AUGMENT, the objective response by IRC assessment for patients with follicular lymphoma was 80% (118/147) [95% CI: 73%, 86%]) in lenalidomide with rituximab arm compared to 55% (82/148) [95% CI: 47, 64] in control arm.
In MAGNIFY, the overall response by investigator assessment was 59% (104/177) [95% CI: 51, 66] for patients with follicular lymphoma. Median duration of response was not reached with a median follow-up time of 7.9 months [95% CI: 4.6, 9.2].
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
In AUGMENT, the objective response by IRC assessment for patients with marginal zone lymphoma was 65% (20/31) [95% CI: 45%, 81%] in lenalidomide with rituximab arm compared to 44% (14/32) [95% CI: 26%, 62%] in control arm.
In MAGNIFY, the overall response by investigator assessment was 51% (23/45) [95% CI: 36, 66] for patients with marginal zone lymphoma. Median duration of response was not reached with a median follow-up time of 11.5 months [95% CI: 8.0, 18.9].
15 References
1. OSHA Hazardous Drugs. OSHA [Accessed on 29 January 2013, from http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html]
16 How Supplied/storage And Handling
16.1 How Supplied
Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in green band on cap and “78” in green band on body containing white to off white granular powder:2.5 mg bottles of 28 (NDC 63304-041-27)2.5 mg bottles of 100 (NDC 63304-041-01)
Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body imprinted with “RL” on cap and “79” on body with black ink containing white to off white granular powder:5 mg bottles of 28 (NDC 63304-042-27)5 mg bottles of 100 (NDC 63304-042-01)
Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in green band on cap and “80” in yellow band on body containing white to off white granular powder:
10 mg bottles of 28 (NDC 63304-043-27)
10 mg bottles of 100 (NDC 63304-043-01)
Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in blue band on cap and “81” in blue band on body containing white to off white granular powder:
15 mg bottles of 21 (NDC 63304-044-22)
15 mg bottles of 100 (NDC 63304-044-01)
Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body with “RL” in green band on cap and “82” in blue band on body containing white to off white granular powder:20 mg bottles of 21 (NDC 63304-045-22)20 mg bottles of 100 (NDC 63304-045-01)
Hard gelatin capsules having white opaque cap and white opaque body imprinted with “RL” on cap and “83” on body with black ink containing white to off white granular powder:
25 mg bottles of 21 (NDC 63304-046-22)
25 mg bottles of 100 (NDC 63304-046-01)
16.2 Storage
Store at 20° C to 25° C (68° F to 77° F); excursions permitted to 15° C to 30° C (59° F to 86° F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
This package is child-resistant. Keep out of reach of children.
16.3 Handling and Disposal
Care should be exercised in the handling of lenalidomide capsules. Lenalidomide capsules should not be opened or broken. If powder from lenalidomide capsules contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If lenalidomide capsule contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.
Procedures for the proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be considered. Several guidelines on the subject have been published.1
Dispense no more than a 28-day supply.
17 Patient Counseling Information
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved Patient labeling (Medication Guide)
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Advise patients that lenalidomide capsule is contraindicated in pregnancy [see Boxed Warning and Contraindications (4.1)]. Lenalidomide is a thalidomide analogue and can cause serious birth defects or death to a developing baby [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
•Advise females of reproductive potential that they must avoid pregnancy while taking lenalidomide capsules and for at least 4 weeks after completing therapy.
•Initiate lenalidomide capsules treatment in females of reproductive potential only following a negative pregnancy test.
•Advise females of reproductive potential of the importance of monthly pregnancy tests and the need to use 2 different forms of contraception including at least 1 highly effective form, simultaneously during lenalidomide capsules therapy, during dose interruption and for 4 weeks after she has completely finished taking lenalidomide capsules. Highly effective forms of contraception other than tubal ligation include IUD and hormonal (birth control pills, injections, patch or implants) and a partner’s vasectomy. Additional effective contraceptive methods include latex or synthetic condom, diaphragm and cervical cap.
•Instruct patient to immediately stop taking lenalidomide capsules and contact her healthcare provider if she becomes pregnant while taking this drug, if she misses her menstrual period, or experiences unusual menstrual bleeding, if she stops taking birth control, or if she thinks FOR ANY REASON that she may be pregnant.
•Advise patient that if her healthcare provider is not available, she should call the REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
•Advise males to always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with females of reproductive potential while taking lenalidomide capsules and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide capsules, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy.
•Advise male patients taking lenalidomide capsules that they must not donate sperm and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuation of lenalidomide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
•All patients must be instructed to not donate blood while taking lenalidomide capsules, during dose interruptions and for 4 weeks following discontinuation of lenalidomide capsules [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Lenalidomide REMS program
Because of the risk of embryo-fetal toxicity, lenalidomide capsules are only available through a restricted program called the Lenalidomide REMS program [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
•Patients must sign a Patient-Physician agreement form and comply with the requirements to receive lenalidomide capsules. In particular, females of reproductive potential must comply with the pregnancy testing, contraception requirements and participate in monthly telephone surveys. Males must comply with the contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
•Lenalidomide capsules are available only from pharmacies that are certified in Lenalidomide REMS program. Provide patients with the telephone number and website for information on how to obtain the product.
Pregnancy Exposure Registry
Inform females there is a Pregnancy Exposure Registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in females exposed to lenalidomide during pregnancy and that they can contact the Pregnancy Exposure Registry by calling 1-888-423-5436 [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Hematologic Toxicity
Inform patients that lenalidomide capsule is associated with significant neutropenia and thrombocytopenia [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Venousand Arterial Thromboembolism
Inform patients of the risk of thrombosis including DVT, PE, MI, and stroke and to report immediately any signs and symptoms suggestive of these events for evaluation [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Increased Mortality in Patients with CLL
Inform patients that lenalidomide capsule had increased mortality in patients with CLL and serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, including atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and cardiac failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Second Primary Malignancies
Inform patients of the potential risk of developing second primary malignancies during treatment with lenalidomide capsule [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Hepatotoxicity
Inform patients of the risk of hepatotoxicity, including hepatic failure and death, and to report any signs and symptoms associated with this event to their healthcare provider for evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].
Severe Cutaneous Reactions
Inform patients of the potential risk for severe skin reactions such as SJS, TEN, and DRESS and report any signs and symptoms associated with these reactions to their healthcare provider for evaluation. Patients with a prior history of Grade 4 rash associated with thalidomide treatment should not receive lenalidomide capsules [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Inform patients of the potential risk of tumor lysis syndrome and to report any signs and symptoms associated with this event to their healthcare provider for evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)].
Tumor Flare Reaction
Inform patients of the potential risk of tumor flare reaction and to report any signs and symptoms associated with this event to their healthcare provider for evaluation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)].
Early Mortality in Patients with MCL
Inform patients with MCL of the potential for early death [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].
Hypersensitivity
Inform patients of the potential for severe hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and anaphylaxis to lenalidomide capsules. Instruct patients to contact their healthcare provider right away for signs and symptoms of these reactions. Advise patients to seek emergency medical attention for signs or symptoms of severe hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)].
Dosing Instructions
Inform patients how to take lenalidomide capsules [see Dosage and Administration (2)]
•Lenalidomide capsules should be taken once daily at about the same time each day,
•Lenalidomide capsules may be taken either with or without food.
•The capsules should not be opened, broken, or chewed. Lenalidomide capsules should be swallowed whole with water.
•Instruct patients that if they miss a dose of lenalidomide capsules, they may still take it up to 12 hours after the time they would normally take it. If more than 12 hours have elapsed, they should be instructed to skip the dose for that day. The next day, they should take lenalidomide capsules at the usual time. Warn patients to not take 2 doses to make up for the one that they missed.
Dispense with Medication Guide available at: www.sunpharma.com/usa/products
Manufactured by:
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
Survey No. 259/15, Dadra-396 191(U.T. of D & NH), India
Distributed by:
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.
Cranbury, NJ 08512
March 2022 FDA-04
Medication Guide
Dispense with Medication Guide available at: www.sunpharma.com/usa/products
MEDICATION GUIDE
Lenalidomide (leh-nah-LIH-doe-mide)
Capsules
Rx only
What is the most important information I should know about lenalidomide capsules?
Before you begin taking lenalidomide capsules, you must read and agree to all of the instructions in the Lenalidomide REMS program. Before prescribing lenalidomide capsules, your healthcare provider will explain the Lenalidomide REMS program to you and have you sign the Patient-Physician Agreement Form.
Lenalidomide capsules may cause serious side effects including:
· Possible birth defects (deformed babies) or death of an unborn baby. Females who are pregnant or who plan to become pregnant must not take lenalidomide capsules.
Lenalidomide capsules are similar to the medicine thalidomide. We know thalidomide can cause severe life-
threatening birth defects. Lenalidomide capsules have not been tested in pregnant females. Lenalidomide capsules have harmed unborn animals in animal testing.
Females must not get pregnant:
o For at least 4 weeks before starting lenalidomide capsules
o While taking lenalidomide capsules
o During any breaks (interruptions) in your treatment with lenalidomide capsules
o For at least 4 weeks after stopping lenalidomide capsules
Females who can become pregnant:
o Will have pregnancy tests weekly for 4 weeks, then every 4 weeks if your menstrual cycle is regular, or every 2 weeks if your menstrual cycle is irregular.
o If you miss your period or have unusual bleeding, you will need to have a pregnancy test and receive counseling.
o Must agree to use two acceptable forms of birth control at the same time, for at least 4 weeks before, while taking, during any breaks (interruptions) in your treatment, and for at least 4 weeks after stopping lenalidomide capsules.
o Talk with your healthcare provider to find out about options for acceptable forms of birth control that you may use to prevent pregnancy before, during, and after treatment with lenalidomide capsules.
o If you had unprotected sex or if you think your birth control has failed, stop taking lenalidomide capsules immediately and call your healthcare provider right away.
If you become pregnant while taking lenalidomide capsules, stop taking it right away and call your healthcare provider. If your healthcare provider is not available, you can call the REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436. Healthcare providers and patients should report all cases of pregnancy to:
o FDA MedWatch at 1-800-FDA-1088, and
o The Lenalidomide REMS Program at 1-888-423-5436
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors the outcomes of females who take lenalidomide during pregnancy, or if their male partner takes lenalidomide and they are exposed during pregnancy. You can enroll in this registry by calling the Lenalidomide REMS Program at the phone number uled above.
Lenalidomide can pass into human semen:
o Males, including those who have had a vasectomy, must always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with a pregnant female or a female that can become pregnant while taking lenalidomide capsules, during any breaks (interruptions) in your treatment with lenalidomide capsules, and for up to 4 weeks after stopping lenalidomide capsules.
o Do not have unprotected sexual contact with a female who is or could become pregnant. Tell your healthcare provider if you do have unprotected sexual contact with a female who is or could become pregnant. o Do not donate sperm while taking lenalidomide capsules, during any breaks (interruptions) in your treatment, and for up to 4 weeks after stopping lenalidomide capsules. If a female becomes pregnant with your sperm, the baby may be exposed to lenalidomide capsules and may be born with birth defects.
Men, if your female partner becomes pregnant, you should call your healthcare provider right away.
· Low white blood cells (neutropenia) and low platelets (thrombocytopenia).
Lenalidomide capsules causes low white blood cells and low platelets in most people. You may need a blood transfusion or certain medicines if your blood counts drop too low. Your healthcare provider should check your blood counts often especially during the first several months of treatment with lenalidomide capsules, and then at least monthly. Tell your healthcare provider if you develop any bleeding or bruising, during treatment with lenalidomide capsules.
· Blood clots. Blood clots in the arteries, veins, and lungs happen more often in people who take lenalidomide capsules. This risk is even higher for people with multiple myeloma who take the medicine dexamethasone with lenalidomide capsules. Heart attacks and strokes also happen more often in people who take lenalidomide capsules with dexamethasone.
To reduce this increased risk, most people who take lenalidomide capsules will also take a blood thinner medicine.
Before taking lenalidomide capsules, tell your healthcare provider:
o If you have had a blood clot in the past
o If you have high blood pressure, smoke, or if you have been told you have a high level of fat in your blood (hyperlipidemia)
o About all the medicines you take. Certain other medicines can also increase your risk for blood clots Call your healthcare provider or get medical help right away if you get any of the following during treatment with lenalidomide capsules:
§ Signs or symptoms of a blood clot in the lung, arm, or leg may include:
shortness of breath, chest pain, or arm or leg swelling
§ Signs or symptoms of a heart attack may include: chest pain that may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach area (abdomen), feeling sweaty, shortness of breath, feeling sick or vomiting
§ Signs or symptoms of stroke may include: sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, severe headache or confusion, or problems with vision, speech, or balance
What are lenalidomide capsules?
Lenalidomide capsules are a prescription medicine, used to treat adults with:
· multiple myeloma (MM)
o in combination with the medicine dexamethasone, or
o as maintenance treatment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (a type of stem cell transplant that uses your own stem cells)
· a condition called myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Lenalidomide capsules are for the type of MDS with a chromosome problem where part of chromosome 5 is missing.
This type of MDS is known as deletion 5q MDS. People with this type of MDS may have low red blood cell counts that require treatment with blood transfusions.
· mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) when the disease comes back or becomes worse after treatment with 2 prior medicines, one of which included bortezomib. MCL is a cancer of a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes that are in the lymph nodes. · follicular lymphoma (FL) or marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) o in combination with a rituximab product, and o who have previously been treated for their FL or MZL FL and MZL are types of cancer of white blood cells called B-cell lymphocytes that are found in the lymph nodes and spleen. Lenalidomide capsules should not be used to treat people who have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) unless they are participants in a controlled clinical trial. It is not known if lenalidomide capsule is safe and effective in children.
Who should not take lenalidomide capsules?
Do not take lenalidomide capsules if you:
· are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or become pregnant during treatment with lenalidomide capsules.
See “What is the most important information I should know about lenalidomide capsules?”
· are allergic to lenalidomide or any of the ingredients in lenalidomide capsules. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete ul of ingredients in lenalidomide capsules.
What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking lenalidomide capsules?
Before you take lenalidomide capsules, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
· have liver problems
· have kidney problems or receive kidney dialysis treatment
· have thyroid problems
· have had a serious skin rash with thalidomide treatment.
You should not take lenalidomide capsules.
· are lactose intolerant. Lenalidomide capsules contains lactose.
· are breastfeeding. Do not breastfeed during treatment with lenalidomide capsules. It is not known if lenalidomide passes into your breast milk and can harm your baby.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Lenalidomide capsules and other medicines may affect each other, causing serious side effects. Talk with your healthcare provider before taking any new medicines.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a ul of them to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist.
How should I take lenalidomide capsules?
· Take lenalidomide capsules exactly as prescribed and follow all the instructions of the Lenalidomide REMS program
· Swallow lenalidomide capsules whole with water 1 time a day. Do not open, break, or chew your capsules.
· Lenalidomide capsules may be taken with or without food.
· Take lenalidomide capsules at about the same time each day.
· Do not open or break lenalidomide capsules or handle them any more than needed.
o If powder from the lenalidomide capsule comes in contact with your skin, wash the skin right away with soap and water.
o If powder from the lenalidomide capsule comes in contact with the inside of your eyes, nose, or mouth, flush well with water. · If you miss a dose of lenalidomide capsules and it has been less than 12 hours since your regular time, take it as soon as you remember. If it has been more than 12 hours, just skip your missed dose. Do not take 2 doses at the same time. · If you take too much lenalidomide capsules, call your healthcare provider right away.
What should I avoid while taking lenalidomide capsules?
· See “What is the most important information I should know about lenalidomide capsules?”
· Females: Do not get pregnant and do not breastfeed while taking lenalidomide capsules.
· Males: Do not donate sperm while taking lenalidomide capsules, during any breaks (interruptions) in your treatment, and for up to 4 weeks after stopping lenalidomide capsules.
· Do not share lenalidomide capsules with other people. It may cause birth defects and other serious problems.
· Do not donate blood while you take lenalidomide capsules, during any breaks (interruptions) in your treatment, and for 4 weeks after stopping lenalidomide capsules. If someone who is pregnant gets your donated blood, her baby may be exposed to lenalidomide capsules and may be born with birth defects.
What are the possible side effects of lenalidomide capsules?
Lenalidomide capsules can cause serious side effects, including:
· See “What is the most important information I should know about lenalidomide capsules?”
· Increased risk of death in people who have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). People with CLL who take lenalidomide capsules have an increased risk of death compared with people who take the medicine chlorambucil. Lenalidomide capsules may cause you to have serious heart problems that can lead to death, including atrial fibrillation, heart attack, or heart failure. You should not take lenalidomide capsules if you have CLL unless you are participating in a controlled clinical trial.
· Risk of new cancers (malignancies). An increase in new (second) cancers has happened in patients who received lenalidomide capsules and melphalan, or a blood stem cell transplant, including certain blood cancers, such as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and certain other types of cancers of the skin and other organs. Talk with your healthcare provider about your risk of developing new cancers if you take lenalidomide capsules. Your healthcare provider will check you for new cancers during your treatment with lenalidomide capsules.
· Severe liver problems, including liver failure and death. Your healthcare provider should do blood tests to check your liver function during your treatment with lenalidomide capsules. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you develop any of the following symptoms of liver problems:
o yellowing of your skin or the white part of your eyes (jaundice) o pain on the upper right side of your stomach area (abdomen)
o dark or brown (tea-colored) urine
o bleeding or bruising more easily than normal
o feeling very tired
· Severe skin reactions and severe allergic reactions can happen with lenalidomide capsules and may cause death. Call your healthcare provider right away if you develop any of the following signs or symptoms during treatment with lenalidomide capsules:
o a red, itchy, skin rash o peeling of your skin or bulers o severe itching
o fever Get emergency medical help right away if you develop any of the following signs or symptoms during treatment with lenalidomide capsules:
o swelling of your lips, mouth, tongue, or throat o raised red areas on your skin (hives)
o trouble breathing or swallowing o a very fast heartbeat
o you feel dizzy or faint · Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). TLS is caused by the fast breakdown of cancer cells. TLS can cause kidney failure and the need for dialysis treatment, abnormal heart rhythm, seizure and sometimes death. Your healthcare provider may do blood tests to check you for TLS.
· Worsening of your tumor (tumor flare reaction) can happen with lenalidomide capsules and may cause death. Tell your healthcare provider if you get any of these symptoms of tumor flare reaction during treatment with lenalidomide capsules: tender swollen lymph nodes, low grade fever, pain, or rash. Your healthcare provider may tell you to decrease your dose, temporarily stop or permanently stop taking lenalidomide capsules if you develop certain serious side effects during treatment with lenalidomide capsules. · Thyroid problems. Your healthcare provider may check your thyroid function before you start taking lenalidomide capsules and during treatment with lenalidomide capsules. · Risk of Early Death in MCL. In people who have Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), there may be a risk of dying sooner (early death) when taking lenalidomide capsules. Talk with your healthcare provider about any concerns and possible risk factors. The most common side effects of lenalidomide capsules include:
· diarrhea · swelling of your arms, hands, legs, feet and skin · upper respiratory tract infection or bronchitis
· rash · sleep problems (insomnia) · inflammation of the stomach and intestine (“stomach flu”)
· nausea · headache · nose bleed
· constipation · muscle cramps or spasms · shaking or trembling (tremor)
· tiredness or weakness · shortness of breath · joint aches
· fever · cough, sore throat, and other symptoms of a cold · pain in your back or stomach-area (abdomen)
· itching
These are not all the possible side effects of lenalidomide capsules. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store lenalidomide capsules?
· Store lenalidomide capsules at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
· Return any unused lenalidomide capsules to Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. or your healthcare provider.
Keep lenalidomide capsules and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of lenalidomide capsules
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those uled in a Medication Guide. Do not take lenalidomide capsules for conditions for which it was not prescribed. Do not give lenalidomide capsules to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them and may cause birth defects.
If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about lenalidomide capsules that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in lenalidomide capsules?
Active ingredient: lenalidomide
Inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose.
The green imprinting ink contains FD&C Blue# 2 Aluminum Lake, ferric oxide yellow, propylene glycol, shellac, strong ammonia solution, and titanium dioxide (10 mg). The black imprinting ink contains ferrosoferric oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac, and strong ammonia solution (5 mg and 25 mg). The blue imprinting ink contains FD&C Blue# 2 Aluminum Lake, propylene glycol, shellac, and strong ammonia solution (15 mg). The yellow imprinting ink contains ferric oxide yellow, propylene glycol, shellac, and strong ammonia solution (10 mg).
For more information, call 1-888-423-5436 or go to www.lenalidomiderems.com.
Principal Display Panel- Lenalidomide Capsules 2.5 Mg
NDC 63304-041-27
Lenalidomide Capsules
2.5 mg
WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN BIRTH DEFECTS.
Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only
28 Capsules SUN PHARMA
Principal Display Panel- Lenalidomide Capsules 5 Mg
NDC 63304-042-27
Lenalidomide Capsules
5 mg
WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN BIRTH DEFECTS.
Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only
28 Capsules SUN PHARMA
Principal Display Panel- Lenalidomide Capsules 15 Mg
NDC 63304-044-22
Lenalidomide Capsules
15 mg WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN BIRTH DEFECTS.
Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only
21 Capsules SUN PHARMA
Principal Display Panel- Lenalidomide Capsules 20 Mg
NDC 63304-045-22
Lenalidomide Capsules
20 mg
WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN BIRTH DEFECTS.
Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only
21 Capsules SUN PHARMA
Principal Display Panel- Lenalidomide Capsules 25 Mg
NDC 63304-046-22
Lenalidomide Capsules
25 mg WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN BIRTH DEFECTS.
Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only
21 Capsules SUN PHARMA
Principal Display Panel- Lenalidomide Capsules 10 Mg
NDC 63304-043-27
Lenalidomide Capsules
10 mg
WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN BIRTH DEFECTS.
Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only
28 Capsules SUN PHARMA
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