Quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine fumarate 200 mg) Dailymed

6 Adverse Reactions

• Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% and twice placebo):

Adults: somnolence, dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, asthenia, abdominal pain, postural hypotension, pharyngitis, weight gain, lethargy, ALT increased, dyspepsia. (6.1)

• Children and Adolescents: somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, increased appetite, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, tachycardia, weight increased (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-800-399-2561 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 

The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling:

• Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)]
• Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents and young adults [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2)]
• Cerebrovascular adverse reactions, including stroke in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)]
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.4)]
• Metabolic changes (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, weight gain) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)]
• Tardive dyskinesia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.6)]
• Hypotension [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.7 )]
• Falls [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.8)]
• Increases in blood pressure (children and adolescents) [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.9)]
• Leukopenia, neutropenia and agranulocytosis [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.10)]
• Cataracts [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.11)]
• QT Prolongation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.12)]
• Seizures [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.13)]
• Hypothyroidism [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.14)]
• Hyperprolactinemia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.15)]
• Potential for cognitive and motor impairment [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.16)]
• Body temperature regulation [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.17)]
• Dysphagia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.18)]
• Discontinuation Syndrome [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.19)]
• Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) Effects [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.20) ]

6.1 Clinical Study Experience

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adults

The information below is derived from a clinical trial database for quetiapine consisting of over 4,300 patients. This database includes 698 patients exposed to quetiapine for the treatment of bipolar depression, 405 patients exposed to quetiapine for the treatment of acute bipolar mania (monotherapy and adjunct therapy), 646 patients exposed to quetiapine for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder as adjunct therapy, and approximately 2600 patients and/or normal subjects exposed to 1 or more doses of quetiapine for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Of these approximately 4,300 subjects, approximately 4000 (2300 in schizophrenia, 405 in acute bipolar mania, 698 in bipolar depression, and 646 for the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder) were patients who participated in multiple dose effectiveness trials, and their experience corresponded to approximately 2400 patient-years. The conditions and duration of treatment with quetiapine varied greatly and included (in overlapping categories) open-label and double-blind phases of studies, inpatients and outpatients, fixed-dose and dose-titration studies, and short-term or longer-term exposure. Adverse reactions were assessed by collecting adverse reactions, results of physical examinations, vital signs, weights, laboratory analyses, ECGs, and results of ophthalmologic examinations.

The stated frequencies of adverse reactions represent the proportion of individuals who experienced, at least once, an adverse reaction of the type uled.

Adverse   Reactions   Associated   with   Discontinuation   of   Treatment   in   Short-Term , Placebo-Controlled   Trials

Schizophrenia: 

Overall, there was little difference in the incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions (4% for quetiapine vs. 3% for placebo) in a pool of controlled trials. However, discontinuations due to somnolence (0.8% quetiapine vs. 0% placebo) and hypotension (0.4% quetiapine vs. 0% placebo) were considered to be drug related [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.7 and 5.19 )].

Bipolar Disorder:

Mania: Overall, discontinuations due to adverse reactions were 5.7% for quetiapine vs. 5.1% for placebo in monotherapy and 3.6% for quetiapine vs. 5.9% for placebo in adjunct therapy.

Depression: Overall, discontinuations due to adverse reactions were 12.3% for quetiapine 300 mg vs. 19.0% for quetiapine 600 mg and 5.2% for placebo.

Commonly   Observed   Adverse   Reactions   in   Short-Term , Placebo-Controlled   Trials

In the acute therapy of schizophrenia (up to 6 weeks) and bipolar mania (up to 12 weeks) trials, the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of quetiapine monotherapy (incidence of 5% or greater) and observed at a rate on quetiapine at least twice that of placebo were somnolence (18%), dizziness (11%), dry mouth (9%), constipation (8%), ALT increased (5%), weight gain (5%), and dyspepsia (5%).

Adverse   Reactions   Occurring   at   an   Incidence   of   2%   or   More   Among   Quetiapine   Treated   Patients   in   Short-Term , Placebo-Controlled   Trials

The prescriber should be aware that the figures in the tables and tabulations cannot be used to predict the incidence of side effects in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors differ from those that prevailed in the clinical trials. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses, and investigators. The cited figures, however, do provide the prescribing physician with some basis for estimating the relative contribution of drug and nondrug factors to the side effect incidence in the population studied.

Table 9 enumerates the incidence, rounded to the nearest percent, of adverse reactions that occurred during acute therapy of schizophrenia (up to 6 weeks) and bipolar mania (up to 12 weeks) in 2% or more of patients treated with quetiapine (doses ranging from 75 to 800 mg/day) where the incidence in patients treated with quetiapine was greater than the incidence in placebo-treated patients.

Preferred Term	Quetiapine (n=719)	Placebo (n=404)
Headache	21%	14%
Agitation	20%	17%
Somnolence	18%	8%
Dizziness	11%	5%
Dry Mouth	9%	3%
Constipation	8%	3%
Pain	7%	5%
Tachycardia	6%	4%
Vomiting	6%	5%
Asthenia	5%	3%
Dyspepsia	5%	1%
Weight Gain	5%	1%
ALT Increased	5%	1%
Anxiety	4%	3%
Pharyngitis	4%	3%
Rash	4%	2%
Abdominal Pain	4%	1%
Postural Hypotension	4%	1%
Back Pain	3%	1%
AST Increased	3%	1%
Rhinitis	3%	1%
Fever	2%	1%
Gastroenteritis	2%	0%
Amblyopia	2%	1%

In the acute adjunct therapy of bipolar mania (up to 3 weeks) studies, the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of quetiapine (incidence of 5% or greater) and observed at a rate on quetiapine at least twice that of placebo were somnolence (34%), dry mouth (19%), asthenia (10%), constipation (10%), abdominal pain (7%), postural hypotension (7%), pharyngitis (6%), and weight gain (6%).

Table 10 enumerates the incidence, rounded to the nearest percent, of adverse reactions that occurred during therapy (up to 3 weeks) of acute mania in 2% or more of patients treated with quetiapine (doses ranging from 100 to 800 mg/day) used as adjunct therapy to lithium and divalproex where the incidence in patients treated with quetiapine was greater than the incidence in placebo-treated patients.

Preferred Term	Quetiapine (n=196)	Placebo (n=203)
Somnolence	34%	9%
Dry Mouth	19%	3%
Headache	17%	13%
Asthenia	10%	4%
Constipation	10%	5%
Dizziness	9%	6%
Tremor	8%	7%
Abdominal Pain	7%	3%
Postural Hypotension	7%	2%
Agitation	6%	4%
Weight Gain	6%	3%
Pharyngitis	6%	3%
Back Pain	5%	3%
Hypertonia	4%	3%
Rhinitis	4%	2%
Peripheral Edema	4%	2%
Twitching	4%	1%
Dyspepsia	4%	3%
Depression	3%	2%
Amblyopia	3%	2%
Speech Disorder	3%	1%
Hypotension	3%	1%
Hormone Level Altered	3%	0%
Heaviness	2%	1%
Infection	2%	1%
Fever	2%	1%
Hypertension	2%	1%
Tachycardia	2%	1%
Increased Appetite	2%	1%
Hypothyroidism	2%	1%
Incoordination	2%	1%
Thinking Abnormal	2%	0%
Anxiety	2%	0%
Ataxia	2%	0%
Sinusitis	2%	1%
Sweating	2%	1%
Urinary Tract Infection	2%	1%

In bipolar depression studies (up to 8 weeks), the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of quetiapine (incidence of 5% or greater) and observed at a rate on quetiapine at least twice that of placebo were somnolence (57%), dry mouth (44%), dizziness (18%), constipation (10%), and lethargy (5%).

Table 11 enumerates the incidence, rounded to the nearest percent, of adverse reactions that occurred during therapy (up to 8 weeks) of bipolar depression in 2% or more of patients treated with quetiapine (doses of 300 and 600 mg/day) where the incidence in patients treated with quetiapine was greater than the incidence in placebo-treated patients.

1     Somnolence combines adverse reaction terms somnolence and sedation
Preferred Term	Quetiapine (n=698)	Placebo (n=347)
Somnolence1	57%	15%
Dry Mouth	44%	13%
Dizziness	18%	7%
Constipation	10%	4%
Fatigue	10%	8%
Dyspepsia	7%	4%
Vomiting	5%	4%
Increased Appetite	5%	3%
Lethargy	5%	2%
Nasal Congestion	5%	3%
Orthostatic Hypotension	4%	3%
Akathisia	4%	1%
Palpitations	4%	1%
Vision Blurred	4%	2%
Weight increased	4%	1%
Arthralgia	3%	2%
Paraesthesia	3%	2%
Cough	3%	1%
Extrapyramidal Disorder	3%	1%
Irritability	3%	1%
Dysarthria	3%	0%
Hypersomnia	3%	0%
Sinus Congestion	2%	1%
Abnormal Dreams	2%	1%
Tremor	2%	1%
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	2%	1%
Pain in Extremity	2%	1%
Asthenia	2%	1%
Balance Disorder	2%	1%
Hypoesthesia	2%	1%
Dysphagia	2%	0%
Restless Legs Syndrome	2%	0%

Explorations for interactions on the basis of gender, age, and race did not reveal any clinically meaningful differences in the adverse reaction occurrence on the basis of these demographic factors.

Dose   Dependency   of   Adverse   Reactions   in   Short-Term , Placebo-Controlled   Trials

Dose-related Adverse Reactions:

Spontaneously elicited adverse reaction data from a study of schizophrenia comparing five fixed doses of quetiapine (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg, and 750 mg/day) to placebo were explored for dose-relatedness of adverse reactions. Logistic regression analyses revealed a positive dose response (p<0.05) for the following adverse reactions: dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and weight gain.

Adverse   Reactions   in   Clinical   Trials   with   Quetiapine   and   Not   Listed   Elsewhere   in   the   Label

The following adverse reactions have also been reported with quetiapine: nightmares, hypersensitivity, and elevations in serum creatine phosphokinase (not associated with NMS), galactorrhea, bradycardia (which may occur at or near initiation of treatment and be associated with hypotension and/ or syncope) decreased platelets, somnambulism (and other related events), elevations in gamma-GT levels, hypothermia, and priapism.

Extrapyramidal   Symptoms   (EPS)

Dystonia:

Class Effect

Symptoms of dystonia, prolonged abnormal contractions of muscle groups, may occur in susceptible individuals during the first few days of treatment. Dystonic symptoms include: spasm of the neck muscles, sometimes progressing to tightness of the throat, swallowing difficulty, difficulty breathing, and/or protrusion of the tongue. While these symptoms can occur at low doses, they occur more frequently and with greater severity with high potency and at higher doses of first generation antipsychotic drugs. An elevated risk of acute dystonia is observed in males and younger age groups.

Four methods were used to measure EPS: (1) Simpson-Angus total score (mean change from baseline) which evaluates Parkinsonism and akathisia, (2) Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) Global Assessment Score, (3) incidence of spontaneous complaints of EPS (akathisia, akinesia, cogwheel rigidity, extrapyramidal syndrome, hypertonia, hypokinesia, neck rigidity, and tremor), and (4) use of anticholinergic medications to treat emergent EPS.

Adults

Data from one 6-week clinical trial of schizophrenia comparing five fixed doses of quetiapine (75, 150, 300, 600, 750 mg/day) provided evidence for the lack of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and dose-relatedness for EPS associated with quetiapine treatment. Three methods were used to measure EPS: (1) Simpson-Angus total score (mean change from baseline) which evaluates Parkinsonism and akathisia, (2) incidence of spontaneous complaints of EPS (akathisia, akinesia, cogwheel rigidity, extrapyramidal syndrome, hypertonia, hypokinesia, neck rigidity, and tremor), and (3) use of anticholinergic medications to treat emergent EPS.

In Table 12, dystonic event included nuchal rigidity, hypertonia, dystonia, muscle rigidity, oculogyration; parkinsonism included cogwheel rigidity, tremor, drooling, hypokinesia; akathisia included akathisia, psychomotor agitation; dyskinetic event included tardive dyskinesia, dyskinesia, choreoathetosis; and other extrapyramidal event included restlessness, extrapyramidal disorder, movement disorder.

Preferred Term	Quetiapine 75 mg/day (N=53)		Quetiapine 150 mg/day (N=48)		Quetiapine 300 mg/day (N=52)		Quetiapine 600 mg/day (N=51)		Quetiapine 750 mg/day (N=54)		Placebo (N=51)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Dystonic event	2	3.8	2	4.2	0	0.0	2	3.9	3	5.6	4	7.8
Parkinsonism	2	3.8	0	0.0	1	1.9	1	2.0	1	1.9	4	7.8
Akathisia	1	1.9	1	2.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.9	4	7.8
Dyskinetic event	2	3.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Other extrapyramidal event	2	3.8	0	0.0	3	5.8	3	5.9	1	1.9	4	7.8

Parkinsonism incidence rates as measured by the Simpson-Angus total score for placebo and the five fixed doses (75, 150, 300, 600, 750 mg/day) were: -0.6; -1.0, -1.2; -1.6; -1.8 and -1.8. The rate of anticholinergic medication use to treat EPS for placebo and the five fixed doses was: 14%; 11%; 10%; 8%; 12% and 11%.

In six additional placebo-controlled clinical trials (3 in acute mania and 3 in schizophrenia) using variable doses of quetiapine, there were no differences between the quetiapine and placebo treatment groups in the incidence of EPS, as assessed by Simpson-Angus total scores, spontaneous complaints of EPS and the use of concomitant anticholinergic medications to treat EPS.

In two placebo-controlled clinical trials for the treatment of bipolar depression using 300 mg and 600 mg of quetiapine, the incidence of adverse reactions potentially related to EPS was 12% in both dose groups and 6% in the placebo group. In these studies, the incidence of the individual adverse reactions (akathisia, extrapyramidal disorder, tremor, dyskinesia, dystonia, restlessness, muscle contractions involuntary, psychomotor hyperactivity, and muscle rigidity) were generally low and did not exceed 4% in any treatment group.

The 3 treatment groups were similar in mean change in SAS total score and BARS Global Assessment score at the end of treatment. The use of concomitant anticholinergic medications was infrequent and similar across the three treatment groups.

Children and Adolescents

The information below is derived from a clinical trial database for quetiapine consisting of over 1000 pediatric patients. This database includes 677 patients exposed to quetiapine for the treatment of schizophrenia and 393 children and adolescents (10 to 17 years old) exposed to quetiapine for the treatment of acute bipolar mania.

Adverse   Reactions   Associated   with   Discontinuation   of   Treatment   in   Short-Term , Placebo-Controlled   Trials

Schizophrenia:

The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions for quetiapine-treated and placebo-treated patients was 8.2% and 2.7%, respectively. The adverse event leading to discontinuation in 1% or more of patients on quetiapine and at a greater incidence than placebo was somnolence (2.7% and 0% for placebo).

Bipolar   I   Mania:

The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse reactions for quetiapine-treated and placebo-treated patients was 11.4% and 4.4%, respectively. The adverse reactions leading to discontinuation in 2% or more of patients on quetiapine and at a greater incidence than placebo were somnolence (4.1% vs. 1.1%) and fatigue (2.1% vs. 0).

Commonly   Observed   Adverse   Reactions   in   Short-Term , Placebo-Controlled   Trials

In therapy for schizophrenia (up to 6 weeks), the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of quetiapine in adolescents (incidence of 5% or greater and quetiapine incidence at least twice that for placebo) were somnolence (34%), dizziness (12%), dry mouth (7%), tachycardia (7%).

In bipolar mania therapy (up to 3 weeks) the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of quetiapine in children and adolescents (incidence of 5% or greater and quetiapine incidence at least twice that for placebo) were somnolence (53%), dizziness (18%), fatigue (11%), increased appetite (9%), nausea (8%), vomiting (8%), tachycardia (7%), dry mouth (7%), and weight increased (6%).

In an acute (8-week) quetiapine extended-release trial in children and adolescents (10 to 17 years of age) with bipolar depression, in which efficacy was not established, the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of quetiapine extended-release (incidence of 5% or greater and at least twice that for placebo) were dizziness 7%, diarrhea 5%, fatigue 5%, and nausea 5%.

Adverse  Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of ≥2% among Quetiapine Treated Patients in Short-Term, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Schizophrenia  (Adolescents, 13 to 17 years old):

The following findings were based on a 6-week placebo-controlled trial in which quetiapine was administered in either doses of 400 or 800 mg/day.

Table 13 enumerates the incidence, rounded to the nearest percent, of adverse reactions that occurred during therapy (up to 6 weeks) of schizophrenia in 2% or more of patients treated with quetiapine (doses of 400 or 800 mg/day) where the incidence in patients treated with quetiapine was at least twice the incidence in placebo-treated patients.

Adverse reactions that were potentially dose-related with higher frequency in the 800 mg group compared to the 400 mg group included dizziness (8% vs. 15%), dry mouth (4% vs. 10%), and tachycardia (6% vs. 11%).

1   Somnolence combines adverse reaction terms somnolence and sedation.
2   Tachycardia combines adverse reaction terms tachycardia and sinus tachycardia.
Preferred Term	Quetiapine 400 mg (n=73)	Quetiapine 800 mg (n=74)	Placebo (n=75)
Somnolence1	33%	35%	11%
Dizziness	8%	15%	5%
Dry Mouth	4%	10%	1%
Tachycardia2	6%	11%	0%
Irritability	3%	5%	0%
Arthralgia	1%	3%	0%
Asthenia	1%	3%	1%
Back Pain	1%	3%	0%
Dyspnea	0%	3%	0%
Abdominal Pain	3%	1%	0%
Anorexia	3%	1%	0%
Tooth Abscess	3%	1%	0%
Dyskinesia	3%	0%	0%
Epistaxis	3%	0%	1%
Muscle Rigidity	3%	0%	0%

Bipolar I Mania (Children and Adolescents 10 to 17 years old):

The following findings were based on a 3-week placebo-controlled trial in which quetiapine was administered in either doses of 400 or 600 mg/day.

Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions

In bipolar mania therapy (up to 3 weeks) the most commonly observed adverse reactions associated with the use of quetiapine in children and adolescents (incidence of 5% or greater and quetiapine incidence at least twice that for placebo) were somnolence (53%), dizziness (18%), fatigue (11%), increased appetite (9%), nausea (8%), vomiting (8%), tachycardia (7%), dry mouth (7%), and weight increased (6%).

Table 14 enumerates the incidence, rounded to the nearest percent, of adverse reactions that occurred during therapy (up to 3 weeks) of bipolar mania in 2% or more of patients treated with quetiapine (doses of 400 or 600 mg/day) where the incidence in patients treated with quetiapine was greater than the incidence in placebo-treated patients.

Adverse reactions that were potentially dose-related with higher frequency in the 600 mg group compared to the 400 mg group included somnolence (50% vs. 57%), nausea (6% vs. 10%) and tachycardia (6% vs. 9%).

1   Somnolence combines adverse reactions terms somnolence and sedation.
2   Tachycardia combines adverse reaction terms tachycardia and sinus tachycardia.
Preferred Term	Quetiapine 400 mg (n=95)	Quetiapine 600 mg (n=98)	Placebo (n=90)
Somnolence1	50%	57%	14%
Dizziness	19%	17%	2%
Nausea	6%	10%	4%
Fatigue	14%	9%	4%
Increased Appetite	10%	9%	1%
Tachycardia2	6%	9%	1%
Dry Mouth	7%	7%	0%
Vomiting	8%	7%	3%
Nasal Congestion	3%	6%	2%
Weight Increased	6%	6%	0%
Irritability	3%	5%	1%
Pyrexia	1%	4%	1%
Aggression	1%	3%	0%
Musculoskeletal Stiffness	1%	3%	1%
Accidental Overdose	0%	2%	0%
Acne	3%	2%	0%
Arthralgia	4%	2%	1%
Lethargy	2%	2%	0%
Pallor	1%	2%	0%
Stomach Discomfort	4%	2%	1%
Syncope	2%	2%	0%
Vision Blurred	3%	2%	0%
Constipation	4%	2%	0%
Ear Pain	2%	0%	0%
Paraesthesia	2%	0%	0%
Sinus Congestion	3%	0%	0%
Thirst	2%	0%	0%

Extrapyramidal Symptoms

In a short-term placebo-controlled monotherapy trial in adolescent patients with schizophrenia (6-week duration), the aggregated incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms was 12.9% (19/147) for quetiapine and 5.3% (4/75) for placebo, though the incidence of the individual adverse reactions (akathisia, tremor, extrapyramidal disorder, hypokinesia, restlessness, psychomotor hyperactivity, muscle rigidity, dyskinesia) did not exceed 4.1% in any treatment group. In a short-term placebo-controlled monotherapy trial in children and adolescent patients with bipolar mania (3-week duration), the aggregated incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms was 3.6% (7/193) or quetiapine and 1.1% (1/90) for placebo.

Table 15 presents a uling of patients with adverse reactions potentially associated with extrapyramidal symptoms in the short-term placebo-controlled monotherapy trial in adolescent patients with schizophrenia (6-week duration).

In Tables 15 to 16 dystonic event included nuchal rigidity, hypertonia, and muscle rigidity; parkinsonism included cogwheel rigidity and tremor; akathisia included akathisia only; dyskinetic event included tardive dyskinesia, dyskinesia, and choreoathetosis; and other extrapyramidal event included restlessness and extrapyramidal disorder.

Preferred Term	Quetiapine 400 mg/day (N=73)		Quetiapine 800 mg/day (N=74)		All Quetiapine (N=147)		Placebo (N=75)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Dystonic event	2	2.7	0	0.0	2	1.4	0	0.0
Parkinsonism	4	5.5	4	5.4	8	5.4	2	2.7
Akathisia	3	4.1	4	5.4	7	4.8	3	4.0
Dyskinetic event	2	2.7	0	0.0	2	1.4	0	0.0
Other Extrapyramidal Event	2	2.7	2	2.7	4	2.7	0	0.0

Table 16 presents a uling of patients with adverse reactions associated with extrapyramidal symptoms in a short-term placebo-controlled monotherapy trial in children and adolescent patients with bipolar mania (3-week duration).

*   There were no adverse experiences with the preferred term of dystonic or dyskinetic events.
Preferred Term*	Quetiapine 400 mg/day (N=95)		Quetiapine 600 mg/day (N=98)		All Quetiapine (N=193)		Placebo (N=90)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Parkinsonism	2	2.1	1	1.0	3	1.6	1	1.1
Akathisia	1	1.0	1	1.0	2	1.0	0	0.0
Other Extrapyramidal Event	1	1.1	1	1.0	2	1.0	0	0.0

Laboratory, ECG and Vital Sign Changes Observed in Clinical Studies

Laboratory Changes:

Neutrophil Counts

Adults:

In placebo-controlled monotherapy clinical trials involving 3368 patients on quetiapine and 1515 on placebo, the incidence of at least one occurrence of neutrophil count <1.0 x 10⁹/L among patients with a normal baseline neutrophil count and at least one available follow up laboratory measurement was 0.3% (10/2967) in patients treated with quetiapine, compared to 0.1% (2/1349) in patients treated with placebo [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.10 )].

Transaminase Elevations

Adults:

Asymptomatic, transient, and reversible elevations in serum transaminases (primarily ALT) have been reported. In schizophrenia trials in adults, the proportions of patients with transaminase elevations of >3 times the upper limits of the normal reference range in a pool of 3- to 6-week placebo-controlled trials were approximately 6% (29/483) for quetiapine compared to 1% (3/194) for placebo. In acute bipolar mania trials in adults, the proportions of patients with transaminase elevations of >3 times the upper limits of the normal reference range in a pool of 3- to 12-week placebo-controlled trials were approximately 1% for both quetiapine (3/560) and placebo (3/294). These hepatic enzyme elevations usually occurred within the first 3 weeks of drug treatment and promptly returned to pre-study levels with ongoing treatment with quetiapine. In bipolar depression trials, the proportions of patients with transaminase elevations of >3 times the upper limits of the normal reference range in two 8-week placebo-controlled trials was 1% (5/698) for quetiapine and 2% (6/347) for placebo.

Decreased Hemoglobin

Adults:

In short-term placebo-controlled trials, decreases in hemoglobin to ≤13 g/dL males, ≤12 g/dL females on at least one occasion occurred in 8.3% (594/7155) of quetiapine-treated patients compared to 6.2% (219/3536) of patients treated with placebo. In a database of controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials, decreases in hemoglobin to ≤13 g/dL males, ≤12 g/dL females on at least one occasion occurred in 11% (2277/20729) of quetiapine-treated patients.

Interference with Urine Drug Screens

There have been literature reports suggesting false positive results in urine enzyme immunoassays for methadone and tricyclic antidepressants in patients who have taken quetiapine. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of positive urine drug screen results for these drugs, and confirmation by alternative analytical technique (e.g., chromatographic methods) should be considered.

ECG Changes:

Adults

Between-group comparisons for pooled placebo-controlled trials revealed no statistically significant quetiapine/placebo differences in the proportions of patients experiencing potentially important changes in ECG parameters, including QT, QTc, and PR intervals. However, the proportions of patients meeting the criteria for tachycardia were compared in four 3- to 6-week placebo-controlled clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia revealing a 1% (4/399) incidence for quetiapine compared to 0.6% (1/156) incidence for placebo. In acute (monotherapy) bipolar mania trials the proportions of patients meeting the criteria for tachycardia was 0.5% (1/192) for quetiapine compared to 0% (0/178) incidence for placebo. In acute bipolar mania (adjunct) trials the proportions of patients meeting the same criteria was 0.6% (1/166) for quetiapine compared to 0% (0/171) incidence for placebo. In bipolar depression trials, no patients had heart rate increases to >120 beats per minute. Quetiapine use was associated with a mean increase in heart rate, assessed by ECG, of 7 beats per minute compared to a mean increase of 1 beat per minute among placebo patients. This slight tendency to tachycardia in adults may be related to quetiapine's potential for inducing orthostatic changes [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.7 )].

Children and Adolescents

In the acute (6-week) schizophrenia trial in adolescents, increases in heart rate (>110 bpm) occurred in 5.2% (3/73) of patients receiving quetiapine 400 mg and 8.5% (5/74) of patients receiving quetiapine 800 mg compared to 0% (0/75) of patients receiving placebo. Mean increases in heart rate were 3.8 bpm and 11.2 bpm for quetiapine 400 mg and 800 mg groups, respectively, compared to a decrease of 3.3 bpm in the placebo group [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.7 )].

In the acute (3-week) bipolar mania trial in children and adolescents, increases in heart rate (>110 bpm) occurred in 1.1% (1/89) of patients receiving quetiapine 400 mg and 4.7% (4/85) of patients receiving quetiapine 600 mg compared to 0% (0/98) of patients receiving placebo. Mean increases in heart rate were 12.8 bpm and 13.4 bpm for quetiapine 400 mg and 600 mg groups, respectively, compared to a decrease of 1.7 bpm in the placebo group [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.7 )].

In an acute (8-week) quetiapine extended-release trial in children and adolescents (10 to 17 years of age) with bipolar depression, in which efficacy was not established, increases in heart rate (>110 bpm 10 to 12 years and 13 to 17 years) occurred in 0% of patients receiving quetiapine extended-release and 1.2% of patients receiving placebo. Mean increases in heart rate were 3.4 bpm for quetiapine extended-release, compared to 0.3 bpm in the placebo group [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ( 5.7 )].

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions were identified during post approval of quetiapine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Adverse reactions reported since market introduction which were temporally related to quetiapine therapy include anaphylactic reaction, cardiomyopathy, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), hyponatremia, myocarditis, nocturnal enuresis, pancreatitis, retrograde amnesia, rhabdomyolysis, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) ,decreased platelet count, serious liver reactions (including hepatitis, liver necrosis, and hepatic failure), agranulocytosis, intestinal obstruction, ileus, colon ischemia, urinary retention, sleep apnea, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), confusional state and cutaneous vasculitis.