ropinirole hydrochloride Dailymed
Generic: ropinirole hydrochloride is used for the treatment of Parkinson Disease
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Recent Major Changes
Warnings and Precautions
Withdrawal Symptoms (5.8 ) 7/2021
Melanoma-removal (5.9 ) 7/2021
1 Indications And Usage
Ropinirole tablets are a non-ergoline dopamine agonist indicated for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) (1.1 ,1.2 )
1.1 Parkinsons Disease
Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
1.2 Restless Legs Syndrome
Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).
2 Dosage And Administration
• Ropinirole tablets can be taken with or without food (2.1 )• Retitration of ropinirole tablets may be warranted if therapy is interrupted (2.1 )
Parkinson's Disease:
• The recommended starting dose is 0.25 mg taken three times daily; titrate to a maximum daily dose of 24 mg (2.2 )• Renal Impairment: The maximum recommended dose is 18 mg/day in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (2.2 )
Restless Legs Syndrome:
• The recommended starting dose is 0.25 mg once daily, 1 to 3 hours before bedtime, titrate to a maximum recommended dose of 4 mg daily (2.3 )• Renal Impairment: The maximum recommended dose is 3 mg/day in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (2.3 )2.1 General Dosing Recommendations
Ropinirole tablets can be taken with or without food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
If a significant interruption in therapy with ropinirole tablets has occurred, retitration of therapy may be warranted.
2.2 Dosing for Parkinsons Disease
The recommended starting dose of ropinirole tablets for Parkinson's disease is 0.25 mg 3 times daily. Based on individual patient therapeutic response and tolerability, if necessary, the dose should then be titrated with weekly increments as described in Table 1. After Week 4, if necessary, the daily dose may be increased by 1.5 mg/day on a weekly basis up to a dose of 9 mg/day, and then by up to 3 mg/day weekly up to a maximum recommended total daily dose of 24 mg/day (8 mg 3 times daily). Doses greater than 24 mg/day have not been tested in clinical trials.
Table 1. Ascending-dose Schedule of Ropinirole tablets for Parkinson’s Disease
Week
Dosage
Total Daily Dose
1
0.25 mg 3 times daily
0.75 mg
2
0.5 mg 3 times daily
1.5 mg
3
0.75 mg 3 times daily
2.25 mg
4
1 mg 3 times daily
3 mg
Ropinirole tablets should be discontinued gradually over a 7-day period in patients with Parkinson's disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]. The frequency of administration should be reduced from 3 times daily to twice daily for 4 days. For the remaining 3 days, the frequency should be reduced to once daily prior to complete withdrawal of ropinirole tablets.
Renal Impairment
No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30 to 50 mL/min). The recommended initial dose of ropinirole for patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis is 0.25 mg 3 times a day. Further dose escalations should be based on tolerability and need for efficacy. The recommended maximum total daily dose is 18 mg/day in patients receiving regular dialysis. Supplemental doses after dialysis are not required. The use of ropinirole tablets in patients with severe renal impairment without regular dialysis has not been studied.
2.3 Dosing for Restless Legs Syndrome
The recommended adult starting dose for RLS is 0.25 mg once daily 1 to 3 hours before bedtime. After 2 days, if necessary, the dose can be increased to 0.5 mg once daily, and to 1 mg once daily at the end of the first week of dosing, then as shown in Table 2 as needed to achieve efficacy. Titration should be based on individual patient therapeutic response and tolerability, up to a maximum recommended dose of 4 mg daily. For RLS, the safety and effectiveness of doses greater than 4 mg once daily have not been established.
Table 2. Dose Titration Schedule of Ropinirole tablets for Restless Legs Syndrome
Day/Week
Dose to be taken once daily, 1 to 3 hours before bedtime
Days 1 and 2
0.25 mg
Days 3 to 7
0.5 mg
Week 2
1 mg
Week 3
1.5 mg
Week 4
2 mg
Week 5
2.5 mg
Week 6
3 mg
Week 7
4 mg
When discontinuing ropinirole tablets in patients with RLS, gradual reduction of the daily dose is recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8, 5.9)].
Renal Impairment
No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30 to 50 mL/min). The recommended initial dose of ropinirole for patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis is 0.25 mg once daily. Further dose escalations should be based on tolerability and need for efficacy. The recommended maximum total daily dose is 3 mg/day in patients receiving regular dialysis. Supplemental doses after dialysis are not required. The use of ropinirole tablets in patients with severe renal impairment without regular dialysis has not been studied.
3 Dosage Forms And Strengths
Tablets: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, and 5 mg (3 )
• 0.25-mg, white, film-coated tablet, debossed “595” on one side and “S” on the other side• 0.5-mg, yellow, film-coated tablet, debossed “596” on one side and “S” on the other side• 1-mg, green, film-coated tablet, debossed “597” on one side and “S” on the other side• 2-mg, pink, film-coated tablet, debossed “598” on one side and “S” on the other side• 3-mg, purple, film-coated tablet, debossed “599” on one side and “S” on the other side• 4-mg, beige, film-coated tablet, debossed “600” on one side and “S” on the other side• 5-mg, blue, film-coated tablet, debossed “601” on one side and “S” on the other side
4 Contraindications
History of hypersensitivity/allergic reaction (including urticaria, angioedema, rash, pruritus) to ropinirole or to any of the excipients (4 )
Ropinirole tablets are contraindicated in patients known to have a hypersensitivity/allergic reaction (including urticaria, angioedema, rash, pruritus) to ropinirole or to any of the excipients.
5 Warnings And Precautions
• Sudden onset of sleep and somnolence may occur (5.1 )• Syncope may occur (5.2 )• Hypotension, including orthostatic hypotension may occur (5.3 )• May cause hallucinations and psychotic-like behaviors (5.4 )• May cause or exacerbate dyskinesia (5.5 )• May cause problems with impulse control or compulsive behaviors (5.6 )5.1 Falling Asleep during Activities of Daily Living and Somnolence
Patients treated with ropinirole tablets have reported falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living, including driving or operating machinery, which sometimes resulted in accidents. Although many of these patients reported somnolence while on ropinirole tablets, some perceived that they had no warning signs, such as excessive drowsiness, and believed that they were alert immediately prior to the event. Some have reported these events more than 1 year after initiation of treatment.
In controlled clinical trials, somnolence was commonly reported in patients receiving ropinirole tablets and was more frequent in Parkinson's disease (up to 40% ropinirole tablets, 6% placebo) than in RLS (12% ropinirole tablets, 6% placebo) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
It has been reported that falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living usually occurs in a setting of pre-existing somnolence, although patients may not give such a history. For this reason, prescribers should reassess patients for drowsiness or sleepiness, especially since some of the events occur well after the start of treatment. Prescribers should also be aware that patients may not acknowledge drowsiness or sleepiness until directly questioned about drowsiness or sleepiness during specific activities.
Before initiating treatment with ropinirole tablets, patients should be advised of the potential to develop drowsiness and specifically asked about factors that may increase the risk with ropinirole tablets such as concomitant sedating medications or alcohol, the presence of sleep disorders (other than RLS), and concomitant medications that increase ropinirole plasma levels (e.g., ciprofloxacin) [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. If a patient develops significant daytime sleepiness or episodes of falling asleep during activities that require active participation (e.g., driving a motor vehicle, conversations, eating), ropinirole tablets should ordinarily be discontinued [see Dosage and Administration (2.2, 2.3)]. If a decision is made to continue ropinirole tablets, patients should be advised to not drive and to avoid other potentially dangerous activities. There is insufficient information to establish that dose reduction will eliminate episodes of falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living.
5.2 Syncope
Syncope, sometimes associated with bradycardia, was observed in association with treatment with ropinirole tablets in both patients with Parkinson’s disease and patients with RLS. In controlled clinical trials in patients with Parkinson’s disease, syncope was observed more frequently in patients receiving ropinirole tablets than in patients receiving placebo (early Parkinson’s disease without levodopa [L-dopa]: ropinirole tablets 12%, placebo 1%; advanced Parkinson’s disease: ropinirole tablets 3%, placebo 2%). Syncope was reported in 1% of patients treated with ropinirole tablets for RLS in 12-week, placebo-controlled clinical trials compared with 0.2% of patients treated with placebo [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Most cases occurred more than 4 weeks after initiation of therapy with ropinirole tablets and were usually associated with a recent increase in dose.
Because the trials conducted with ropinirole tablets excluded patients with significant cardiovascular disease, patients with significant cardiovascular disease should be treated with caution.
Approximately 4% of patients with Parkinson's disease enrolled in Phase 1 trials had syncope following a 1-mg dose of ropinirole tablets. In 2 trials in patients with RLS that used a forced-titration regimen and orthostatic challenge with intensive blood pressure monitoring, 2% of RLS patients treated with ropinirole tablets compared with 0% of patients receiving placebo reported syncope.
In Phase 1 trials including healthy volunteers, the incidence of syncope was 2%. Of note, 1 subject with syncope developed hypotension, bradycardia, and sinus arrest; the subject recovered spontaneously without intervention.
5.3 Hypotension/Orthostatic Hypotension
Patients with Parkinson’s disease may have an impaired ability to respond normally to a fall in blood pressure after standing from lying down or seated position. Patients on ropinirole tablets should be monitored for signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, especially during dose escalation, and should be informed of the risk for syncope and hypotension [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].
Although the clinical trials were not designed to systematically monitor blood pressure, there were individual reported cases of orthostatic hypotension in early Parkinson's disease (without L-dopa) in patients treated with ropinirole tablets. Most of these cases occurred more than 4 weeks after initiation of therapy with ropinirole tablets and were usually associated with a recent increase in dose.
In 12-week, placebo-controlled trials of patients with RLS, the adverse event orthostatic hypotension was reported by 4 of 496 patients (0.8%) treated with ropinirole tablets compared with 2 of 500 patients (0.4%) receiving placebo.
In 2 Phase 2 trials in patients with RLS, 14 of 55 patients (25%) receiving ropinirole tablets experienced an adverse event of hypotension or orthostatic hypotension compared with none of the 27 patients receiving placebo. In these trials, 11 of the 55 patients (20%) receiving ropinirole tablets and 3 of the 26 patients (12%) who had post-dose blood pressure assessments following placebo experienced an orthostatic blood pressure decrease of at least 40 mm Hg systolic and/or at least 20 mm Hg diastolic.
In Phase 1 trials of ropinirole tablets with healthy volunteers who received single doses on more than one occasion without titration, 7% had documented symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. These episodes appeared mainly at doses above 0.8 mg, and these doses are higher than the starting doses recommended for patients with either Parkinson's disease or with RLS. In most of these individuals, the hypotension was accompanied by bradycardia but did not develop into syncope [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Although dizziness is not a specific manifestation of hypotension or orthostatic hypotension, patients with hypotension or orthostatic hypotension frequently reported dizziness. In controlled clinical trials, dizziness was a common adverse reaction in patients receiving ropinirole tablets and was more frequent in patients with Parkinson's disease or with RLS receiving ropinirole tablets than in patients receiving placebo (early Parkinson's disease without L-dopa: ropinirole tablets 40%, placebo 22%; advanced Parkinson's disease: ropinirole tablets 26%, placebo 16%; RLS: ropinirole tablets 11%, placebo 5%). Dizziness of sufficient severity to cause trial discontinuation of ropinirole tablets was 4% in patients with early Parkinson's disease without L-dopa, 3% in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, and 1% in patients with RLS [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
5.4 Hallucinations/Psychotic-Like Behavior
In double-blind, placebo-controlled, early-therapy trials in patients with Parkinson's disease who were not treated with L-dopa, 5.2% (8 of 157) of patients treated with ropinirole tablets reported hallucinations, compared with 1.4% of patients on placebo (2 of 147). Among those patients receiving both ropinirole tablets and L-dopa in advanced Parkinson's disease trials, 10.1% (21 of 208) were reported to experience hallucinations, compared with 4.2% (5 of 120) of patients treated with placebo and L-dopa.
The incidence of hallucination was increased in elderly patients (i.e., older than 65 years) treated with extended-release ropinirole tablets [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Postmarketing reports indicate that patients with Parkinson’s disease or RLS may experience new or worsening mental status and behavioral changes, which may be severe, including psychotic-like behavior during treatment with ropinirole tablets or after starting or increasing the dose of ropinirole tablets. Other drugs prescribed to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease or RLS can have similar effects on thinking and behavior. This abnormal thinking and behavior can consist of one or more of a variety of manifestations including paranoid ideation, delusions, hallucinations, confusion, psychotic-like behavior, disorientation, aggressive behavior, symptoms of mania (e.g., insomnia, psychomotor agitation), agitation, and delirium.
Patients with a major psychotic disorder should ordinarily not be treated with ropinirole tablets because of the risk of exacerbating the psychosis. In addition, certain medications used to treat psychosis may exacerbate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and may decrease the effectiveness of ropinirole tablets [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].
5.5 Dyskinesia
ropinirole tablets may cause or exacerbate pre-existing dyskinesia in patients treated with L-dopa for Parkinson’s disease. In double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in advanced Parkinson’s disease, dyskinesia was much more common in patients treated with ropinirole tablets than in those treated with placebo. Among those patients receiving both ropinirole tablets and L-dopa in advanced Parkinson’s disease trials, 34% were reported to experience dyskinesia, compared with 13% of patients treated with placebo [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Decreasing dose of dopaminergic medications may ameliorate this adverse reaction.
5.6 Impulse Control/Compulsive Behaviors
Reports suggest that patients can experience intense urges to gamble, increased sexual urges, intense urges to spend money, binge or compulsive eating, and/or other intense urges, and the inability to control these urges while taking one or more of the medications, including ropinirole tablets, that increase central dopaminergic tone. In some cases, although not all, these urges were reported to have stopped when the dose was reduced or the medication was discontinued. Because patients may not recognize these behaviors as abnormal, it is important for prescribers to specifically ask patients or their caregivers about the development of new or increased gambling urges, sexual urges, uncontrolled spending, binge or compulsive eating, or other urges while being treated with ropinirole tablets for Parkinson’s disease or RLS. Physicians should consider dose reduction or stopping the medication if a patient develops such urges while taking ropinirole tablets.
5.7 Withdrawal-Emergent Hyperpyrexia and Confusion
Symptoms including insomnia, apathy, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sweating, and pain have been reported during taper or after discontinuation of dopamine agonists, including ropinirole. These symptoms generally do not respond to levodopa.
Prior to discontinuation of ropinirole, patients should be informed about potential withdrawal symptoms, and monitored during and after discontinuation. In case of severe withdrawal symptoms, a trial re-administration of a dopamine agonist at the lowest effective dose may be considered.
5.8 Withdrawal Symptoms
Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease have a higher risk (2-fold to approximately 6-fold higher) of developing melanoma than the general population. Whether the increased risk observed was due to Parkinson's disease or other factors, such as drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease, is unclear.
For the reasons stated above, patients and providers are advised to monitor for melanomas frequently and on a regular basis when using ropinirole tablets for any indication. Ideally, periodic skin examinations should be performed by appropriately qualified individuals (e.g., dermatologists).
5.9 Augmentation and Early-Morning Rebound in Restless Legs Syndrome
Augmentation is a phenomenon in which dopaminergic medication causes a worsening of symptom severity above and beyond the level at the time the medication was started. The symptoms of augmentation may include the earlier onset of symptoms in the evening (or even the afternoon), increase in symptoms, and spread of symptoms to involve other extremities. Augmentation has been described during therapy for RLS. Rebound refers to new onset of symptoms in the early morning hours. Augmentation and/or early-morning rebound have been observed in a postmarketing trial of ropinirole tablets. If augmentation or early-morning rebound occurs, the use of ropinirole tablets should be reviewed and dosage adjustment or discontinuation of treatment should be considered. When discontinuing ropinirole tablets in patients with RLS, gradual reduction of the daily dose is recommended whenever possible [see Dosage and Administration 2.3].
5.10 Fibrotic Complications
Cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusion, pleural thickening, pericarditis, and cardiac valvulopathy have been reported in some patients treated with ergot-derived dopaminergic agents. While these complications may resolve when the drug is discontinued, complete resolution does not always occur.
Although these adverse reactions are believed to be related to the ergoline structure of these compounds, whether other, non-ergot-derived dopamine agonists, such as ropinirole, can cause them is unknown.
Cases of possible fibrotic complications, including pleural effusion, pleural fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and cardiac valvulopathy have been reported in the development program and postmarketing experience for ropinirole. While the evidence is not sufficient to establish a causal relationship between ropinirole and these fibrotic complications, a contribution of ropinirole cannot be excluded.
5.11 Retinal Pathology
Retinal degeneration was observed in albino rats in the 2-year carcinogenicity study at all doses tested. The lowest dose tested (1.5 mg/kg/day) is less than the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) for Parkinson’s disease (24 mg/day) on a mg/m2 basis. Retinal degeneration was not observed in a 3-month study in pigmented rats, in a 2-year carcinogenicity study in albino mice, or in 1-year studies in monkeys or albino rats. The significance of this effect for humans has not been established, but involves disruption of a mechanism that is universally present in vertebrates (e.g., disk shedding).
Ocular electroretinogram assessments were conducted during a 2-year, double-blind, multicenter, flexible dose, L-dopa–controlled clinical trial of ropinirole in patients with Parkinson's disease; 156 patients (78 on ropinirole, mean dose: 11.9 mg/day, and 78 on L-dopa, mean dose: 555.2 mg/day) were evaluated for evidence of retinal dysfunction through electroretinograms. There was no clinically meaningful difference between the treatment groups in retinal function over the duration of the trial.
5.12 Binding to Melanin
Ropinirole binds to melanin-containing tissues (e.g., eyes, skin) in pigmented rats. After a single dose, long-term retention of drug was demonstrated, with a half-life in the eye of 20 days.
6 Adverse Reactions
Most common adverse reactions (incidence with ropinirole tablets at least 5% greater than placebo) in the respective indications were:
• Early PD: Nausea, somnolence, dizziness, syncope, asthenic condition, viral infection, leg edema, vomiting, and dyspepsia (6.1 )• Advanced PD: Dyskinesia, somnolence, nausea, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, sweating, and headache (6.1 )• RLS: Nausea, vomiting, somnolence, dizziness, and asthenic condition (6.1 )
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Solco Healthcare U. S., LLC at 1-866-257-2597 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
The following adverse reactions are described in more detail in other sections of the label:
• Hypersensitivity [see Contraindications (4)]• Falling asleep during activities of daily living and somnolence [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]• Syncope [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]• Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]• Hallucinations/psychotic-like behavior [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]• Dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]• Impulse control/compulsive behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]• Withdrawal-emergent hyperpyrexia and confusion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]• Withdrawal Symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]• Augmentation and early-morning rebound in RLS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]• Fibrotic complications [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]• Retinal pathology [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug (or of another development program of a different formulation of the same drug) and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Parkinson's Disease
During the premarketing development of ropinirole tablets, patients received ropinirole tablets either without L-dopa (early Parkinson's disease trials) or as concomitant therapy with L-dopa (advanced Parkinson's disease trials). Because these 2 populations may have differential risks for various adverse reactions, this section will in general present adverse reaction data for these 2 populations separately.
Early Parkinson's Disease (without L-dopa): In the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease, the most commonly observed adverse reactions in patients treated with ropinirole tablets (incidence at least 5% greater than placebo) were nausea, somnolence, dizziness, syncope, asthenic condition (i.e., asthenia, fatigue, and/or malaise), viral infection, leg edema, vomiting, and dyspepsia.
Approximately 24% of patients treated with ropinirole tablets who participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled early Parkinson's disease (without L-dopa) trials discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions compared with 13% of patients who received placebo. The most common adverse reactions in patients treated with ropinirole tablets (incidence at least 2% greater than placebo) of sufficient severity to cause discontinuation were nausea and dizziness.
Table 3 uls treatment-emergent adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients with early Parkinson's disease (without L-dopa) treated with ropinirole tablets participating in the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and were numerically more common than the incidence for placebo-treated patients. In these trials, either ropinirole tablets or placebo was used as early therapy (i.e., without L-dopa).
Table 3. Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reaction Incidence in Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Early Parkinson’s Disease (without L-dopa) Trials (Events ≥2% of Patients Treated with Ropinirole Tablets and Numerically More Frequent than the Placebo Group) Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial or at discontinuation; thus, patients may be included in more than one category.
Body System/Adverse Reaction
Ropinirole Tablets (n = 157) (%)
Placebo (n = 147) (%)
Autonomic nervous system
Flushing
3
1
Dry mouth
5
3
Increased sweating
6
4
Body as a whole
Asthenic conditionAsthenic condition (i.e., asthenia, fatigue, and/or malaise).
16
5
Chest pain
4
2
Dependent edema
6
3
Leg edema
7
1
Pain
8
4
Cardiovascular general
Hypertension
5
3
Hypotension
2
0
Orthostatic symptoms
6
5
Syncope
12
1
Central/peripheral nervous system
Dizziness
40
22
Hyperkinesia
2
1
Hypesthesia
4
2
Vertigo
2
0
Gastrointestinal
Abdominal pain
6
3
Anorexia
4
1
Dyspepsia
10
5
Flatulence
3
1
Nausea
60
22
Vomiting
12
7
Heart rate/rhythm
Extrasystoles
2
1
Atrial fibrillation
2
0
Palpitation
3
2
Tachycardia
2
0
Metabolic/nutritional
Increased alkaline phosphatase
3
1
Psychiatric
Amnesia
3
1
Impaired concentration
2
0
Confusion
5
1
Hallucination
5
1
Somnolence
40
6
Yawning
3
0
Reproductive male Impotence
3
1
Resistance mechanism
Viral infection
11
3
Respiratory
Bronchitis
3
1
Dyspnea
3
0
Pharyngitis
6
4
Rhinitis
4
3
Sinusitis
4
3
Urinary
Urinary tract infection
5
4
Vascular extracardiac
Peripheral ischemia
3
0
Vision
Eye abnormality
3
1
Abnormal vision
6
3
Xerophthalmia
2
0
Advanced Parkinson's Disease (with L-dopa): In the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with advanced-stage Parkinson's disease, the most commonly observed adverse reactions in patients treated with ropinirole tablets (incidence at least 5% greater than placebo) were dyskinesia, somnolence, nausea, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, increased sweating, and headache.
Approximately 24% of patients who received ropinirole tablets in the double-blind, placebo-controlled advanced Parkinson's disease (with L-dopa) trials discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions compared with 18% of patients who received placebo. The most common adverse reaction in patients treated with ropinirole tablets (incidence at least 2% greater than placebo) of sufficient severity to cause discontinuation was dizziness.
Table 4 uls treatment-emergent adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (with L-dopa) treated with ropinirole tablets who participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and were numerically more common than the incidence for placebo-treated patients. In these trials, either ropinirole tablets or placebo was used as an adjunct to L-dopa.
Table 4. Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reaction Incidence in Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Advanced Parkinson’s Disease (with L-dopa) Trials (Events ≥2% of Patients Treated with Ropinirole Tablets and Numerically More Frequent than the Placebo Group) Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial or at discontinuation; thus, patients may be included in more than one category.
Body System/Adverse Reaction
Ropinirole Tablets (n = 208) (%)
Placebo (n = 120) (%)
Autonomic nervous system
Dry mouth
5
1
Increased sweating
7
2
Body as a whole
Increased drug level
7
3
Pain
5
3
Cardiovascular general
Hypotension
2
1
Syncope
3
2
Central/peripheral nervous system
Dizziness
26
16
Dyskinesia
34
13
Falls
10
7
Headache
17
12
Hypokinesia
5
4
Paresis
3
0
Paresthesia
5
3
Tremor
6
3
Gastrointestinal
Abdominal pain
9
8
Constipation
6
3
Diarrhea
5
3
Dysphagia
2
1
Flatulence
2
1
Nausea
30
18
Increased saliva
2
1
Vomiting
7
4
Metabolic/nutritional
Weight decrease
2
1
Musculoskeletal
Arthralgia
7
5
Arthritis
3
1
Psychiatric
Amnesia
5
1
Anxiety
6
3
Confusion
9
2
Abnormal dreaming
3
2
Hallucination
10
4
Nervousness
5
3
Somnolence
20
8
Red blood cell
Anemia
2
0
Resistance mechanism
Upper respiratory tract infection
9
8
Respiratory
Dyspnea
3
2
Urinary
Pyuria
2
1
Urinary incontinence
2
1
Urinary tract infection
6
3
Vision Diplopia
2
1
Restless Legs Syndrome
In the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with RLS, the most commonly observed adverse reactions in patients treated with ropinirole tablets (incidence at least 5% greater than placebo) were nausea, vomiting, somnolence, dizziness, and asthenic condition (i.e., asthenia, fatigue, and/or malaise).
Approximately 5% of patients treated with ropinirole tablets who participated in the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in the treatment of RLS discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions compared with 4% of patients who received placebo. The most common adverse reaction in patients treated with ropinirole tablets (incidence at least 2% greater than placebo) of sufficient severity to cause discontinuation was nausea.
Table 5 uls treatment-emergent adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients with RLS treated with ropinirole tablets participating in the 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and were numerically more common than the incidence for placebo-treated patients.
Table 5. Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reaction Incidence in Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Restless Legs Syndrome Trials (Events ≥2% of Patients Treated with Ropinirole Tablets and Numerically More Frequent than the Placebo Group) Patients may have reported multiple adverse reactions during the trial or at discontinuation; thus, patients may be included in more than one category.
Body System/Adverse Reaction
Ropinirole Tablets (n = 496) (%)
Placebo (n = 500) (%)
Ear and labyrinth
Vertigo
2
1
Gastrointestinal
Nausea
40
8
Vomiting
11
2
Diarrhea
5
3
Dyspepsia
4
3
Dry mouth
3
2
Abdominal pain upper
3
1
General disorders and administration site conditions
Asthenic conditionAsthenic condition (i.e., asthenia, fatigue, and/or malaise).
9
4
Edema peripheral
2
1
Infections and infestations
Nasopharyngitis
9
8
Influenza
3
2
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue
Arthralgia
4
3
Muscle cramps
3
2
Pain in extremity
3
2
Nervous system
Somnolence
12
6
Dizziness
11
5
Paresthesia
3
1
Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal
Cough
3
2
Nasal congestion
2
1
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
Hyperhidrosis
3
1
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of ropinirole. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
• General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Withdrawal symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
7 Drug Interactions
• Inhibitors or inducers of CYP1A2: May alter the clearance of ropinirole tablets; dose adjustment of ropinirole tablets may be required (7.1 ,12.3 )• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Starting or stopping HRT may require dose adjustment of ropinirole tablets (7.2 ,12.3 )• Dopamine antagonists (e.g., neuroleptics, metoclopramide): May reduce efficacy of ropinirole tablets (7.3 )7.1 Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitors and Inducers
In vitro metabolism studies showed that cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is the major enzyme responsible for the metabolism of ropinirole. There is thus the potential for inducers or inhibitors of this enzyme to alter the clearance of ropinirole. Therefore, if therapy with a drug known to be a potent inducer or inhibitor of CYP1A2 is stopped or started during treatment with ropinirole tablets, adjustment of the dose of ropinirole tablets may be required. Coadministration of ciprofloxacin, an inhibitor of CYP1A2, increases the AUC and Cmax of ropinirole [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Cigarette smoking is expected to increase the clearance of ropinirole since CYP1A2 is known to be induced by smoking [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
7.2 Estrogens
Population pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that higher doses of estrogens (usually associated with hormone replacement therapy) reduced the clearance of ropinirole. Starting or stopping hormone replacement therapy may require adjustment of dosage of ropinirole tablets [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
7.3 Dopamine Antagonists
Because ropinirole is a dopamine agonist, it is possible that dopamine antagonists such as neuroleptics (e.g., phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes) or metoclopramide may reduce the efficacy of ropinirole tablets.
8 Use In Specific Populations
Pregnancy: Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm. (8.1 )
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with the use of ropinirole tablets in pregnant women. In animal studies, ropinirole had adverse effects on development when administered to pregnant rats at doses similar to (neurobehavioral impairment) or greater than (teratogenicity and embryolethality at >36 times) the MRHD for Parkinson’s disease. Ropinirole doses associated with teratogenicity and embryolethality in pregnant rats were associated with maternal toxicity. In pregnant rabbits, ropinirole potentiated the teratogenic effects of L-dopa when these drugs were administered in combination [see Data].
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in the indicated populations is unknown.
Data
Animal Data: Oral administration of ropinirole (0, 20, 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rats during organogenesis resulted in embryolethality, increased incidence of fetal malformations (digit, cardiovascular, and neural tube defects) and variations, and decreased fetal weight at the 2 highest doses. These doses were also associated with maternal toxicity. The highest no-effect dose for adverse effects on embryofetal development (90 mg/kg/day) is approximately 36 times the MRHD for Parkinson’s disease (24 mg/day) on a body surface area (mg/m2) basis.
No effect on embryofetal development was observed in rabbits when ropinirole was administered alone during organogenesis at oral doses of 0, 1, 5, or 20 mg/kg/day (up to 16 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis). In pregnant rabbits, there was a greater incidence and severity of fetal malformations (primarily digit defects) when ropinirole (10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally during gestation in combination with L-dopa (250 mg/kg/day) than when L-dopa was administered alone. This drug combination was also associated with maternal toxicity.
Oral administration of ropinirole (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day) to rats during late gestation and continuing throughout lactation resulted in neurobehavioral impairment (decreased startle response) and decreased body weight in offspring at the highest dose. The no-effect dose of 1 mg/kg/day is less than the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of ropinirole in human milk, the effects of ropinirole on the breastfed infant, or the effects of ropinirole on milk production. However, inhibition of lactation is expected because ropinirole inhibits secretion of prolactin in humans. Ropinirole or metabolites, or both, are present in rat milk.
The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for ropinirole tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from ropinirole or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Dose adjustment is not necessary in elderly (65 years and older) patients, as the dose of ropinirole tablets is individually titrated to clinical therapeutic response and tolerability. Pharmacokinetic trials conducted in patients demonstrated that oral clearance of ropinirole is reduced by 15% in patients older than 65 years compared with younger patients [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
In flexible-dose clinical trials of extended-release ropinirole for Parkinson's disease, 387 patients were 65 years and older and 107 patients were 75 years and older. Among patients receiving extended-release ropinirole, hallucination was more common in elderly patients (10%) compared with non-elderly patients (2%). In these trials, the incidence of overall adverse reactions increased with increasing age for both patients receiving extended-release ropinirole and placebo.
In the fixed-dose clinical trials of extended-release ropinirole, 176 patients were 65 years and older and 73 were 75 and older. Among patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease receiving extended-release ropinirole, vomiting and nausea were more common in patients greater than 65 years (5% and 9%, respectively) compared with patients less than 65 (1% and 7%, respectively).
8.6 Renal Impairment
No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30 to 50 mL/min). For patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, a reduced maximum dose is recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2.2, 2.3), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
The use of ropinirole tablets in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) without regular dialysis has not been studied.
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
The pharmacokinetics of ropinirole have not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment.
10 Overdosage
The symptoms of overdose with ropinirole tablets are related to its dopaminergic activity. General supportive measures are recommended. Vital signs should be maintained, if necessary.
In clinical trials, there have been patients who accidentally or intentionally took more than their prescribed dose of ropinirole. The largest overdose reported with ropinirole in clinical trials was 435 mg taken over a 7-day period (62.1 mg/day). Of patients who received a dose greater than 24 mg/day, reported symptoms included adverse events commonly reported during dopaminergic therapy (nausea, dizziness), as well as visual hallucinations, hyperhidrosis, claustrophobia, chorea, palpitations, asthenia, and nightmares. Additional symptoms reported in cases of overdose included vomiting, increased coughing, fatigue, syncope, vasovagal syncope, dyskinesia, agitation, chest pain, orthostatic hypotension, somnolence, and confusional state.
11 Description
Ropinirole tablets contain ropinirole, a non-ergoline dopamine agonist, as the hydrochloride salt. The chemical name of ropinirole hydrochloride is 4-[2-(dipropylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the empirical formula is C16H24N2OHCl. The molecular weight is 296.84 (260.38 as the free base).
The structural formula is:
Ropinirole hydrochloride is a white to yellow solid with a melting range of 243oC to 250°C and a solubility of 133 mg/mL in water.
Each round biconvex film-coated ropinirole tablet contains 0.29, 0.57, 1.14, 2.28, 3.42, 4.56, or 5.70 mg of ropinirole hydrochloride equivalent to ropinirole 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 mg, respectively. Inactive ingredients of the core tablets consist of croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Inactive ingredients of the film coats are slightly different among the 7 strengths of tablets and are tabulated below:
Strength
Inactive ingredients of the film coat
0.25 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide and lecithin (soya).
0.5 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide and iron oxide yellow.
1 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminum lake and iron oxide yellow.
2 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, lecithin (soya) and iron oxide red.
3 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, carmine and FD&C Blue No. 1 aluminum lake.
4 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, iron oxide yellow and iron oxide red.
5 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminum lake and lecithin (soya).
USP dissolution test is pending.
12 Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Ropinirole is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist. The precise mechanism of action of ropinirole as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown, although it is thought to be related to its ability to stimulate dopamine D2 receptors within the caudate-putamen in the brain. The precise mechanism of action of ropinirole as a treatment for RLS is unknown, although it is thought to be related to its ability to stimulate dopamine receptors.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Clinical experience with dopamine agonists, including ropinirole, suggests an association with impaired ability to regulate blood pressure resulting in orthostatic hypotension, especially during dose escalation. In some patients in clinical trials, blood pressure changes were associated with the emergence of orthostatic symptoms, bradycardia, and, in one case in a healthy volunteer, transient sinus arrest with syncope [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)].
The mechanism of orthostatic hypotension induced by ropinirole is presumed to be due to a D2-mediated blunting of the noradrenergic response to standing and subsequent decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Nausea is a common concomitant symptom of orthostatic signs and symptoms.
At oral doses as low as 0.2 mg, ropinirole suppressed serum prolactin concentrations in healthy male volunteers.
Ropinirole had no dose-related effect on electrocardiogram wave form and rhythm in young, healthy, male volunteers in the range of 0.01 to 2.5 mg.
Ropinirole had no dose- or exposure-related effect on mean QT intervals in healthy male and female volunteers titrated to doses up to 4 mg/day. The effect of ropinirole on QTc intervals at higher exposures achieved either due to drug interactions, hepatic impairment, or at higher doses has not been systematically evaluated.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Ropinirole displayed linear kinetics over the dosing range of 1 to 8 mg 3 times daily. Steady-state concentrations are expected to be achieved within 2 days of dosing. Accumulation upon multiple dosing is predictive from single dosing.
Absorption
Ropinirole is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak concentration in approximately 1 to 2 hours. In clinical trials, more than 88% of a radiolabeled dose was recovered in urine and the absolute bioavailability was 45% to 55%, indicating approximately 50% first-pass effect.
Relative bioavailability from a tablet compared with an oral solution is 85%. Food does not affect the extent of absorption of ropinirole, although its Tmax is increased by 2.5 hours and its Cmax is decreased by approximately 25% when the drug is taken with a high-fat meal.
Distribution
Ropinirole is widely distributed throughout the body, with an apparent volume of distribution of 7.5 L/kg. It is up to 40% bound to plasma proteins and has a blood-to-plasma ratio of 1:1.
Metabolism
Ropinirole is extensively metabolized by the liver. The major metabolic pathways are N-despropylation and hydroxylation to form the inactive N-despropyl metabolite and hydroxy metabolites. The N-despropyl metabolite is converted to carbamyl glucuronide, carboxylic acid, and N-despropyl hydroxy metabolites. The hydroxy metabolite of ropinirole is rapidly glucuronidated.
In vitro studies indicate that the major cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the metabolism of ropinirole is CYP1A2, an enzyme known to be induced by smoking and omeprazole and inhibited by, for example, fluvoxamine, mexiletine, and the older fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin.
Elimination
The clearance of ropinirole after oral administration is 47 L/h and its elimination half-life is approximately 6 hours. Less than 10% of the administered dose is excreted as unchanged drug in urine. N-despropyl ropinirole is the predominant metabolite found in urine (40%), followed by the carboxylic acid metabolite (10%) and the glucuronide of the hydroxy metabolite (10%).
Specific Populations
Because therapy with ropinirole tablet is initiated at a low dose and gradually titrated upward according to clinical tolerability to obtain the optimum therapeutic effect, adjustment of the initial dose based on gender, weight, or age is not necessary.
Geriatric Patients: Oral clearance of ropinirole is reduced by 15% in patients older than 65 years compared with younger patients. Dosage adjustment is not necessary in the elderly (older than 65 years), as the dose of ropinirole is to be individually titrated to clinical response.
Male and Female Patients: Male and female patients showed similar clearance.
Racial or Ethnic Groups: The influence of race on the pharmacokinetics of ropinirole has not been evaluated.
Cigarette Smoking: Smoking is expected to increase the clearance of ropinirole since CYP1A2 is known to be induced by smoking. In a trial in patients with RLS, smokers (n = 7) had an approximately 30% lower Cmax and a 38% lower AUC than did nonsmokers (n = 11) when those parameters were normalized for dose.
Patients with Renal Impairment: Based on population pharmacokinetic analysis, no difference was observed in the pharmacokinetics of ropinirole in subjects with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance between 30 to 50 mL/min) compared with an age-matched population with creatinine clearance above 50 mL/min.
Therefore, no dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with moderate renal impairment.
A trial of ropinirole in subjects with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis has shown that clearance of ropinirole was reduced by approximately 30%. The recommended maximum dose is lower in these patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.2, 2.3)].
The use of ropinirole in subjects with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) without regular dialysis has not been studied.
Patients with Hepatic Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of ropinirole have not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment. Because ropinirole is extensively metabolized by the liver, these patients may have higher plasma levels and lower clearance of ropinirole than patients with normal hepatic function.
Other Diseases: Population pharmacokinetic analysis revealed no change in the clearance of ropinirole in patients with concomitant diseases such as hypertension, depression, osteoporosis/arthritis, and insomnia compared with patients with Parkinson’s disease only.
Drug Interaction Studies
Digoxin: Coadministration of ropinirole tablets (2 mg 3 times daily) with digoxin (0.125 to 0.25 mg once daily) did not alter the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin in 10 patients.
Theophylline: Administration of theophylline (300 mg twice daily), a substrate of CYP1A2, did not alter the steady-state pharmacokinetics of ropinirole (2 mg 3 times daily) in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease. Ropinirole tablets (2 mg 3 times daily) did not alter the pharmacokinetics of theophylline (5 mg/kg intravenously) in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease.
Ciprofloxacin: Coadministration of ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily), an inhibitor of CYP1A2, with ropinirole tablets (2 mg 3 times daily) increased ropinirole AUC by 84% on average and Cmax by 60% (n = 12 patients).
Estrogens: Population pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that estrogens (mainly ethinylestradiol: intake 0.6 to 3 mg over 4-month to 23-year period) reduced the oral clearance of ropinirole by 36% in 16 patients.
L-dopa: Coadministration of carbidopa + L-dopa (10/100 mg twice daily) with ropinirole tablets (2 mg 3 times daily) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of ropinirole (n = 28 patients). Oral administration of ropinirole tablets 2 mg 3 times daily increased mean steady-state Cmax of L-dopa by 20%, but its AUC was unaffected (n = 23 patients).
Commonly Administered Drugs: Population analysis showed that commonly administered drugs (e.g., selegiline, amantadine, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, ibuprofen, thiazides, antihistamines, anticholinergics) did not affect the clearance of ropinirole. An in vitro study indicates that ropinirole is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein. Ropinirole and its circulating metabolites do not inhibit or induce P450 enzymes; therefore, ropinirole is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of other drugs by a P450 mechanism.
13 Nonclinical Toxicology
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenesis
Two-year carcinogenicity studies of ropinirole were conducted in mice at oral doses of 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day and in rats at oral doses of 1.5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day.
In rats, there was an increase in testicular Leydig cell adenomas at all doses tested. The lowest dose tested (1.5 mg/kg/day) is less than the MRHD for Parkinson's disease (24 mg/day) on a mg/m2 basis. The endocrine mechanisms believed to be involved in the production of these tumors in rats are not considered relevant to humans.
In mice, there was an increase in benign uterine endometrial polyps at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day. The highest dose not associated with this finding (15 mg/kg/day) is 3 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis.
Mutagenesis
Ropinirole was not mutagenic or clastogenic in in vitro (Ames, chromosomal aberration in human lymphocytes, mouse lymphoma tk) assays, or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus test.
Impairment of Fertility
When administered to female rats prior to and during mating and throughout pregnancy, ropinirole caused disruption of implantation at oral doses of 20 mg/kg/day (8 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis) or greater. This effect in rats is thought to be due to the prolactin-lowering effect of ropinirole. In rat studies using a low oral dose (5 mg/kg) during the prolactin-dependent phase of early pregnancy (gestation days 0 to 8), ropinirole did not affect female fertility at oral doses up to 100 mg/kg/day (40 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis). No effect on male fertility was observed in rats at oral doses up to 125 mg/kg/day (50 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis).
14 Clinical Studies
14.1 Parkinsons Disease
The effectiveness of ropinirole tablets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease was evaluated in a multinational drug development program consisting of 11 randomized, controlled trials. Four trials were conducted in patients with early Parkinson's disease and no concomitant L-dopa and 7 trials were conducted in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease with concomitant L-dopa.
Three placebo-controlled trials provide evidence of effectiveness of ropinirole tablets in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease who were and were not receiving concomitant L-dopa. Two of these 3 trials enrolled patients with early Parkinson's disease (without L-dopa) and 1 enrolled patients receiving L-dopa.
In these trials a variety of measures were used to assess the effects of treatment (e.g., Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS], Clinical Global Impression [CGI] scores, patient diaries recording time "on" and "off," tolerability of L-dopa dose reductions).
In both trials of patients with early Parkinson's disease (without L-dopa), the motor component (Part III) of the UPDRS was the primary outcome assessment. The UPDRS is a multi-li rating scale intended to evaluate mentation (Part I), activities of daily living (Part II), motor performance (Part III), and complications of therapy (Part IV). Part III of the UPDRS contains 14 lis designed to assess the severity of the cardinal motor findings in patients with Parkinson's disease (e.g., tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability) scored for different body regions and has a maximum (worst) score of 108. In the trial of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (with L-dopa), both reduction in percent awake time spent "off" and the ability to reduce the daily use of L-dopa were assessed as a combined endpoint and individually.
Trials in Patients with Early Parkinson's Disease (without L-dopa)
Trial 1 was a 12-week multicenter trial in which 63 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease receiving concomitant anti-Parkinson medication (but not L-dopa) were enrolled and 41 were randomized to ropinirole tablets and 22 to placebo. Patients had a mean disease duration of approximately 2 years. Patients were eligible for enrollment if they presented with bradykinesia and at least tremor, rigidity, or postural instability. In addition, they must have been classified as Hoehn & Yahr Stage I-IV. This scale, ranging from I = unilateral involvement with minimal impairment to V = confined to wheelchair or bed, is a standard instrument used for staging patients with Parkinson's disease. The primary outcome measure in this trial was the proportion of patients experiencing a decrease (compared with baseline) of at least 30% in the UPDRS motor score.
Patients were titrated for up to 10 weeks, starting at 0.5 mg twice daily, with weekly increments of 0.5 mg twice daily to a maximum of 5 mg twice daily. Once patients reached their maximally tolerated dose (or 5 mg twice daily), they were maintained on that dose through 12 weeks. The mean dose achieved by patients at trial endpoint was 7.4 mg/day. Mean baseline UPDRS motor score was 18.6 for patients treated with ropinirole tablets and 19.9 for patients treated with placebo. At the end of 12 weeks, the percentage of responders was greater on ropinirole tablets than on placebo and the difference was statistically significant (Table 6).
Table 6. Percent Responders for Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Motor Score in Trial 1 (Intent-to-Treat Population)
Responders
Difference from Placebo
Placebo
41%
NA
Ropinirole Tablets
71%
30%
Trial 2 in patients with early Parkinson's disease (without L-dopa) was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial. In this trial, 241 patients were enrolled and 116 were randomized to ropinirole tablets and 125 to placebo. Patients were essentially similar to those in the trial described above; concomitant use of selegiline was allowed, but patients were not permitted to use anticholinergics or amantadine during the trial. Patients had a mean disease duration of 2 years and limited (not more than a 6-week period) or no prior exposure to L-dopa. The starting dosage of ropinirole tablets in this trial was 0.25 mg 3 times daily. The dosage was titrated at weekly intervals by increments of 0.25 mg 3 times daily to a dosage of 1 mg 3 times daily. Further titrations at weekly intervals were at increments of 0.5 mg 3 times daily up to a dosage of 3 mg 3 times daily, and then weekly at increments of 1 mg 3 times daily. Patients were to be titrated to a dosage of at least 1.5 mg 3 times daily and then to their maximally tolerated dosage, up to a maximum of 8 mg 3 times daily. The mean dose attained in patients at trial endpoint was 15.7 mg/day.
The primary measure of effectiveness was the mean percent reduction (improvement) from baseline in the UPDRS motor score. At the end of the 6-month trial, patients treated with ropinirole tablets showed improvement in motor score compared with placebo and the difference was statistically significant (Table 7).
Table 7. Mean Percentage Change from Baseline in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Motor Score at End of Treatment in Trial 2 (Intent-to-Treat Population)
Treatment
Baseline UPDRS Motor Score
Mean Change from Baseline
Difference from Placebo
Placebo
17.7
+4%
NA
Ropinirole Tablets
17.9
-22%
-26%
Trial in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease (with L-dopa)
Trial 3 was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial that randomized 149 patients (Hoehn & Yahr II-IV) who were not adequately controlled on L-dopa. Ninety-five patients were randomized to ropinirole tablets and 54 were randomized to placebo. Patients in this trial had a mean disease duration of approximately 9 years, had been exposed to L-dopa for approximately 7 years, and had experienced "on-off" periods with L-dopa therapy. Patients previously receiving stable doses of selegiline, amantadine, and/or anticholinergic agents could continue on these agents during the trial. Patients were started at a dosage of 0.25 mg 3 times daily of ropinirole tablets and titrated upward by weekly intervals until an optimal therapeutic response was achieved. The maximum dosage of trial medication was 8 mg 3 times daily. All patients had to be titrated to at least a dosage of 2.5 mg 3 times daily. Patients could then be maintained on this dosage level or higher for the remainder of the trial. Once a dosage of 2.5 mg 3 times daily was achieved, patients underwent a mandatory reduction in their L-dopa dosage, to be followed by additional mandatory reductions with continued escalation of the dosage of ropinirole tablets. Reductions in the dosage of L-dopa were also allowed if patients experienced adverse reactions that the investigator considered related to dopaminergic therapy. The mean dose attained at trial endpoint was 16.3 mg/day. The primary outcome was the proportion of responders, defined as patients who were able both to achieve a decrease (compared with baseline) of at least 20% in their L-dopa dosage and a decrease of at least 20% in the proportion of the time awake in the "off" condition (a period of time during the day when patients are particularly immobile), as determined by subject diary. In addition, the mean change in "off" time from baseline and the percent change from baseline in daily L-dopa dosage were examined.
At the end of 6 months, the percentage of responders was greater on ropinirole tablets than on placebo and the difference was statistically significant (Table 8).
Based on the protocol-mandated reductions in L-dopa dosage with escalating doses of ropinirole tablets, patients treated with ropinirole tablets had a 19.4% mean reduction in L-dopa dosage while patients treated with placebo had a 3% reduction. Mean daily L-dopa dosage at baseline was 759 mg for patients treated with ropinirole tablets and 843 mg for patients treated with placebo.
The mean number of daily "off" hours at baseline was 6.4 hours for patients treated with ropinirole tablets and 7.3 hours for patients treated with placebo. At the end of the 6-month trial, there was a mean reduction of 1.5 hours of "off" time in patients treated with ropinirole tablets and a mean reduction of 0.9 hours of "off" time in patients treated with placebo, resulting in a treatment difference of 0.6 hours of "off" time.
Table 8. Mean Responder Percentage of Patients Reducing Daily L-Dopa Dosage by at Least 20% and Daily Proportion of “Off” Time by at Least 20% at End of Treatment in Trial 3 (Intent-to-Treat Population)
Treatment
Responders
Difference from Placebo
Placebo
11%
NA
Ropinirole Tablets
28%
17%
14.2 Restless Legs Syndrome
The effectiveness of ropinirole tablets in the treatment of RLS was demonstrated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adults diagnosed with RLS using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group diagnostic criteria. Patients were required to have a history of a minimum of 15 RLS episodes/month during the previous month and a total score of ≥15 on the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS scale) at baseline. Patients with RLS secondary to other conditions (e.g., pregnancy, renal failure, anemia) were excluded. All trials employed flexible dosing, with patients initiating therapy at 0.25 mg of ropinirole once daily. Patients were titrated based on clinical response and tolerability over 7 weeks to a maximum of 4 mg once daily. All doses were taken between 1 and 3 hours before bedtime.
A variety of measures were used to assess the effects of treatment, including the IRLS scale and Clinical Global Impression-Global Improvement (CGI-I) scores. The IRLS scale contains 10 lis designed to assess the severity of sensory and motor symptoms, sleep disturbance, daytime somnolence, and impact on activities of daily living and mood associated with RLS. The range of scores is 0 to 40, with 0 being absence of RLS symptoms and 40 the most severe symptoms. Three of the controlled trials utilized the change from baseline in the IRLS scale at the Week 12 endpoint as the primary efficacy outcome.
Three hundred eighty patients were randomized to receive ropinirole tablets (n = 187) or placebo (n = 193) in a U.S. trial (RLS-1); 284 were randomized to receive either ropinirole tablets (n = 146) or placebo (n = 138) in a multinational trial (excluding U.S.) (RLS-2); and 267 patients were randomized to ropinirole tablets (n = 131) or placebo (n = 136) in a multinational trial (including U.S.) (RLS-3). Across the 3 trials, the mean duration of RLS was 16 to 22 years (range: 0 to 65 years), mean age was approximately 54 years (range: 18 to 79 years), and approximately 61% were women. The mean dose at Week 12 was approximately 2 mg/day for the 3 trials.
At baseline, mean total IRLS score was 22.0 for ropinirole tablets and 21.6 for placebo in RLS-1, 24.4 for ropinirole tablets and 25.2 for placebo in RLS-2, and 23.6 for ropinirole tablets and 24.8 for placebo in RLS-3. In all 3 trials, a statistically significant difference between the treatment group receiving ropinirole tablets and the treatment group receiving placebo was observed at Week 12 for both the mean change from baseline in the IRLS scale total score and the percentage of patients rated as responders (much improved or very much improved) on the CGI-I (see Table 9).
Table 9. Mean Change in Total IRLS Rating Scale Score and Percent Responders on CGI-I
Ropinirole Tablets
Placebo
Difference from Placebo
Mean change in total IRLS scale score at Week 12
RLS-1
-13.5
-9.8
-3.7
RLS-2
-11.0
-8.0
-3.0
RLS-3
-11.2
-8.7
-2.5
Percent responders on CGI-I at Week 12
RLS-1
73.3%
56.5%
16.8%
RLS-2
53.4%
40.9%
12.5%
RLS-3
59.5%
39.6%
19.9%
IRLS = International Restless Legs Syndrome, CGI-I = Clinical Global Impression-Global Improvement, RLS = Restless Legs Syndrome.
Long-term maintenance of efficacy in the treatment of RLS was demonstrated in a 36-week trial. Following a 24-week, single-blind treatment phase (flexible dosages of ropinirole tablets of 0.25 to 4 mg once daily), patients who were responders (defined as a decrease of >6 points on the IRLS scale total score relative to baseline) were randomized in double-blind fashion to placebo or continuation of ropinirole tablets for an additional 12 weeks. Relapse was defined as an increase of at least 6 points on the IRLS scale total score to a total score of at least 15, or withdrawal due to lack of efficacy. For patients who were responders at Week 24, the mean dose of ropinirole tablets was 2 mg (range: 0.25 to 4 mg). Patients continued on ropinirole tablets demonstrated a significantly lower relapse rate compared with patients randomized to placebo (32.6% versus 57.8%, P = 0.0156).
16 How Supplied/storage And Handling
Each round biconvex film-coated ropinirole tablet, USP, contains ropinirole hydrochloride equivalent to the labeled amount of ropinirole as follows:
0.25-mg: white tablets debossed “595” on one side and “S” on the other side
Bottles of 100 – NDC 43547-595-10
Bottles of 500 – NDC 43547-595-50
0.5-mg: yellow tablets debossed “596” on one side and “S” on the other side
Bottles of 100 – NDC 43547-596-10
Bottles of 500 – NDC 43547-596-50
1-mg: green tablets debossed “597” on one side and “S” on the other side
Bottles of 100 – NDC 43547-597-10
Bottles of 500 – NDC 43547-597-50
2-mg: pink tablets debossed “598” on one side and “S” on the other side
Bottles of 100 – NDC 43547-598-10
Bottles of 500 – NDC 43547-598-50
3-mg: purple tablets debossed “599” on one side and “S” on the other side
Bottles of 100 – NDC 43547-599-10
Bottles of 500 – NDC 43547-599-50
4-mg: beige tablets debossed “600” on one side and “S” on the other side
Bottles of 100 – NDC 43547-600-10
Bottles of 500 – NDC 43547-600-50
5-mg: blue tablets debossed “601” on one side and “S” on the other side
Bottles of 100 – NDC 43547-601-10
Bottles of 500 – NDC 43547-601-50
Storage Store at room temperature between 20°C and 25°C (68°F and 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light and moisture. Close container tightly after each use.
17 Patient Counseling Information
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Dosing Instructions
Instruct patients to take ropinirole tablets only as prescribed. If a dose is missed, advise patients not to double their next dose. Ropinirole tablets can be taken with or without food [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Ropinirole is the active ingredient in both ropinirole extended-release tablets and ropinirole tablets (the immediate-release formulation). Ask your patients if they are taking another medication containing ropinirole.
Hypersensitivity/Allergic Reactions
Advise patients about the potential for developing a hypersensitivity/allergic reaction including manifestations such as urticaria, angioedema, rash, and pruritus when taking any ropinirole product. Inform patients who experience these or similar reactions to immediately contact their healthcare professional [see Contraindications (4)].
Falling Asleep during Activities of Daily Living and Somnolence
Alert patients to the potential sedating effects caused by ropinirole tablets, including somnolence and the possibility of falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living. Because somnolence is a frequent adverse reaction with potentially serious consequences, patients should not drive a car, operate machinery, or engage in other potentially dangerous activities until they have gained sufficient experience with ropinirole tablets to gauge whether or not it adversely affects their mental and/or motor performance.. Advise patients that if increased somnolence or episodes of falling asleep during activities of daily living (e.g., conversations, eating, driving a motor vehicle) are experienced at any time during treatment, they should not drive or participate in potentially dangerous activities until they have contacted their physician.
Advise patients of possible additive effects when patients are taking other sedating medications, alcohol, or other central nervous system depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, antidepressants) in combination with ropinirole tablets or when taking a concomitant medication (e.g., ciprofloxacin) that increases plasma levels of ropinirole [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Syncope and Hypotension/Orthostatic Hypotension
Advise patients that they may experience syncope and may develop hypotension with or without symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, syncope, and sometimes sweating while taking ropinirole tablets, especially if they are elderly. Hypotension and/or orthostatic symptoms may occur more frequently during initial therapy or with an increase in dose at any time (cases have been seen after weeks of treatment). Postural/orthostatic symptoms may be related to sitting up or standing. Accordingly, caution patients against standing rapidly after sitting or lying down, especially if they have been doing so for prolonged periods and especially at the initiation of treatment with ropinirole tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)].
Hallucinations/Psychotic-Like Behavior
Inform patients that they may experience hallucinations (unreal visions, sounds, or sensations), and that other psychotic-like behavior can occur while taking ropinirole tablets. In patients with Parkinson’s disease, the elderly are at greater risk than younger patients. This risk is greater in patients who are taking ropinirole tablets with L-dopa or taking higher doses of ropinirole tablets and may also be further increased in patients taking any other drugs that increase dopaminergic tone. Tell patients to report hallucinations or psychotic-like behavior to their healthcare provider promptly should they develop [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Dyskinesia
Inform patients that ropinirole tablets may cause and/or exacerbate pre-existing dyskinesias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Impulse Control/Compulsive Behaviors
Advise patients that they may experience impulse control and/or compulsive behaviors while taking ropinirole. Advise patients to inform their physician or healthcare provider if they develop new or increased gambling urges, sexual urges, uncontrolled spending, binge or compulsive eating, or other urges while being treated with ropinirole tablets. Physicians should consider dose reduction or stopping the medication if a patient develops such urges while taking ropinirole tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Withdrawal-Emergent Hyperpyrexia and Confusion
Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they wish to discontinue ropinirole tablets or decrease the dose of ropinirole tablets. Advise patients who have been prescribed a lower dose or who have been withdrawn from the drug to notify their healthcare provider if they present with fever, muscular rigidity, or altered consciousness [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].
Withdrawal Symptoms
Advise patients that withdrawal symptoms may occur during or after discontinuation or dose reduction of ropinirole tablets. Advise patients who have been prescribed a lower dose or who have been withdrawn from the drug to notify their healthcare provider if they have withdrawal symptoms such as apathy, anxiety, depression, fatigue, insomnia, sweating, or pain. Notify patients that in case of severe withdrawal symptoms, a trial re-administration of a dopamine agonist at the lowest effective dose may be considered [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].
Augmentation and Rebound
Inform patients with RLS that augmentation and/or rebound may occur after starting treatment with ropinirole tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
Nursing Mothers
Because of the possibility that ropinirole may be excreted in breast milk, discuss the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding along with the mother’s clinical need for ropinirole tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from ropinirole or from the underlying maternal condition [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)]. Advise patients that ropinirole tablets could inhibit lactation because ropinirole inhibits prolactin secretion.
Pregnancy
Because experience with ropinirole in pregnant women is limited and ropinirole has been shown to have adverse effects on embryofetal development in animals, including teratogenic effects, advise patients of this potential risk. Advise patients to notify their physician if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
See separately provided patient information sheet.
Dispense with Patient Information available at: www.solcohealthcare.com/medguide/ropinirole-tablets.pdf
Manufactured by:Prinston LaboratoriesCharlotte, NC 28206, USA
Distributed by:Solco Healthcare US, LLC
Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
Revised: 11/2021
9040514-02
PATIENT INFORMATION
Ropinirole tablets (roe pin’ i role”), USP
Ropinirole extended-release tablets (roe pin’ i role”), USP
Dispense with Patient Information available at: www.solcohealthcare.com/medguide/ropinirole-tablets.pdf
If you have Parkinson's disease, read this side.
If you have Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), read the other side.
Important Note: Ropinirole extended-release tablets have not been studied in RLS and are not approved for the treatment of RLS. However, an immediate-release form of ropinirole is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe primary RLS (see other side of this leaflet).
What is the most important information I should know about ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets?
Ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets can cause serious side effects, including:
• Falling asleep during normal activities. You may fall asleep while doing normal activities such as driving a car, doing physical tasks, or using hazardous machinery while taking ropinirole tablets. You may suddenly fall asleep without being drowsy or without warning. This may result in having accidents. Your chances of falling asleep while doing normal activities while taking ropinirole tablets are greater if you take other medicines that cause drowsiness. Tell your healthcare provider right away if this happens. Before starting ropinirole tablets, be sure to tell your healthcare provider if you take any medicines that make you drowsy.• Fainting. Fainting can happen, and sometimes your heart rate may be decreased. This can happen especially when you start taking ropinirole tablets or your dose is increased. Tell your healthcare provider if you faint, feel dizzy, or feel light-headed.• Decrease in blood pressure. Ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets can decrease your blood pressure (hypotension), especially when you start taking ropinirole tablets or when your dose is changed. If you faint or feel dizzy, nauseated, or sweaty when you stand up from sitting or lying down (orthostatic hypotension), this may mean that your blood pressure is decreased. When you change position from lying down or sitting to standing up, you should do it carefully and slowly. Call your healthcare provider if you have any of the symptoms of decreased blood pressure uled above.• Increase in blood pressure. Ropinirole extended-release tablets may increase your blood pressure.• Changes in heart rate (decrease or increase). Ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets can decrease or increase your heart rate.• Hallucinations and other psychotic-like behavior. Ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets can cause or worsen psychotic-like behavior including hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real), confusion, excessive suspicion, aggressive behavior, agitation, delusional beliefs (believing things that are not real), and disorganized thinking. The chances of having hallucinations or these other psychotic-like changes are higher in people with Parkinson's disease who are taking ropinirole tablets or taking higher doses of these drugs. If you have hallucinations or any of these other psychotic-like changes, talk with your healthcare provider.• Uncontrolled sudden movements. Ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets may cause uncontrolled sudden movements or make such movements you already have worse or more frequent. Tell your healthcare provider if this happens. The doses of your anti-Parkinson's medicine may need to be changed.• Unusual urges. Some patients taking ropinirole tablets get urges to behave in a way unusual for them. Examples of this are an unusual urge to gamble, increased sexual urges and behaviors, or an uncontrollable urge to shop, spend money, or eat. If you notice or your family notices that you are developing any unusual behaviors, talk to your healthcare provider.• Withdrawal Symptoms. Ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets are dopamine agonist medicines. Dopamine agonist medicines, including ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets can cause withdrawal symptoms as your dose is slowly lowered (tapered) or when treatment with ropinirole tablets or ropinirole extended-release tablets is stopped. Tell your doctor right away if you get any of the following withdrawal symptoms:
o fever
o fatigue
o confusion
o sweating
o severe muscle stiffness
o pain
o insomnia
o feeling like you do not care about things you usually care about (apathy)
o depression
o anxiety
After you have stopped taking ropinirole tablets or ropinirole extended-release tablets, your healthcare provider may need to restart you at a low dose of ropinirole tablets or ropinirole extended-release tablets if you get severe withdrawal symptoms.
What are ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets?
• Ropinirole tablets are short-acting prescription medicines containing ropinirole (usually taken 3 times a day) that is used to treat Parkinson's disease. It is also used to treat a condition called Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).• Ropinirole extended-release tablets are long-acting prescription medicines containing ropinirole (taken 1 time a day) that is used only to treat Parkinson's disease but not to treat RLS.
Having one of these conditions does not mean you have or will develop the other condition.
You should not be taking more than 1 medicine containing ropinirole. Tell your healthcare provider if you are taking any other medicine containing ropinirole.
It is not known if ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets are safe and effective for use in children younger than 18 years of age.
Do not take ropinirole tablets if you:
• are allergic to ropinirole or any of the ingredients in ropinirole tablets. See the end of this page for a complete ul of the ingredients in ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets.
Get help right away if any of the symptoms of an allergic reaction cause problems swallowing or breathing. Call your healthcare provider if you have any of the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:
• hives• rash• swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat• itching
Before taking ropinirole tablets, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
• have daytime sleepiness from a sleep disorder or have unexpected or unpredictable sleepiness or periods of sleep.• start or stop taking other medicines while you are taking ropinirole tablets. This may increase your chances of getting side effects.• start or stop smoking while you are taking ropinirole tablets. Smoking may decrease the treatment effect of ropinirole tablets.• feel dizzy, nauseated, sweaty, or faint when you stand up from sitting or lying down.• drink alcoholic beverages. This may increase your chances of becoming drowsy or sleepy while taking ropinirole tablets.• have high or low blood pressure.• have or have had heart problems.• are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Ropinirole tablets can harm your unborn baby.• are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if ropinirole passes into your breast milk. The amount of breast milk you make may be decreased while taking ropinirole tablets. Talk to your healthcare provider to decide if you should breastfeed while taking ropinirole tablets.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some of these medicines may increase your chances of getting side effects while taking ropinirole tablets.
How should I take ropinirole tablets?
• Take ropinirole tablets exactly as directed by your healthcare provider.• Take ropinirole tablets with or without food.• Do not suddenly stop taking ropinirole tablets without talking to your healthcare provider. If you stop this medicine, you may develop withdrawal symptoms (see“What is the most important information I should know about ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets?”). • Before starting ropinirole tablets, you should talk to your healthcare provider about what to do if you miss a dose. If you have missed the previous dose and it is time for your next dose, do not double the dose.• Your healthcare provider will start you on a low dose of ropinirole tablets. Your healthcare provider will change the dose until you are taking the right amount of medicine to control your symptoms. It may take several weeks before you reach a dose that controls your symptoms.• Contact your healthcare provider if you stop taking ropinirole tablets for any reason. Do not restart without talking with your healthcare provider.• Your healthcare provider may prescribe ropinirole tablets alone, or add ropinirole tablets to medicine that you are already taking for Parkinson’s disease.• You should not substitute ropinirole tablets for ropinirole extended-release tablets, or ropinirole extended-release tablets for ropinirole tablets without talking with your healthcare provider.
If you are taking ropinirole tablets:
• Ropinirole tablets are usually taken 3 times a day for Parkinson's disease.
If you are taking ropinirole extended-release tablets:
• Take ropinirole extended-release tablets 1 time each day for Parkinson’s disease, preferably at or around the same time of day.• Swallow ropinirole extended-release tablets whole. Do not chew, crush, or split ropinirole extended-release tablets.• Ropinirole extended-release tablets release drug over a 24-hour period. If you have a condition where medicine passes through your body too quickly, such as diarrhea, the tablet(s) may not dissolve completely and you may see tablet residue in your stool. If this happens, let your healthcare provider know as soon as possible.
What are the possible side effects of ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets?
Ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets can cause serious side effects, including:
• See "What is the most important information I should know about ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets?"
The most common side effects of ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets include:
• fainting• sleepiness or drowsiness• hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real)• dizziness• nausea or vomiting• uncontrolled sudden movements• leg swelling• fatigue, tiredness, or weakness• confusion• headache• upset stomach, abdominal pain or discomfort• increased sweating• constipation• suddenly falling asleep• high blood pressure (hypertension)
Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all of the possible side effects with ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store ropinirole tablets?
• Store ropinirole tablets at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).• Keep ropinirole tablets in a tightly closed container and out of direct sunlight.
Keep ropinirole tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of ropinirole tablets.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those uled in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use ropinirole tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give ropinirole tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them.
You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in ropinirole tablets and ropinirole extended-release tablets ?
The following ingredients are in ropinirole tablets:
Active ingredient: ropinirole (as ropinirole hydrochloride, USP)
Inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Inactive ingredients of the film coats are slightly different among the 7 strengths of tablets and are tabulated below:
Strength
Inactive ingredients of the film coat
0.25 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide and lecithin (soya).
0.5 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide and iron oxide yellow.
1 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminum lake and iron oxide yellow.
2 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, lecithin (soya) and iron oxide red.
3 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, carmine and FD&C Blue No. 1 aluminum lake.
4 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, iron oxide yellow and iron oxide red.
5 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminum lake and lecithin (soya).
The following ingredients are in ropinirole extended-release tablets:
Active ingredient: ropinirole (as ropinirole hydrochloride, USP)
Inactive ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose sodium, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, yellow ferric oxide. Inactive ingredients of the film coats are slightly different among the 5 strengths of tablets and are tabulated below:
Strength
Inactive ingredients of the film coat
2 mg
polyvinyl alcohol-partially hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, D&C red #27 aluminum lake and FD&C blue #1 aluminum lake
4 mg
polyvinyl alcohol-partially hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, D&C yellow #10 aluminum lake and red ferric oxide
6 mg
polyvinyl alcohol-partially hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide and polyethylene glycol
8 mg
polyvinyl alcohol-partially hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol and red ferric oxide
12 mg
polyvinyl alcohol-partially hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, yellow ferric oxide and FD&C blue #2 aluminum lake
Patient Information
Ropinirole tablets (roe pin’ i role”), USP
If you have Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), read this side.
If you have Parkinson's disease, read the other side.
Important Note: Ropinirole extended-release tablets have not been studied in RLS and are not approved for the treatment of RLS.
People with RLS should take ropinirole tablets differently than people with Parkinson's disease (see "How should I take ropinirole tablets for RLS?" for the recommended dosing for RLS). A lower dose of ropinirole tablet is generally needed for people with RLS, and is taken once daily before bedtime.
What is the most important information I should know about ropinirole tablets?
Ropinirole tablets can cause serious side effects, including:
• Falling asleep during normal activities. You may fall asleep while doing normal activities such as driving a car, doing physical tasks, or using hazardous machinery while taking ropinirole tablets. You may suddenly fall asleep without being drowsy or without warning. This may result in having accidents. Your chances of falling asleep while doing normal activities while taking ropinirole tablets are greater if you take other medicines that cause drowsiness. Tell your healthcare provider right away if this happens. Before starting ropinirole tablets, be sure to tell your healthcare provider if you take any medicines that make you drowsy.• Fainting. Fainting can happen, and sometimes your heart rate may be decreased. This can happen especially when you start taking ropinirole tablets or your dose is increased. Tell your healthcare provider if you faint, feel dizzy, or feel light-headed.• Decrease in blood pressure. Ropinirole tablets can decrease your blood pressure (hypotension), especially when you start taking ropinirole tablets or when your dose is changed. If you feel faint or feel dizzy, nauseated, or sweaty when you stand up from sitting or lying down (orthostatic hypotension), this may mean that your blood pressure is decreased. When you change position from lying down or sitting to standing up, you should do it carefully and slowly. Call your healthcare provider if you have any of the symptoms of decreased blood pressure uled above.• Hallucinations and other psychotic-like behavior. Ropinirole tablets can cause or worsen psychotic-like behavior including hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real), confusion, excessive suspicion, aggressive behavior, agitation, delusional beliefs (believing things that are not real), and disorganized thinking. If you have hallucinations or any of these other psychotic-like changes, talk with your healthcare provider.• Unusual urges. Some patients taking ropinirole tablets get urges to behave in a way unusual for them. Examples of this are an unusual urge to gamble, increased sexual urges and behaviors, or an uncontrollable urge to shop, spend money, or eat. If you notice or your family notices that you are developing any unusual behaviors, talk to your healthcare provider.• Withdrawal Symptoms. Ropinirole tablets are dopamine agonist medicines. Dopamine agonist medicines, including ropinirole tablets can cause withdrawal symptoms as your dose is slowly lowered (tapered) or when treatment with ropinirole tablets is stopped. Tell your doctor right away if you get any of the following withdrawal symptoms:
o fever
o fatigue
o confusion
o sweating
o severe muscle stiffness
o pain
o insomnia
o feeling like you do not care about things you usually care about (apathy)
o depression
o anxiety
After you have stopped taking ropinirole tablets, your healthcare provider may need to restart you at a low dose of ropinirole tablets if you get severe withdrawal symptoms.
• Changes in RLS symptoms. Ropinirole tablets may cause RLS symptoms to come back in the morning (rebound), happen earlier in the evening, or even happen in the afternoon.
What are ropinirole tablets?
Ropinirole tablets are a prescription medicine containing ropinirole used to treat moderate-to-severe primary RLS. It is also used to treat Parkinson's disease.
Having one of these conditions does not mean you have or will develop the other condition.
You should not be taking more than 1 medicine containing ropinirole. Tell your healthcare provider if you are taking any other medicine containing ropinirole.
It is not known if ropinirole tablets are safe and effective for use in children younger than 18 years of age.
Do not take ropinirole tablets if you:
• are allergic to ropinirole or any of the ingredients in ropinirole tablets. See the end of this page for a complete ul of the ingredients in ropinirole tablets.
Get help right away if any of the symptoms of an allergic reaction cause problems swallowing or breathing. Call your healthcare provider if you have any of the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:
• hives• rash• swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat• itching
Before taking ropinirole tablets, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
• have daytime sleepiness from a sleep disorder or have unexpected or unpredictable sleepiness or periods of sleep.• start or stop taking other medicines while you are taking ropinirole tablets. This may increase your chances of getting side effects.• start or stop smoking while you are taking ropinirole tablets. Smoking may decrease the treatment effect of ropinirole tablets.• feel dizzy, nauseated, sweaty, or faint when you stand up from sitting or lying down.• drink alcoholic beverages. This may increase your chances of becoming drowsy or sleepy while taking ropinirole tablets.• have high or low blood pressure.• have or have had heart problems.• are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Ropinirole tablets can harm your unborn baby.• are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if ropinirole passes into your breast milk. The amount of breast milk you make may be decreased while taking ropinirole tablets. Talk to your healthcare provider to decide if you should breastfeed while taking ropinirole tablet.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some of these medicines may increase your chances of getting side effects while taking ropinirole.
How should I take ropinirole tablets?
• Take ropinirole tablets exactly as directed by your healthcare provider.• Ropinirole tablets are usually taken once in the evening, 1 to 3 hours before bedtime.• Take Ropinirole tablet with or without food.• Do not suddenly stop taking ropinirole tablets without talking to your healthcare provider. If you stop this medicine, you may develop withdrawal symptoms (See “What is the most important information I should know about ropinirole tablets?”).• Your healthcare provider will start you on a low dose of ropinirole tablets. Your healthcare provider may change the dose until you are taking the right amount of medicine to control your symptoms.• If you miss your dose, do not double your next dose. Take only your usual dose 1 to 3 hours before your next bedtime.• Contact your healthcare provider if you stop taking ropinirole tablets for any reason. Do not restart without talking with your healthcare provider.
What are the possible side effects of ropinirole tablets?
Ropinirole tablets can cause serious side effects, including:
• See "What is the most important information I should know about ropinirole tablets?"
The most common side effects of ropinirole tablets include:
• nausea or vomiting• drowsiness or sleepiness• dizziness• fatigue, tiredness, or weakness
Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all of the possible side effects with ropinirole tablets.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store ropinirole tablets?
• Store ropinirole tablets at room temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C).• Keep ropinirole tablets in a tightly closed container and out of direct sunlight.
Keep ropinirole tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of ropinirole tablets.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those uled in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use ropinirole tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give ropinirole tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them.
You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about ropinirole tablets that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in ropinirole tablets?
The following ingredients are in ropinirole tablets:
Active ingredient: ropinirole (as ropinirole hydrochloride, USP)
Inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Inactive ingredients of the film coats are slightly different among the 7 strengths of tablets and are tabulated below:
Strength
Inactive ingredients of the film coat
0.25 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide and lecithin (soya).
0.5 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide and iron oxide yellow.
1 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminum lake and iron oxide yellow.
2 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, lecithin (soya) and iron oxide red.
3 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, carmine and FD&C Blue No. 1 aluminum lake.
4 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, iron oxide yellow and iron oxide red.
5 mg
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol-part. hydrolyzed, talc, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminum lake and lecithin (soya).
You may report side effects to Solco Healthcare US, LLC at 1-866-257-2597 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Manufactured by:Prinston Laboratories3241 Woodpark Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28206
Distributed by:Solco Healthcare US, LLCSomerset, NJ 08873, USA
Revised: 08/2021
Principal Display Panel - 0.25 Mg Bottle Label
NDC 43547-595-10 Rx only
rOPINIRole Tablets, USP
0.25 mg*
PHARMACIST: DISPENSE THE ACCOMPANYINGPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET TO EACH PATIENT. 100 TABLETS
Principal Display Panel - 0.5 Mg Bottle Label
NDC 43547-596-10 Rx only
rOPINIRole Tablets, USP
0.5 mg*
PHARMACIST: DISPENSE THE ACCOMPANYINGPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET TO EACH PATIENT. 100 TABLETS
Principal Display Panel - 1 Mg Bottle Label
NDC 43547-597-10 Rx only
rOPINIRole Tablets, USP
1 mg*
PHARMACIST: DISPENSE THE ACCOMPANYINGPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET TO EACH PATIENT. 100 TABLETS
Principal Display Panel - 2 Mg Bottle Label
NDC 43547-598-10 Rx only
rOPINIRole Tablets, USP
2 mg*
PHARMACIST: DISPENSE THE ACCOMPANYINGPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET TO EACH PATIENT. 100 TABLETS
Principal Display Panel - 3 Mg Bottle Label
NDC 43547-599-10 Rx only
rOPINIRole Tablets, USP
3 mg*
PHARMACIST: DISPENSE THE ACCOMPANYINGPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET TO EACH PATIENT. 100 TABLETS
Principal Display Panel - 4 Mg Bottle Label
NDC 43547-600-10 Rx only
rOPINIRole Tablets, USP
4 mg*
PHARMACIST: DISPENSE THE ACCOMPANYINGPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET TO EACH PATIENT. 100 TABLETS
Principal Display Panel - 5 Mg Bottle Label
NDC 43547-601-10 Rx only
rOPINIRole Tablets, USP
5 mg*
PHARMACIST: DISPENSE THE ACCOMPANYINGPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET TO EACH PATIENT. 100 TABLETS
DISCLAIMER:
"This tool does not provide medical advice, and is for informational and educational purposes only, and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, treatment or diagnosis. Call your doctor to receive medical advice. If you think you may have a medical emergency, please dial 911."
"Do not rely on openFDA to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. We may limit or otherwise restrict your access to the API in line with our Terms of Service."
"This product uses publicly available data from the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; NLM is not responsible for the product and does not endorse or recommend this or any other product."
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