Sentradine (choline 250 mg) Dailymed

Pregnancy Section

Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B. Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 160 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to ranitidine tablets, USP. There are, however no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers Section

Nursing Mothers: Ranitidine is secreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when ranitidine is administered to a nursing mother.

Pediatric Use Section

Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Ranitidine Tablets, USP have been established in the age-group of 1 month to 16 years for the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis, and the maintenance of healed duodenal and gastric ulcer. Use of Ranitidine Tablets, USP in this age-group is supported by adequate and well-controlled studies in adults, as well as additional pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients and an analysis of the published literature (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pediatrics and DOSADGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Pediatric Use).

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients for the treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions or the maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis have not been established.

Safety and effectiveness in neonates (less than 1 month of age) have not been established (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pediatrics)

Geriatric Use Section

Geriatric Use: Of the total number of subjects enrolled in US and foreign controlled clinical trials of oral formulations of Ranitidine Tablets, USP, for which there were subgroup analyses, 4,197 were 65 and over, while 899 were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, caution should be exercised in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics: Geriatrics and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dosage Adjustment for Patients with Impaired Renal Function).

Adverse Reactions Section

ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following have been reported as events in clinical trials or in the routine management of patients treated with Ranitidine Tablets, USP. The relationship to therapy with Ranitidine Tablets, USP has been unclear in many cases. Headache, sometimes severe, seems to be related to administration of Ranitidine Tablets, USP.

Central Nervous System: Rarely, malaise, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, and vertigo. Rare cases of reversible mental confusion, agitation, depression, and hallucinations have been reported, predominantly in severely ill elderly patients. Rare cases of reversible blurred vision suggestive of a change in accommodation have been reported. Rare reports of reversible involuntary motor disturbances have been received.

Cardiovascular: As with other H₂-blockers, rare reports of arrhythmias such as tachycardia, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, and premature ventricular beats.

Gastrointestinal: Constipation, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal discomfort/pain, and rare reports of pancreatitis.

Hepatic: There have been occasional reports of hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed hepatitis, with or without jaundice. In such circumstances, ranitidine should be immediately discontinued. These events are usually reversible, but in rare circumstances death has occurred. Rare cases of hepatic failure have also been reported. In normal volunteers, SGPT values were increased to at least twice the pretreatment levels in 6 of 12 subjects receiving 100 mg q.i.d. intravenously for 7 days, and in 4 of 24 subjects receiving 50 mg q.i.d. intravenously for 5 days.

Musculoskeletal: Rare reports of arthralgias and myalgias.

Hematologic: Blood count changes (leucopenia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia) have occurred in a few patients. These were usually reversible. Rare cases of agranulocytosis, pancytopenia, sometimes with marrow hypoplasia, and aplastic anemia and exceedingly rare cases of acquired immune hemolytic anemia have been reported.

Endocrine: Controlled studies in animals and man have shown no stimulation of any pituitary hormone by Ranitidine Tablets, USP and no antiandrogenic activity, and cimetidine-induced gynecomastia and impotence in hypersecretory patients have resolved when Ranitidine Tablets, USP has been substituted. However, occasional cases of gynecomastia, impotence, and loss of libido have been reported in male patients receiving Ranitidine Tablets, USP, but the incidence did not differ from that in the general population.

Rares cases of breast symptoms and conditions, including galactorrhea and gynecomastia, have been reported in both males and females.

Integumentary: Rash, including rare cases of erythema multiforme. Rare cases of alopecia and vasculitis.

Respiratory: A large epidemiological study suggested an increased risk of developing pneumonia in current users of histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H₂RAs) compared to patients who had stopped H₂RA treatment, with an observed adjusted relative risk of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.07 - 2.48). However, a causal relationship between use of H₂RAs and pneumonia has not been established.

Other: Rare cases of hypersensitiviy reactions (e.g., bronchospasm, fever, rash, eosinophilia), anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, and small increases in serum creatinine.

Overdosage Section

OVERDOSAGE
There has been limited experience with overdosage. Reported acute ingestions of up to 18 g orally have been associated with transient adverse effects similar to those encountered in normal clinical experience (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). In addition, abnormalities of gait and hypotension have been reported.

When overdosage occurs, the usual measures to remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, clinical monitoring, and supportive therapy should be employed.

Studies in dogs receiving dosages of Ranitidine Tablets, USP in excess of 225 mg/kg per day have shown muscular tremors, vomiting, and rapid respiration. Single oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg in mice and rats were not lethal. Intravenous LD₅₀ values in mice and rats were 77 and 83 mg/kg, respectively.

Dosage & Administration Section

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Active Duodenal Ulcer: The current recommended adult dosage of Ranitidine Tablets, USP for duodenal ulcer is 150 mg twice daily. An alternative dosage of 300 mg once daily after the evening meal or at bedtime can be used for patients in whom dosing convenience is important. The advantages of one treatment regimen compared to the other in a particular patient population have yet to be demonstrated (see Clinical Trials: Active Duodenal Ulcer). Smaller doses have been shown to be equally effective in inhibiting gastric acid secretion in US studies, and several foreign trials have shown that 100 mg twice daily is as effective as the 150-mg dose. Antacid should be given as needed for relief of pain (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics). Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal Ulcers: The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg at bedtime. Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions (such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome): The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg twice a day. In some patients it may be necessary to administer Ranitidine Tablets, USP 150-mg doses more frequently. Dosages should be adjusted to individual patient needs, and should continue as long as clinically indicated. Dosages up to 6 g/day have been employed in patients with severe disease. Benign Gastric Ulcer: The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg twice a day. Maintenance of Healing of Gastric Ulcers: The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg at bedtime. GERD: The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg twice a day. Erosive Esophagitis: The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg four times a day. Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis: The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg twice a day. Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Ranitidine Tablets, USP have been established in the age-group of 1 month to 16 years. There is insufficient information about the pharmacokinetics of Ranitidine Tablets, USP in neonatal patients (less than 1 month of age) to make dosing recommendations. The following 3 subsections provide dosing information for each of the pediatric indications. Treatment of Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers: The recommended oral dose for the treatment of active duodenal and gastric ulcers is 2 to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg/day. This recommendation is derived from adult clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers: The recommended oral dose for the maintenance of healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers is 2 to 4 mg/kg once daily to a maximum of 150 mg/day. This recommendation is derived from adult clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Treatment of GERD and Erosive Esophagitis: Although limited data exist for these conditions in pediatric patients, published literature supports a dosage of 5 to 10 mg/kg per day, usually given as two divided doses. Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function: On the basis of experience with a group of subjects with severely impaired renal function treated with Ranitidine Tablets, USP, the recommended dosage in patients with a creatinine clearance  more than 50 mL/min is 150 mg every 24 hours. Should the patient's condition require, the frequency of dosing may be increased to every 12 hours or even further with caution. Hemodialysis reduces the level of circulating ranitidine. Ideally, the dosing schedule should be adjusted so that the timing of a scheduled dose coincides with the end of hemodialysis. Elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, therefore caution should be exercised in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics: Geriatrics and PRECAUTIONS: Geriatric Use).

How Supplied Section

HOW SUPPLIED
Ranitidine Tablets, USP 150 mg are orange, round, biconvex aqueous film coated tablets debossed “IP 253” on one side and plain on the reverse.

They are available in bottles of 24, 60, 100, 180, 500 and 1000.

Ranitidine Tablets, USP 300 mg are yellow, capsule-shaped aqueous film coated tablets debossed “IP 254” on one side and plain on the reverse.

They are available in bottles of 24, 30, 100, 250, 500 and 1000.

Store at 20° - 25°C (68° - 77°F) (See USP Controlled Room Temperature) in a tight, light resistant container.  Protect from light. Replace cap securely after each opening.

Manufactured by:

Amneal Pharmaceuticals of NY

Hauppauge, NY 11788

Distributed by:

Amneal Pharmaceuticals

Glasgow, KY 42141

Rev. 11-2009

Package Label.principal Display Panel

Sentra PM™PRODUCT INFORMATION  Sentra PM (U.S. patent pending) capsules by oral administration. A specially formulated Medical Food product, consisting of a proprietary blend of amino acids and polyphenol ingredients in specific proportions, for the dietary management of the metabolic processes of sleep disorders (SD). Must be administered under physician supervision.  Medical Foods Medical Food products are often used in hospitals (e.g., for burn victims or kidney dialysis patients) and outside of a hospital setting under a physician’s care for the dietary management of diseases in patients with particular medical or metabolic needs due to their disease or condition. Congress defined "Medical Food" in the Orphan Drug Act and Amendments of 1988 as "a system which is formulated to be consumed or administered enterally [or orally] under the supervision of a physician and which is intended for the specific dietary management of a disease or condition for which distinctive nutritional requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation." Medical Foods are complex formulated products, requiring sophisticated and exacting technology. Sentra PM has been developed, manufactured, and labeled in accordance with both the statutory and the FDA regulatory definition of a Medical Food. Sentra PM must be used while the patient is under the ongoing care of a physician.  SLEEP DISORDERS (SD)  SD as a Metabolic Deficiency Disease A critical component of the definition of a Medical Food is the requirement for a distinctive nutritional deficiency. FDA scientists have proposed a physiologic definition of a distinctive nutritional deficiency as follows: “the dietary management of patients with specific diseases requires, in some instances, the ability to meet nutritional requirements that differ substantially from the needs of healthy persons. For example, in establishing the recommended dietary allowances for general, healthy population, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine National Academy of Sciences, recognized that different or distinctive physiologic requirements may exist for certain persons with "special nutritional needs arising from metabolic disorders, chronic diseases, injuries, premature birth, other medical conditions and drug therapies. Thus, the distinctive nutritional needs associated with a disease reflect the total amount needed by a healthy person to support life or maintain homeostasis, adjusted for the distinctive changes in the nutritional needs of the patient as a result of the effects of the disease process on absorption, metabolism, and excretion.” It was also proposed that in patients with certain disease states who respond to nutritional therapies, a physiologic deficiency of the nutrient is assumed to exist. For example, if a patient with sleep disorders responds to a tryptophan formulation by improving the duration and quality of sleep, a deficiency of tryptophan is assumed to exist.  Patients with sleep disorders are known to have nutritional deficiencies of tryptophan, choline, flavonoids, and certain antioxidants. Patients with sleep disorders frequently exhibit reduced plasma levels of tryptophan and have been shown to respond to oral administration of tryptophan or a 5-hydoxytryptophan formulation. Research has shown that tryptophan reduced diets result in a fall of circulating tryptophan. Patients with sleep disorders have activation of the tryptophan degradation pathway that increases the turnover of tryptophan leading to a reduced level of production of serotonin for a given tryptophan blood level. Research has also shown that a genetic predisposition can lead to increased tryptophan requirements in certain patients with sleep disorders.  Choline is required to fully potentiate acetylcholine synthesis by brain neurons. A deficiency of choline leads to reduced acetylcholine production by the neurons. Low fat diets, frequently used by patients with sleep disorders, are usually choline deficient. Flavonoids potentiate the production of acetylcholine by the neurons thereby inducing REM sleep. Low fat diets and diets deficient in flavonoid rich foods result in inadequate flavonoid concentrations, impeding acetylcholine production in certain patients with sleep disorders. Provision of tryptophan, choline, and flavonoids with antioxidants, in specific proportions can restore the production of beneficial serotonin and acetylcholine, thereby improving sleep quality.

Description Section

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION   Primary Ingredients   Sentra PM consists of a proprietary blend of amino acids, cocoa, ginkgo biloba and flavonoids in specific proportions. These ingredients fall into the category of “Generally Regarded as Safe” (GRAS) as defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act). A GRAS substance is distinguished from a food additive on the basis of the common knowledge about the safety of the substance for its intended use. The standard for an ingredient to achieve GRAS status requires not only technical demonstration of non-toxicity and safety, but also general recognition of safety through widespread usage and agreement of that safety by experts in the field. Many ingredients have been determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be GRAS, and are uled as such by regulation, in Volume 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Sections 182, 184, and 186.   Amino Acids   Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein. All amino acids are GRAS uled as they have been ingested by humans for thousands of years. The doses of the amino acids in Sentra PM are equivalent to those found in the usual human diet; however the formulation uses specific ratios of the key ingredients to elicit a therapeutic response. Patients with sleep disorders may require an increased amount of certain amino acids that cannot be obtained from normal diet alone. Tryptophan, for example, is an obligatory amino acid. The body cannot make tryptophan and must obtain tryptophan from the diet. Tryptophan is needed to produce serotonin. Serotonin is required to induce sleep. Patients with sleep disorders have altered serotonin metabolism. Some patients with sleep disorders have a resistance to the use of tryptophan that is similar to the mechanism found in insulin resistance that is genetically determined. Patients with sleep disorders frequently cannot acquire sufficient tryptophan from the diet without ingesting a prohibitively large amount of calories, particularly protein rich calories.   Flavonoids   Flavonoids are a group of phytochemical compounds found in all vascular plants including fruits and vegetables. They are a part of a larger class of compounds known as polyphenols. Many of the therapeutic or health benefits of colored fruits and vegetables, cocoa, red wine, and green tea are directly related to their flavonoid content. The specially formulated flavonoids found in Sentra PM cannot be obtained from conventional foods in the necessary proportions to elicit a therapeutic response.   Other Ingredients   Sentra PM contains the following inactive or other ingredients, as fillers, excipients, and colorings: magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, Maltodextrin NF, gelatin (as the capsule material).   Physical Description   Sentra PM is a yellow to light brown powder. Sentra PM contains L-Glutamic Acid, 5-Hydroxytryptophan as Griffonia Seed Extract, Acetylcarnitine HCL, Choline Bitartrate, Cinnamon, Cocoa, Ginkgo Biloba, and Hawthorn Berry.

Clinical Pharmacology Section

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY   Mechanism of Action   Sentra PM acts by restoring and maintaining the balance of the neurotransmitters, serotonin and acetylcholine, that are associated with sleep disorders.   Metabolism   The amino acids in Sentra PM are primarily absorbed by the stomach and small intestines. All cells metabolize the amino acids in Sentra PM. Circulating tryptophan and choline blood levels determine the production of serotonin and acetylcholine.   Excretion   Sentra PM is not an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, or 3A4. These isoenzymes are principally responsible for 95% of all detoxification of drugs, with CYP3A4 being responsible for detoxification of roughly 50% of drugs. Amino acids do not appear to have an effect on drug metabolizing enzymes.

Indications & Usage Section

INDICATIONS FOR USE   Sentra PM is intended for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes associated with sleep disorders.

Clinical Studies Section

CLINICAL EXPERIENCE   The administration of Sentra PM has demonstrated significant functional improvement in the quality and quantity of sleep when used for the dietary management of the metabolic processes associated with sleep disorders. Administration of Sentra PM results in the induction and maintenance of sleep in patients with sleep disorders. Sentra PM has no effect on normal blood pressure.

Precautions Section

PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS   Sentra PM is contraindicated in an extremely small number of patients with hypersensitivity to any of the nutritional components of Sentra PM.

Adverse Reactions Section

ADVERSE REACTIONS   Oral supplementation with L-tryptophan or choline at high doses up to 15 grams daily is generally well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions of higher doses — from 15 to 30 grams daily — are nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Some patients may experience these symptoms at lower doses. The total combined amount of amino acids in each Sentra PM capsule does not exceed 400 mg.

Drug Interactions Section

DRUG INTERACTIONS   Sentra PM does not directly influence the pharmacokinetics of prescription drugs. Clinical experience has shown that administration of Sentra PM may allow for lowering the dose of co-administered drugs under physician supervision.

Overdosage Section

OVERDOSE   There is a negligible risk of overdose with Sentra PM as the total dosage of amino acids in a one month supply (60 capsules) is less than 24 grams. Overdose symptoms may include diarrhea, weakness, and nausea.   POST-MARKETING SURVEILLANCE   Post-marketing surveillance has shown no serious adverse reactions. Reported cases of mild rash and itching may have been associated with allergies to Sentra PM flavonoid ingredients, including cinnamon, cocoa, and chocolate. The reactions were transient in nature and subsided within 24 hours.

Dosage & Administration Section

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION   Recommended Administration For the dietary management of the metabolic processes associated with sleep disorders. Take (2) capsules daily at bedtime. An additional dose of one or two capsules may be taken after awakenings during the night. As with most amino acid formulations Sentra PM should be taken without food to increase the absorption of key ingredients.

How Supplied Section

How Supplied   Sentra PM is supplied in red and white, size 0 capsules in bottles of 60 capsules.   Physician Supervision   Sentra PM is a Medical Food product available by prescription only and must be used while the patient is under ongoing physician supervision.   Sentra PM is supplied to physicians in a recyclable plastic bottle with a child-resistant cap.  U.S. patents pending.   Manufactured by Arizona Nutritional  Supplements, Inc. Chandler AZ 85225  Distributed by Physician Therapeutics LLC, Los Angeles, CA 90077.  www.ptlcentral.com   © Copyright 2003-2006, Physician Therapeutics LLC, all rights reserved   NDC # 68405-1003-02

Storage And Handling Section

Storage   Store at room temperature, 59-86OF (15-30OC).   Protect from light and moisture.

Package Label.principal Display Panel

PHYSICIAN THERAPEUTICS  SENTRA PM  Medical Food  Rx only  60 Capsules  Directions for use:  Must be administered under medical supervision.  For adults only.  As a Medical Food, take two (2) capsules at bedtime or as directed by your medical practitioner.  For the dietary management of sleep disorders.  Contains no added sugar, starch, wheat, yeast, preservatives, artificial color or flavor.  Storage:  Keep tightly closed in a cool dry place 8-320 C (45-900F), relative humidity, below 50%.  Warning: Keep this product out of the reach of children.  NDC# 68405-1003-02  Ingredients:  Each serving (2 capsules) contains:  Proprietary Amino Acid blend Choline Bitartrate, Glutamic Acid (L-Glutamic Acid), Cocoa Extract (fruit), Proprietary Herbal Blend Ginkgo Biloba (leaves), Griffonia Seed Extract (5-HTP), Hawthorn Berry (fruit), Acetyl L-Carnitine HCl, Dextrose  Other Ingredients: Gelatin, Cellulose, Dicalcium Phosphate, Silicon Dioxide and Vegetable Magnesium Stearate.  Distributed by:  Physician Therapeutics LLC,  Los Angeles, CA 90077  www.ptlcentral.com  Patent Pending

Package Label.principal Display Panel

For the Dietary Management of Sleep Disorders.  Two capsules at bedtime or as directed by physician. See product label and insert.  Sentra PM  Medical Food  A Convenlence Packed Medical Food And Drug  Sentradine  PHYSICIAN THERAPEUTICS  > Sentra PM 60 Capsules  > Ranitidine 150 mg 30 Tablets  No Refills Without Physician Authorization  Rx only  NDC# 68405-8033-26 of this co-pack  FRONT VIEW  As prescribed by physician. See  product  label and  product information insert.  Ranitidine 150 mg Rx Drug  BACK VIEW  Physician Therapeutics LLC  Los Angeles, CA 90077  on November 21, 2006

Package Label.principal Display Panel

Package Label.principal Display Panel