Oxiconazole Nitrate Dailymed
Generic: oxiconazole nitrate is used for the treatment of Candidiasis, Cutaneous Tinea Pedis Tinea Versicolor Eye Infections, Fungal
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Description
Oxiconazole nitrate cream, 1% contains the antifungal active compound oxiconazole nitrate. This formulation is for topical dermatologic use only.
Chemically, oxiconazole nitrate is 2´,4´-dichloro-2-imidazol-1-ylacetophenone (Z)-[0-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime], mononitrate. The compound has the molecular formula C18H13ON3CI4•HNO3, a molecular weight of 492.15, and the following structural formula:
Oxiconazole nitrate is a nearly white crystalline powder, soluble in methanol; sparingly soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and acetone; and very slightly soluble in water.
Oxiconazole nitrate cream contains 10 mg of oxiconazole per gram of cream in a white to off-white, opaque cream base of purified water USP, white petrolatum USP, stearyl alcohol NF, propylene glycol USP, polysorbate 60 NF, cetyl alcohol NF, and benzoic acid USP, 0.2% as a preservative.
Clinical Pharmacology
PHARMACOKINETICS SECTION
Pharmacokinetics: The penetration of oxiconazole nitrate into different layers of the skin was assessed using an in vitro permeation technique with human skin. Five hours after application of 2.5 mg/cm2 of oxiconazole nitrate cream onto human skin, the concentration of oxiconazole nitrate was demonstrated to be 16.2 μmol in the epidermis, 3.64 μmol in the upper corium, and 1.29 μmol in the deeper corium. Systemic absorption of oxiconazole nitrate is low. Using radiolabeled drug, less than 0.3% of the applied dose of oxiconazole nitrate was recovered in the urine of volunteer subjects up to 5 days after application of the cream formulation.
Neither in vitro nor in vivo studies have been conducted to establish relative activity between the lotion and cream formulations.
MICROBIOLOGY SECTION
Microbiology: Oxiconazole nitrate is an imidazole derivative whose antifungal activity is derived primarily from the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, which is critical for cellular membrane integrity. It has in vitro activity against a wide range of pathogenic fungi.
Oxiconazole has been shown to be active against most strains of the following organisms both in vitro and in clinical infections at indicated body sites (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE ):
 Epidermophyton floccosumTrichophyton mentagrophytesTrichophyton rubrumMalassezia furfur
The following in vitro data are available; however, their clinical significance is unknown. Oxiconazole exhibits satisfactory in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against most strains of the following organisms; however, the safety and efficacy of oxiconazole in treating clinical infections due to these organisms have not been established in adequate and well-controlled clinical trials:
 Candida albicansMicrosporum audouiniMicrosporum canisMicrosporum gypseumTrichophyton tonsuransTrichophyton violaceum
Indications And Usage
Oxiconazole nitrate cream is indicated for the topical treatment of the following dermal infections: tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis due to Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum. Oxiconazole nitrate cream is indicated for the topical treatment of tinea (pityriasis) versicolor due to Malassezia furfur (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION  and CLINICAL STUDIES ).
Oxiconazole nitrate cream may be used in pediatric patients for tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea (pityriasis) versicolor; however, these indications for which oxiconazole nitrate cream has been shown to be effective rarely occur in children below the age of 12.
Contraindications
Oxiconazole nitrate cream is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of their components.
Warnings
Oxiconazole nitrate cream, 1% is not for ophthalmic or intravaginal use.
Precautions
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS SECTION
General: Oxiconazole nitrate cream is for external dermal use only. Avoid introduction of oxiconazole nitrate cream into the eyes or vagina. If a reaction suggesting sensitivity or chemical irritation should occur with the use of oxiconazole nitrate cream, treatment should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. If signs of epidermal irritation should occur, the drug should be discontinued.
INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS SECTION
Information for Patients: The patient should be instructed to:
1. Use oxiconazole nitrate as directed by the physician. The hands should be washed after applying the medication to the affected area(s). Avoid contact with the eyes, nose, mouth, and other mucous membranes. Oxiconazole nitrate is for external use only.2. Use the medication for the full treatment time recommended by the physician, even though symptoms may have improved. Notify the physician if there is no improvement after 2 to 4 weeks, or sooner if the condition worsens (see below).3. Inform the physician if the area of application shows signs of increased irritation, itching, burning, bulering, swelling, or oozing.4. Avoid the use of occlusive dressings unless otherwise directed by the physician.5. Do not use this medication for any disorder other than that for which it was prescribed.DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION
DRUG INTERACTIONS SECTION
Drug Interactions: Potential drug interactions between oxiconazole nitrate and other drugs have not been systematically evaluated.
DRUG & OR LABORATORY TEST INTERACTIONS SECTION
CARCINOGENESIS & MUTAGENESIS & IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY SECTION
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Although no long-term studies in animals have been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, no evidence of mutagenic effect was found in 2 mutation assays (Ames test and Chinese hamster V79 in vitro cell mutation assay) or in 2 cytogenetic assays (human peripheral blood lymphocyte in vitro chromosome aberration assay and in vivo micronucleus assay in mice).
Reproductive studies revealed no impairment of fertility in rats at oral doses of 3 mg/kg/day in females (1 time the human dose based on mg/m2) and 15 mg/kg/day in males (4 times the human dose based on mg/m2). However, at doses above this level, the following effects were observed: a reduction in the fertility parameters of males and females, a reduction in the number of sperm in vaginal smears, extended estrous cycle, and a decrease in mating frequency.
PREGNANCY SECTION
Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B.
Reproduction studies have been performed in rabbits, rats, and mice at oral doses up to 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg/day (57, 40, and 27 times the human dose based on mg/m2), respectively, and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to oxiconazole nitrate. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
LABOR & DELIVERY SECTION
NURSING MOTHERS SECTION
Nursing Mothers: Because oxiconazole is excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing woman.
PEDIATRIC USE SECTION
Pediatric Use: Oxiconazole nitrate cream may be used in pediatric patients for tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea (pityriasis) versicolor; however, these indications for which oxiconazole nitrate cream has been shown to be effective rarely occur in children below the age of 12.
GERIATRIC USE SECTION
Geriatric Use: A limited number of patients at or above 60 years of age (n ~ 396) have been treated with oxiconazole nitrate cream in US and non-US clinical trials. The number of patients is too small to permit separate analysis of efficacy and safety. The adverse reactions reported with oxiconazole nitrate cream in this population were similar to those reported by younger patients. Based on available data, no adjustment of dosage of oxiconazole nitrate cream in geriatric patients is warranted.
Adverse Reactions
During clinical trials, of 955 patients treated with oxiconazole nitrate cream, 1%, 41 (4.3%) reported adverse reactions thought to be related to drug therapy. These reactions included pruritus (1.6%); burning (1.4%); irritation and allergic contact dermatitis (0.4% each); folliculitis (0.3%); erythema (0.2%); and papules, fissure, maceration, rash, stinging, and nodules (0.1% each).
Overdosage
When 5% oxiconazole cream (5 times the concentration of the marketed product) was applied at a rate of 1 g/kg to approximately 10% of body surface area of a group of 40 male and female rats for 35 days, 3 deaths and severe dermal inflammation were reported. No overdoses in humans have been reported with use of oxiconazole nitrate cream.
Dosage And Administration
Oxiconazole nitrate cream should be applied to affected and immediately surrounding areas once to twice daily in patients with tinea pedis, tinea corporis, or tinea cruris. Oxiconazole nitrate cream should be applied once daily in the treatment of tinea (pityriasis) versicolor. Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea (pityriasis) versicolor should be treated for 2 weeks and tinea pedis for 1 month to reduce the possibility of recurrence. If a patient shows no clinical improvement after the treatment period, the diagnosis should be reviewed.
Note: Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor may give rise to hyperpigmented or hypopigmented patches on the trunk that may extend to the neck, arms, and upper thighs. Treatment of the infection may not immediately result in restoration of pigment to the affected sites. Normalization of pigment following successful therapy is variable and may take months, depending on individual skin type and incidental sun exposure. Although tinea (pityriasis) versicolor is not contagious, it may recur because the organism that causes the disease is part of the normal skin flora.
Clinical Studies
The following definitions were applied to the clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients enrolled in the clinical trials that form the basis for the approval of oxiconazole nitrate cream.
Definitions:
1. Mycological Cure: No evidence (culture and KOH preparation) of the baseline (original) pathogen in a specimen from the affected area taken at the 2-week post-treatment visit (for tinea [pityriasis] versicolor, mycological cure was limited to KOH only).2. Treatment Success: Both a global evaluation of 90% clinical improvement and a microbiologic eradication (see above) at the 2-week post-treatment visit.
Tinea Pedis: THERE ARE NO HEAD-TO-HEAD COMPAR ISON TRIALS OF THE OXICONAZOLE NITRATE CREAM AND LOTION FORMULATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF TINEA PEDIS.
The two pivotal trials for the oxiconazole nitrate cream formulation involved 281 evaluable patients (total from both trials) with clinically and microbiologically established tinea pedis.
The combined results of these 2 clinical trials at the 2-week post-treatment follow-up visit are shown in the following table:
Patient Outcome
Oxiconazole Nitrate Cream
Vehicle
b.i.d.
q.d.
Mycological cure
77%
79%
33%
Treatment success
52%
43%
14%
All the improvement and cure rates of the b.i.d.- and q.d.- treated groups did not differ significantly (95% confidence interval) from each other but were statistically (95% confidence interval) superior to the vehicle-treated group.
In addition, pediatric data (95 children ages 10 and under) available with the cream formulation indicate that it is safe and effective for use in children when used as directed. Adverse events were reported in 2 children; 1 child was reported to have reddening of the skin and 1 child was reported to have eczema-like skin alterations.
Tinea (pityriasis) Versicolor: Two pivotal clinical trials of oxiconazole nitrate cream in tinea (pityriasis) versicolor involved 219 evaluable patients in the q day oxiconazole nitrate and vehicle arms of the trial with clinical and mycological evidence of tinea (pityriasis) versicolor. Patients were treated for 2 weeks with oxiconazole nitrate cream once daily, or with cream vehicle. The combined results of these clinical trials at the 2-week post-treatment follow-up visit are shown in the following table. These results are based on 207 patients (110 in the oxiconazole nitrate group and 97 in the vehicle group) with efficacy evaluations at this visit.
Patient Outcome
Oxiconazole Nitrate Cream
Vehicle
q.d.
Mycological cure
88%
67%
Treatment success
83%
62%
Only once a day was shown in both studies to be statistically superior to vehicle for all efficacy parameters at 2 weeks and follow-up.
How Supplied
Oxiconazole nitrate cream, 1% is supplied in:
 30 g tubes NDC 0168-0358-30,60 g tubes NDC 0168-0358-60,90 g tubes NDC 0168-0358-90.
Store between 15° and 30°C (59° and 86°F).
E. FOUGERA & CO. A division of Fougera PHARMACEUTICALS INC. Melville, New York 11747
46144436A R09/14#316
Package Label Principal Display Panel 30 G Container
NDC 0168-0358-30
OXICONAZOLENITRATE CREAM, 1%* *Potency expressed as oxiconazole.
For Topical Dermatologic Use ONLY -Not for Ophthalmic or Intravaginal Use.
Rx Only
NET WT 30 grams
Package Label Principal Display Panel 30 G Carton
NDC 0168-0358-30
Rx Only
OXICONAZOLE NITRATE CREAM, 1%* *Potency expressed as oxiconazole.
For Topical Dermatologic Use ONLY -Not for Ophthalmic or Intravaginal Use.
NET WT 30 grams
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