Valacyclovir (valacyclovir hydrochloride 1 g) Dailymed
Generic: valacyclovir
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valacyclovir hydrochloride 500 mg - 54356 oval white
valacyclovir hydrochloride 1 g - 54518 oval white
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1 Indications And Usage
Valacyclovir is a nucleoside analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor indicated for:
Adult Patients (1.1 )
• Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis)
• Genital Herpes• Treatment in immunocompetent patients (initial or recurrent episode)• Suppression in immunocompetent or HIV-infected patients• Reduction of transmission• Herpes Zoster
Pediatric Patients (1.2 )
• Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis)
Limitations of Use (1.3 )
• The efficacy and safety of valacyclovir has not been established in immunocompromised patients other than for the suppression of genital herpes in HIV-infected patients.1.1 Adult Patients
Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis): Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis). The efficacy of valacyclovir initiated after the development of clinical signs of a cold sore (e.g., papule, vesicle, or ulcer) has not been established.
Genital Herpes: Initial Episode: Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of the initial episode of genital herpes in immunocompetent adults. The efficacy of treatment with valacyclovir when initiated more than 72 hours after the onset of signs and symptoms has not been established.
Recurrent Episodes: Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of recurrent episodes of genital herpes in immunocompetent adults. The efficacy of treatment with valacyclovir when initiated more than 24 hours after the onset of signs and symptoms has not been established.
Suppressive Therapy: Valacyclovir is indicated for chronic suppressive therapy of recurrent episodes of genital herpes in immunocompetent and in HIV-infected adults. The efficacy and safety of valacyclovir for the suppression of genital herpes beyond 1 year in immunocompetent patients and beyond 6 months in HIV-infected patients has not been established.
Reduction of Transmission: Valacyclovir is indicated for the reduction of transmission of genital herpes in immunocompetent adults. The efficacy of valacyclovir for the reduction of transmission of genital herpes beyond 8 months in discordant couples has not been established. The efficacy of valacyclovir for the reduction of transmission of genital herpes in individuals with multiple partners and non-heterosexual couples has not been established. Safer sex practices should be used with suppressive therapy (see current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines).
Herpes Zoster: Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of herpes zoster (shingles) in immunocompetent adults. The efficacy of valacyclovir when initiated more than 72 hours after the onset of rash and the efficacy and safety of valacyclovir for treatment of disseminated herpes zoster have not been established.
1.2 Pediatric Patients
Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis): Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis) in pediatric patients ≥12 years of age. The efficacy of valacyclovir initiated after the development of clinical signs of a cold sore (e.g., papule, vesicle, or ulcer) has not been established.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 2 to ≤ 18 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline’s Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline’s marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that pediatric use is not approved for this valacyclovir tablet product.
1.3 Limitations of Use
The efficacy and safety of valacyclovir has have not been established in:
• Immunocompromised patients other than for the suppression of genital herpes in HIV-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count ≥100 cells/mm3.• Patients <12 years of age with cold sores (herpes labialis).• Patients <18 years of age with genital herpes.• Patients <18 years of age with herpes zoster.• Neonates and infants as suppressive therapy following neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 2 to ≤ 18 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline’s Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline’s marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that pediatric use is not approved for this valacyclovir tablet product.
2 Dosage And Administration
• Valacyclovir may be given without regard to meals.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients for whom a solid dosage form is not appropriate is approved for GlaxoSmithKline’s Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline’s marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that pediatric use is not approved for this valacyclovir tablet product
Adult Dosage (2.1)
Cold Sores
2 grams every 12 hours for 1 day
Genital Herpes
Initial episode
1 gram twice daily for 10 days
Recurrent episodes
500 mg twice daily for 3 days
Suppressive therapy
Immunocompetent patients
1 gram once daily
Alternate dose in patients with ≤9
recurrences/yr
500 mg once daily
HIV-infected patients
500 mg twice daily
Reduction of transmission
500 mg once daily
Herpes Zoster
1 gram 3 times daily for 7 days
Pediatric Dosage (2.2)
Cold Sores (≥12 years of age)
2 grams every 12 hours for 1 day
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 2 to ≤ 18 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline’s Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline’s marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that pediatric use is not approved for this valacyclovir tablet product.
2.1 Adult Dosing Recommendations
Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis): The recommended dosage of valacyclovir for the treatment of cold sores is 2 grams twice daily for 1 day taken 12 hours apart. Therapy should be initiated at the earliest symptom of a cold sore (e.g., tingling, itching, or burning).
Genital Herpes: Initial Episode: The recommended dosage of valacyclovir for treatment of initial genital herpes is 1 gram twice daily for 10 days. Therapy was most effective when administered within 48 hours of the onset of signs and symptoms.
Recurrent Episodes: The recommended dosage of valacyclovir for treatment of recurrent genital herpes is 500 mg twice daily for 3 days. Initiate treatment at the first sign or symptom of an episode.
Suppressive Therapy: The recommended dosage of valacyclovir for chronic suppressive therapy of recurrent genital herpes is 1 gram once daily in patients with normal immune function. In patients with a history of 9 or fewer recurrences per year, an alternative dose is 500 mg once daily.
In HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell count ≥100 cells/mm3, the recommended dosage of valacyclovir for chronic suppressive therapy of recurrent genital herpes is 500 mg twice daily.
Reduction of Transmission: The recommended dosage of valacyclovir for reduction of transmission of genital herpes in patients with a history of 9 or fewer recurrences per year is 500 mg once daily for the source partner.
Herpes Zoster: The recommended dosage of valacyclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster is 1 gram 3 times daily for 7 days. Therapy should be initiated at the earliest sign or symptom of herpes zoster and is most effective when started within 48 hours of the onset of rash.
2.2 Pediatric Dosing Recommendations
Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis): The recommended dosage of valacyclovir for the treatment of cold sores in pediatric patients ≥12 years of age is 2 grams twice daily for 1 day taken 12 hours apart. Therapy should be initiated at the earliest symptom of a cold sore (e.g., tingling, itching, or burning).
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox is approved for GlaxoSmithKline’s Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline’s marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that additional dosing information is not approved for this valacyclovir tablet product.
2.4 Patients with Renal Impairment
Dosage recommendations for adult patients with reduced renal function are provided in Table 1 [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Data are not available for the use of valacyclovir tablets in pediatric patients with a creatine clearance <50 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Table 1. Valacyclovir HCl Dosage Recommendations for Adults with Renal Impairment
Indications
Normal Dosage
Regimen
(Creatinine
Clearance ≥50 mL/min)
Creatinine Clearance (mL/min)
30 to 49
10 to 29
<10
 Cold Sores
(herpes labialis)
Do not exceed 1 day of treatment
Two 2 gram
doses taken
about 12 hours
apart
Two 1 gram
doses taken 12 hours
apart
Two 500 mg
doses taken
about 12 hours
apart
500 mg
single dose
Genital herpes:
Initial episode
1 gram every
12 hours
no reduction
1 gram every
24 hours
500 mg every
24 hours
Genital herpes:
Recurrent episodes
500 mg every
12 hours
no reduction
500 mg every
24 hours
500 mg every
24 hours
Genital herpes:
Suppressive therapy
Immunocompetent patients
1 gram every
24 hours
no reduction
500 mg every
24 hours
500 mg every
24 hours
Alternate dose for immunocompetent patients with ≤9 recurrences/year
500 mg every 24 hours
no reduction
500 mg every 48 hours
500 mg every 48 hours
HIV-infected patients
500 mg every
12 hours
no reduction
500 mg every
24 hours
500 mg every
24 hours
Herpes zoster
1 gram every
8 hours
1 gram every
12 hours
1 gram every
24 hours
500 mg every
24 hours
Hemodialysis: Patients requiring hemodialysis should receive the recommended dose of valacyclovir after hemodialysis. During hemodialysis, the half-life of acyclovir after administration of valacyclovir is approximately 4 hours. About one third of acyclovir in the body is removed by dialysis during a 4-hour hemodialysis session.
Peritoneal Dialysis: There is no information specific to administration of valacyclovir in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. The effect of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration/dialysis (CAVHD) on acyclovir pharmacokinetics has been studied. The removal of acyclovir after CAPD and CAVHD is less pronounced than with hemodialysis, and the pharmacokinetic parameters closely resemble those observed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) not receiving hemodialysis. Therefore, supplemental doses of valacyclovir should not be required following CAPD or CAVHD.
3 Dosage Forms And Strengths
Tablets:
• 500 mg: oval, white to off-white, speckled, biconvex, beveled edge tablet, debossed with product identification “54 356” on one side and plain on the other side.• 1 gram: oval, white to off-white, speckled, biconvex, beveled edge tablet, debossed with product identification “54 518” on one side and a partial bisect on the other side.
Tablets:
500 mg (unscored), 1 gram (partially scored) (3 )
4 Contraindications
Valacyclovir is contraindicated in patients who have had a demonstrated clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to valacyclovir, acyclovir, or any component of the formulation [see Adverse Reactions (6.3)].
Hypersensitivity to valacyclovir (e.g., anaphylaxis), acyclovir, or any component of the formulation. (4 )
5 Warnings And Precautions
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS): Has occurred in patients with advanced HIV disease and in allogenic bone marrow transplant and renal transplant patients receiving 8 grams per day of valacyclovir in clinical trials. Discontinue treatment if clinical symptoms and laboratory findings consistent with TTP/HUS occur. (5.1 )• Acute renal failure: May occur in elderly patients (with or without reduced renal function), patients with underlying renal disease who receive higher than recommended doses of valacyclovir for their level of renal function, patients who receive concomitant nephrotoxic drugs, or inadequately hydrated patients. Use with caution in elderly patients and reduce dosage in patients with renal impairment. (2.4 ,5.2 )• Central nervous system adverse reactions (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, confusion, and encephalopathy): May occur in both adult and pediatric patients (with or without reduced renal function) and in patients with underlying renal disease who receive higher than recommended doses of valacyclovir for their level of renal function. Elderly patients are more likely to have central nervous system adverse reactions. Use with caution in elderly patients and reduce dosage in patients with renal impairment. (2.4 ,5.3 )5.1 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura/Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (TTP/HUS)
TTP/HUS, in some cases resulting in death, has occurred in patients with advanced HIV disease and also in allogeneic bone marrow transplant and renal transplant recipients participating in clinical trials of valacyclovir at doses of 8 grams per day. Treatment with valacyclovir should be stopped immediately if clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities consistent with TTP/HUS occur.
5.2 Acute Renal Failure
Cases of acute renal failure have been reported in:
• Elderly patients with or without reduced renal function. Caution should be exercised when administering valacyclovir to geriatric patients, and dosage reduction is recommended for those with impaired renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].• Patients with underlying renal disease who received higher than recommended doses of valacyclovir for their level of renal function. Dosage reduction is recommended when administering valacyclovir to patients with renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].• Patients receiving other nephrotoxic drugs. Caution should be exercised when administering valacyclovir to patients receiving potentially nephrotoxic drugs.• Patients without adequate hydration. Precipitation of acyclovir in renal tubules may occur when the solubility (2.5 mg/mL) is exceeded in the intratubular fluid. Adequate hydration should be maintained for all patients.
In the event of acute renal failure and anuria, the patient may benefit from hemodialysis until renal function is restored [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Adverse Reactions (6.3)].
5.3 Central Nervous System Effects
Central nervous system adverse reactions, including agitation, hallucinations, confusion, delirium, seizures, and encephalopathy, have been reported in both adult and pediatric patients with or without reduced renal function and in patients with underlying renal disease who received higher than recommended doses of valacyclovir for their level of renal function. Elderly patients are more likely to have central nervous system adverse reactions. Valacyclovir should be discontinued if central nervous system adverse reactions occur [see Adverse Reactions (6.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6)].
6 Adverse Reactions
The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura/Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].• Acute Renal Failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].• Central Nervous System Effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
The most common adverse reactions reported in at least 1 indication by >10% of adult patients treated with valacyclovir and observed more frequently with valacyclovir compared to placebo are headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. The only adverse reaction reported in >10% of pediatric patients <18 years of age was headache.
• The most common adverse reactions reported in at least one indication by >10% of adult patients treated with valacyclovir and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo are headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. (6.1 )
• The only adverse reaction occurring in >10% of pediatric patients <18 years of age was headache. (6.2 )
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp. at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience in Adult Patients
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis): In clinical studies for the treatment of cold sores, the adverse reactions reported by patients receiving valacyclovir 2 grams twice daily (n = 609) or placebo (n = 609) for 1 day, respectively, included headache (14%, 10%) and dizziness (2%, 1%). The frequencies of abnormal ALT (>2 x ULN) were 1.8% for patients receiving valacyclovir compared with 0.8% for placebo. Other laboratory abnormalities (hemoglobin, white blood cells, alkaline phosphatase, and serum creatinine) occurred with similar frequencies in the 2 groups.
Genital Herpes: Initial Episode: In a clinical study for the treatment of initial episodes of genital herpes, the adverse reactions reported by ≥5% of patients receiving valacyclovir 1 gram twice daily for 10 days (n = 318) or oral acyclovir 200 mg 5 times daily for 10 days (n = 318), respectively, included headache (13%, 10%) and nausea (6%, 6%). For the incidence of laboratory abnormalities see Table 2.
Recurrent Episodes: In 3 clinical studies for the episodic treatment of recurrent genital herpes, the adverse reactions reported by ≥5% of patients receiving valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily for 3 days (n = 402), valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily for 5 days (n = 1,136) or placebo (n = 259), respectively, included headache (16%, 11%, 14%) and nausea (5%, 4%, 5%). For the incidence of laboratory abnormalities see Table 2.
Suppressive Therapy:Â Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes in Immunocompetent Adults : In a clinical study for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes infections, the adverse reactions reported by patients receiving valacyclovir 1 gram once daily (n = 269), valacyclovir 500 mg once daily (n = 266), or placebo (n = 134), respectively, included headache (35%, 38%; 34%), nausea (11%, 11%, 8%), abdominal pain (11%, 9%, 6%), dysmenorrhea (8%, 5%, 4%), depression (7%, 5%, 5%), arthralgia (6%, 5%, 4%), vomiting (3%, 3%, 2%), and dizziness (4%, 2%, 1%). For the incidence of laboratory abnormalities see Table 2.
Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes in HIV-Infected Patients : In HIV-infected patients, frequently reported adverse reactions for valacyclovir (500 mg twice daily; n = 194, median days on therapy = 172) and placebo (n = 99, median days on therapy = 59), respectively, included headache (13%, 8%), fatigue (8%, 5%), and rash (8%, 1%).
Post-randomization laboratory abnormalities that were reported more frequently in valacyclovir subjects versus placebo included elevated alkaline phosphatase (4%, 2%), elevated ALT (14%, 10%), elevated AST (16%, 11%), decreased neutrophil counts (18%, 10%), and decreased platelet counts (3%, 0%), respectively.
Reduction of Transmission: In a clinical study for the reduction of transmission of genital herpes, the adverse reactions reported by patients receiving valacyclovir 500 mg once daily (n = 743) or placebo once daily (n = 741), respectively, included headache (29%, 26%), nasopharyngitis (16%, 15%), and upper respiratory tract infection (9%, 10%).
Herpes Zoster: In 2 clinical studies for the treatment of herpes zoster, the adverse reactions reported by patients receiving valacyclovir 1 gram 3 times daily for 7 to 14 days (n = 967) or placebo (n = 195), respectively, included nausea (15%, 8%), headache (14%, 12%), vomiting (6%, 3%), dizziness (3%, 2%), and abdominal pain (3%, 2%). For the incidence of laboratory abnormalities see Table 2.
Table 2. Incidence (%) of Laboratory Abnormalities in Herpes Zoster and Genital Herpes Study Populations
Laboratory
Abnormality
Herpes Zoster
Genital Herpes Treatment
Genital Herpes Suppression
Valacyclovir 1 gram
3 times daily (n=967)
Plac-ebo n=195)
Valacyclovir 1 gram
twice daily (n=1,194)
Valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily (n=1,159)
Plac-ebo (n=439)
Valacyclovir 1 gram once daily (n=269)
Valacyclovir 500 mg
once daily (n=266)
Plac-ebo (n-134)
Hemoglobin
(<0.8 x LLNLLN=Lower limit of normal. )
0.8%
0%
0.3%
0.2%
0%
0%
0.8%
0.8%
White blood cells (<0.75 x LLN)
1.3%
0.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.2%
0.7%
0.8%
1.5%
Platelet count
(<100,000/mm3)
1%
1.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.7%
0.4%
1.1%
1.5%
AST (SGOT)
(>2 x ULNULN=Upper limit of normal. )
1%
0%
1%
Data were not collected prospectively.
0.5%
4.1%
3.8%
3%
Serum creatinine
(>1.5 x ULN)
0.2%
0%
0.7%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
6.2 Clinical Trials Experience in Pediatric Patients
Sixty-five pediatric patients, 12 to <18 years of age, received oral tablets for 1 to 2 days for treatment of cold sores. The frequency, intensity, and nature of clinical adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities were similar to those seen in adults.
Pediatric Patients 12 to <18 Years of Age (Cold Sores): In clinical studies for the treatment of cold sores, the adverse reactions reported by adolescent patients receiving valacyclovir 2 grams twice daily for 1 day, or valacyclovir 2 grams twice daily for 1 day followed by 1 gram twice daily for 1 day (n = 65, across both dosing groups), or placebo (n = 30), respectively, included headache (17%, 3%) and nausea (8%, 0%).
Labeling describing additional clinical trial adverse reactions in pediatric patients (ages of 1 month to ≤ 12 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline’s Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline’s marketing exclusivity rights, a description of those adverse reactions is not approved for this valacyclovir tablet product.
6.3 Postmarketing Experience
In addition to adverse events reported from clinical trials, the following events have been identified during postmarketing use of valacyclovir. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. These events have been chosen for inclusion due to a combination of their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or potential causal connection to valacyclovir.
General: Facial edema, hypertension, tachycardia.
Allergic: Acute hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, angioedema, dyspnea, pruritus, rash, and urticaria [see Contraindications (4)].
CNS Symptoms: Aggressive behavior; agitation; ataxia; coma; confusion; decreased consciousness; dysarthria; encephalopathy; mania; and psychosis, including auditory and visual hallucinations, seizures, tremors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.5), (8.6)].
Eye: Visual abnormalities.
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea.
Hepatobiliary Tract and Pancreas: Liver enzyme abnormalities, hepatitis.
Renal: Renal failure, renal pain (may be associated with renal failure) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.5), (8.6)].
Hematologic: Thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, TTP/HUS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Skin: Erythema multiforme, rashes including photosensitivity, alopecia.
7 Drug Interactions
No clinically significant drug-drug or drug-food interactions with valacyclovir are known [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8 Use In Specific Populations
8.1 Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category B: There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of valacyclovir or acyclovir in pregnant women. Based on prospective pregnancy registry data on 749 pregnancies, the overall rate of birth defects in infants exposed to acyclovir in-utero appears similar to the rate for infants in the general population. Valacyclovir should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
A prospective epidemiologic registry of acyclovir use during pregnancy was established in 1984 and completed in April 1999. There were 749 pregnancies followed in women exposed to systemic acyclovir during the first trimester of pregnancy resulting in 756 outcomes. The occurrence rate of birth defects approximates that found in the general population. However, the small size of the registry is insufficient to evaluate the risk for less common defects or to permit reliable or definitive conclusions regarding the safety of acyclovir in pregnant women and their developing fetuses.
Animal reproduction studies performed at oral doses that provided up to 10 and 7 times the human plasma levels during the period of major organogenesis in rats and rabbits, respectively, revealed no evidence of teratogenicity.
8.3 Nursing Mothers
Following oral administration of a 500 mg dose of valacyclovir to 5 nursing mothers, peak acyclovir concentrations (Cmax) in breast milk ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 times (median 1.4) the corresponding maternal acyclovir serum concentrations. The acyclovir breast milk AUC ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 times (median 2.2) maternal serum AUC. A 500 mg maternal dosage of valacyclovir twice daily would provide a nursing infant with an oral acyclovir dosage of approximately 0.6 mg/kg/day. This would result in less than 2% of the exposure obtained after administration of a standard neonatal dose of 30 mg/kg/day of intravenous acyclovir to the nursing infant. Unchanged valacyclovir was not detected in maternal serum, breast milk, or infant urine. Caution should be exercised when valacyclovir is administered to a nursing woman.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Valacyclovir tablets are indicated for treatment of cold sores in pediatric patients ≥12 years of age [see Indications and Usage (1.2), Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
The use of valacyclovir for treatment of cold sores is based on 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in healthy adults and adolescents (≥12 years of age) with a history of recurrent cold sores [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
The efficacy and safety of valacyclovir have not been established in pediatric patients:
• <12 years of age with cold sores• <18 years of age with genital herpes• <18 years of age with herpes zoster• for suppressive therapy following neonatal HSV infection.
In infants 1 month to <3 months of age, mean acyclovir exposures resulting from a 25 mg/kg dose were higher (Cmax: ↑30%, AUC: ↑60%) than acyclovir exposures following a 1 gram dose of valacyclovir in adults.
Labeling describing pediatric use information in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 2 to ≤ 18 years) and additional pharmacokinetic studies in pediatric patients (ages 3 months to < 12 years) treated with valacyclovir is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, that additional pediatric information is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Of the total number of subjects in clinical studies of valacyclovir, 906 were 65 and over, and 352 were 75 and over. In a clinical study of herpes zoster, the duration of pain after healing (post-herpetic neuralgia) was longer in patients 65 and older compared with younger adults. Elderly patients are more likely to have reduced renal function and require dose reduction. Elderly patients are also more likely to have renal or CNS adverse events [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.6 Renal Impairment
Dosage reduction is recommended when administering valacyclovir to patients with renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)].
10 Overdosage
Caution should be exercised to prevent inadvertent overdose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5), (8.6)]. Precipitation of acyclovir in renal tubules may occur when the solubility (2.5 mg/mL) is exceeded in the intratubular fluid. In the event of acute renal failure and anuria, the patient may benefit from hemodialysis until renal function is restored [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
11 Description
Valacyclovir hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of L-valyl ester of the antiviral drug acyclovir.
Valacyclovir Tablets USP are for oral administration. Each tablet contains valacyclovir hydrochloride USP equivalent to 500 mg or 1 gram valacyclovir and contains the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and povidone.
The chemical name of valacyclovir hydrochloride is L-valine, 2-[(2-amino-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9H-purin-9-yl)methoxy]ethyl ester, monohydrochloride. It has the following structural formula:
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Valacyclovir hydrochloride USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with the molecular formula C13H20N6O4•HCl and a molecular weight of 360.8. The maximum solubility in water at 25°C is 197 mg/mL. The pkas for valacyclovir hydrochloride are 1.9, 7.47, and 9.43.
12 Clinical Pharmacology
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Valacyclovir is an antiviral drug [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)].
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics of valacyclovir and acyclovir after oral administration of valacyclovir has been investigated in 14 volunteer studies involving 283 adults.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 1 month to < 12 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, that additional pediatric information is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
Pharmacokinetics in Adults: Absorption and Bioavailability: After oral administration, valacyclovir is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and nearly completely converted to acyclovir and L-valine by first-pass intestinal and/or hepatic metabolism. The absolute bioavailability of acyclovir after administration of valacyclovir is 54.5% ± 9.1% as determined following a 1 gram oral dose of valacyclovir and a 350 mg intravenous acyclovir dose to 12 healthy volunteers. Acyclovir bioavailability from the administration of valacyclovir is not altered by administration with food (30 minutes after an 873 Kcal breakfast, which included 51 grams of fat).
Acyclovir pharmacokinetic parameter estimates following administration of valacyclovir to healthy volunteers are presented in Table 3. There was a less than dose-proportional increase in acyclovir maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the acyclovir concentration-time curve (AUC) after single-dose and multiple-dose administration (4 times daily) of valacyclovir from doses between 250 mg to 1 gram.
There is no accumulation of acyclovir after the administration of valacyclovir at the recommended dosage regimens in adults with normal renal function.
Table 3: Mean (±SD) Plasma Acyclovir Pharmacokinetic Parameters Following Administration of Valacyclovir to Healthy Adult Volunteers
Single-Dose Administration
Multiple-Dose AdministrationAdministered 4 times daily for 11 days.
(N = 8)
(N = 24, 8 per treatment arm)
Cmax (±SD)
AUC (±SD)
Cmax (±SD)
AUC (±SD)
Dose
(mcg/mL)
(hr•mcg/mL)
(mcg/mL)
(hr•mcg/mL)
100 mg
0.83 (±0.14)
2.28 (±0.4)
ND
ND
250 mg
2.15 (±0.5)
5.76 (±0.6)
2.11 (±0.33)
5.66 (±1.09)
500 mg
3.28 (±0.83)
11.59 (±1.79)
3.69 (±0.87)
9.88 (±2.01)
750 mg
4.17 (±1.14)
14.11 (±3.54)
ND
ND
1,000 mg
5.65 (±2.37)
19.52 (±6.04)
4.96 (±0.64)
15.7 (±2.27)
Distribution: The binding of valacyclovir to human plasma proteins ranges from 13.5% to 17.9%. The binding of acyclovir to human plasma proteins ranges from 9% to 33%.
Metabolism: Valacyclovir is converted to acyclovir and L-valine by first-pass intestinal and/or hepatic metabolism. Acyclovir is converted to a small extent to inactive metabolites by aldehyde oxidase and by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Neither valacyclovir nor acyclovir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Plasma concentrations of unconverted valacyclovir are low and transient, generally becoming non-quantifiable by 3 hours after administration. Peak plasma valacyclovir concentrations are generally less than 0.5 mcg/mL at all doses. After single-dose administration of 1 gram of valacyclovir, average plasma valacyclovir concentrations observed were 0.5, 0.4, and 0.8 mcg/mL in patients with hepatic dysfunction, renal insufficiency, and in healthy volunteers who received concomitant cimetidine and probenecid, respectively.
Elimination: The pharmacokinetic disposition of acyclovir delivered by valacyclovir is consistent with previous experience from intravenous and oral acyclovir. Following the oral administration of a single 1 gram dose of radiolabeled valacyclovir to 4 healthy subjects, 46% and 47% of administered radioactivity was recovered in urine and feces, respectively, over 96 hours. Acyclovir accounted for 89% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine. Renal clearance of acyclovir following the administration of a single 1 gram dose of valacyclovir to 12 healthy volunteers was approximately 255 ± 86 mL/min which represents 42% of total acyclovir apparent plasma clearance.
The plasma elimination half-life of acyclovir typically averaged 2.5 to 3.3 hours in all studies of valacyclovir in volunteers with normal renal function.
Specific Populations: Renal Impairment: Reduction in dosage is recommended in patients with renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.5), (8.6)].
Following administration of valacyclovir to volunteers with ESRD, the average acyclovir half-life is approximately 14 hours. During hemodialysis, the acyclovir half-life is approximately 4 hours. Approximately one third of acyclovir in the body is removed by dialysis during a 4-hour hemodialysis session. Apparent plasma clearance of acyclovir in dialysis patients was 86.3 ± 21.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared with 679.16 ± 162.76 mL/min/1.73 m2 in healthy volunteers.
Hepatic Impairment: Administration of valacyclovir to patients with moderate (biopsy-proven cirrhosis) or severe (with and without ascites and biopsy-proven cirrhosis) liver disease indicated that the rate but not the extent of conversion of valacyclovir to acyclovir is reduced, and the acyclovir half-life is not affected. Dosage modification is not recommended for patients with cirrhosis.
HIV Disease: In 9 patients with HIV disease and CD4+ cell counts <150 cells/mm3 who received valacyclovir at a dosage of 1 gram 4 times daily for 30 days, the pharmacokinetics of valacyclovir and acyclovir were not different from that observed in healthy volunteers.
Geriatrics: After single-dose administration of 1 gram of valacyclovir in healthy geriatric volunteers, the half-life of acyclovir was 3.11 ± 0.51 hours, compared with 2.91 ± 0.63 hours in healthy younger adult volunteers. The pharmacokinetics of acyclovir following single- and multiple-dose oral administration of valacyclovir in geriatric volunteers varied with renal function. Dose reduction may be required in geriatric patients, depending on the underlying renal status of the patient [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6)].
Labeling describing additional pharmacokinetic studies with valacyclovir in pediatric patients (ages of 1 month to < 12 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, a description of those pharmacokinetic studies is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
Drug Interactions: When valacyclovir is coadministered with antacids, cimetidine and/or probenicid, digoxin, or thiazide diuretics in patients with normal renal function, the effects are not considered to be of clinical significance (see below). Therefore, when valacyclovir is coadministered with these drugs in patients with normal renal function, no dosage adjustment is recommended.
Antacids: The pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after a single dose of valacyclovir (1 gram) were unchanged by coadministration of a single dose of antacids (Al3+ or Mg++).
Cimetidine: Acyclovir Cmax and AUC following a single dose of valacyclovir (1 gram) increased by 8% and 32%, respectively, after a single dose of cimetidine (800 mg).
Cimetidine Plus Probenecid: Acyclovir Cmax and AUC following a single dose of valacyclovir (1 gram) increased by 30% and 78%, respectively, after a combination of cimetidine and probenecid, primarily due to a reduction in renal clearance of acyclovir.
Digoxin: The pharmacokinetics of digoxin were not affected by coadministration of valacyclovir 1 gram 3 times daily, and the pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after a single dose of valacyclovir (1 gram) was unchanged by coadministration of digoxin (2 doses of 0.75 mg).
Probenecid: Acyclovir Cmax and AUC following a single dose of valacyclovir ydrochloride (1 gram) increased by 22% and 49%, respectively, after probenecid (1 gram).
Thiazide Diuretics: The pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after a single dose of valacyclovir (1 gram) were unchanged by coadministration of multiple doses of thiazide diuretics.
12.4 Microbiology
Mechanism of Action: Valacyclovir is a nucleoside analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor. Valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir which has demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) and VZV both in cell culture and in vivo.
The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to its affinity for the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV and VZV. This viral enzyme converts acyclovir into acyclovir monophosphate, a nucleotide analogue. The monophosphate is further converted into diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. In biochemical assays, acyclovir triphosphate inhibits replication of herpes viral DNA. This is accomplished in 3 ways: 1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, 2) incorporation and termination of the growing viral DNA chain, and 3) inactivation of the viral DNA polymerase. The greater antiviral activity of acyclovir against HSV compared with VZV is due to its more efficient phosphorylation by the viral TK.
Antiviral Activities: The quantitative relationship between the cell culture susceptibility of herpesviruses to antivirals and the clinical response to therapy has not been established in humans, and virus sensitivity testing has not been standardized. Sensitivity testing results, expressed as the concentration of drug required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus in cell culture (EC50), vary greatly depending upon a number of factors. Using plaque-reduction assays, the EC50 values against herpes simplex virus isolates range from 0.09 to 60 µM (0.02 to 13.5 mcg/mL) for HSV-1 and from 0.04 to 44 µM (0.01 to 9.9 mcg/mL) for HSV-2. The EC50 values for acyclovir against most laboratory strains and clinical isolates of VZV range from 0.53 to 48 µM (0.12 to 10.8 mcg/mL). Acyclovir also demonstrates activity against the Oka vaccine strain of VZV with a mean EC50 of 6 µM (1.35 mcg/mL).
Resistance: Resistance of HSV and VZV to acyclovir can result from qualitative and quantitative changes in the viral TK and/or DNA polymerase. Clinical isolates of VZV with reduced susceptibility to acyclovir have been recovered from patients with AIDS. In these cases, TK-deficient mutants of VZV have been recovered.
Resistance of HSV and VZV to acyclovir occurs by the same mechanisms. While most of the acyclovir-resistant mutants isolated thus far from immunocompromised patients have been found to be TK-deficient mutants, other mutants involving the viral TK gene (TK partial and TK altered) and DNA polymerase have also been isolated. TK-negative mutants may cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients. The possibility of viral resistance to valacyclovir (and therefore, to acyclovir) should be considered in patients who show poor clinical response during therapy.
13 Nonclinical Toxicology
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
The data presented below include references to the steady-state acyclovir AUC observed in humans treated with 1 gram valacyclovir given orally 3 times a day to treat herpes zoster. Plasma drug concentrations in animal studies are expressed as multiples of human exposure to acyclovir [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Valacyclovir was noncarcinogenic in lifetime carcinogenicity bioassays at single daily doses (gavage) of valacyclovir giving plasma acyclovir concentrations equivalent to human levels in the mouse bioassay and 1.4 to 2.3 times human levels in the rat bioassay. There was no significant difference in the incidence of tumors between treated and control animals, nor did valacyclovir shorten the latency of tumors.
Valacyclovir was tested in 5 genetic toxicity assays. An Ames assay was negative in the absence or presence of metabolic activation. Also negative were an in vitro cytogenetic study with human lymphocytes and a rat cytogenetic study.
In the mouse lymphoma assay, valacyclovir was not mutagenic in the absence of metabolic activation. In the presence of metabolic activation (76% to 88% conversion to acyclovir), valacyclovir was mutagenic.
Valacyclovir was mutagenic in a mouse micronucleus assay.
Valacyclovir did not impair fertility or reproduction in rats at 6 times human plasma levels.
14 Clinical Studies
14.1 Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis)
Two double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials were conducted in 1,856 healthy adults and adolescents (≥12 years old) with a history of recurrent cold sores. Patients self-initiated therapy at the earliest symptoms and prior to any signs of a cold sore. The majority of patients initiated treatment within 2 hours of onset of symptoms. Patients were randomized to valacyclovir 2 grams twice daily on Day 1 followed by placebo on Day 2, valacyclovir 2 grams twice daily on Day 1 followed by 1 gram twice daily on Day 2, or placebo on Days 1 and 2.
The mean duration of cold sore episodes was about 1 day shorter in treated subjects as compared with placebo. The 2 day regimen did not offer additional benefit over the 1-day regimen.
No significant difference was observed between subjects receiving valacyclovir or placebo in the prevention of progression of cold sore lesions beyond the papular stage.
14.2 Genital Herpes Infections
Initial Episode: Six hundred and forty-three immunocompetent adults with first episode genital herpes who presented within 72 hours of symptom onset were randomized in a double-blind trial to receive 10 days of valacyclovir 1 gram twice daily (N=323) or oral acyclovir 200 mg 5 times a day (N=320). For both treatment groups: the median time to lesion healing was 9 days, the median time to cessation of pain was 5 days, the median time to cessation of viral shedding was 3 days.
Recurrent Episodes: Three double-blind trials (2 of them placebo-controlled) in immunocompetent adults with recurrent genital herpes were conducted. Patients self-initiated therapy within 24 hours of the first sign or symptom of a recurrent genital herpes episode.
In 1 study, patients were randomized to receive 5 days of treatment with either valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily (N=360) or placebo (N=259). The median time to lesion healing was 4 days in the group receiving valacyclovir 500 mg versus 6 days in the placebo group, and the median time to cessation of viral shedding in patients with at least 1 positive culture (42% of the overall study population) was 2 days in the group receiving valacyclovir 500 mg versus 4 days in the placebo group. The median time to cessation of pain was 3 days in the group receiving valacyclovir 500 mg versus 4 days in the placebo group. Results supporting efficacy were replicated in a second trial.
In a third study, patients were randomized to receive valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily for 5 days (N=398) or valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily for 3 days (and matching placebo twice daily for 2 additional days) (N=402). The median time to lesion healing was about 4 1/2 days in both treatment groups. The median time to cessation of pain was about 3 days in both treatment groups.
Suppressive Therapy: Two clinical studies were conducted, one in immunocompetent adults and one in HIV-infected adults.
A double-blind, 12-month, placebo- and active-controlled study enrolled immunocompetent adults with a history of 6 or more recurrences per year. Outcomes for the overall study population are shown in Table 5.
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Table 5: Recurrence Rates in Immunocompetent Adults at 6 and 12 Months
6 Months
12 Months
Valacyclovir
1 gram
once daily
Oral Acyclovir
400 mg
twice daily
Placebo
Valacyclovir
1 gram
once daily
Oral Acyclovir 400 mg
twice daily
Placebo
Outcome
(N=269)
(N=267)
(N=134)
(N=269)
(N=267)
(N=134)
Recurrence free
55%
54%
7%
34%
34%
4%
Recurrences
35%
36%
83%
46%
46%
85%
UnknownsIncludes lost to follow-up, discontinuations due to adverse events, and consent withdrawn.
10%
10%
10%
19%
19%
10%
Subjects with 9 or fewer recurrences per year showed comparable results with valacyclovir 500 mg once daily.
In a second study, 293 HIV-infected adults on stable antiretroviral therapy with a history of 4 or more recurrences of ano-genital herpes per year were randomized to receive either valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily (N=194) or matching placebo (N=99) for 6 months. The median duration of recurrent genital herpes in enrolled subjects was 8 years, and the median number of recurrences in the year prior to enrollment was 5. Overall, the median prestudy HIV-1 RNA was 2.6 log10 copies/mL. Among patients who received valacyclovir, the prestudy median CD4+ cell count was 336 cells/mm3; 11% had <100 cells/mm3, 16% had 100 to 199 cells/mm3, 42% had 200 to 499 cells/mm3, and 31% had ≥500 cells/mm3. Outcomes for the overall study population are shown in Table 6.
Table 6: Recurrence Rates in HIV-Infected Adults at 6 Months
Valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily
Placebo
Outcome
(N=194)
(N=99)
Recurrence free
65%
26%
Recurrences
17%
57%
UnknownIncludes lost to follow-up, discontinuations due to adverse events, and consent withdrawn.
18%
17%
Reduction of Transmission of Genital Herpes: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess transmission of genital herpes was conducted in 1,484 monogamous, heterosexual, immunocompetent adult couples. The couples were discordant for HSV-2 infection. The source partner had a history of 9 or fewer genital herpes episodes per year. Both partners were counseled on safer sex practices and were advised to use condoms throughout the study period. Source partners were randomized to treatment with either valacyclovir 500 mg once daily or placebo once daily for 8 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was symptomatic acquisition of HSV-2 in susceptible partners. Overall HSV-2 acquisition was defined as symptomatic HSV-2 acquisition and/or HSV-2 seroconversion in susceptible partners. The efficacy results are summarized in Table 7.
Table 7: Percentage of Susceptible Partners Who Acquired HSV-2 Defined by the Primary and Selected Secondary Endpoints
ValacyclovirResults show reductions in risk of 75% (symptomatic HSV-2 acquisition), 50% (HSV-2 seroconversion), and 48% (overall HSV-2 acquisition) with valacyclovir versus placebo. Individual results may vary based on consistency of safer sex practices.
Placebo
Endpoint
(N=743)
(N=741)
Symptomatic HSV-2 acquisition
4 (0.5%)
16 (2.2%)
HSV-2 seroconversion
12 (1.6%)
24 (3.2%)
Overall HSV-2 acquisition
14 (1.9%)
27 (3.6%)
14.3 Herpes Zoster
Two randomized double-blind clinical trials in immunocompetent adults with localized herpes zoster were conducted. Valacyclovir was compared with placebo in patients less than 50 years of age, and with oral acyclovir in patients greater than 50 years of age. All patients were treated within 72 hours of appearance of zoster rash. In patients less than 50 years of age, the median time to cessation of new lesion formation was 2 days for those treated with valacyclovir compared with 3 days for those treated with placebo. In patients greater than 50 years of age, the median time to cessation of new lesions was 3 days in patients treated with either valacyclovir or oral acyclovir. In patients less than 50 years of age, no difference was found with respect to the duration of pain after healing (post-herpetic neuralgia) between the recipients of valacyclovir and placebo. In patients greater than 50 years of age, among the 83% who reported pain after healing (post-herpetic neuralgia), the median duration of pain after healing [95% confidence interval] in days was: 40 [31, 51], 43 [36, 55], and 59 [41, 77] for 7-day valacyclovir, 14-day valacyclovir, and 7-day oral acyclovir, respectively.
Labeling describing clinical studies of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 2 to ≤ 18 years) for the treatment of chickenpox is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, a description of those clinical studies is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
16 How Supplied/storage And Handling
Valacyclovir Tablets USP
The 500 mg tablet is supplied as an oval, white to off-white, speckled, biconvex, beveled edge tablet, debossed with product identification “54 356” on one side and plain on the other side.
NDC 0054-0114-13: Bottle of 30 Tablets
NDC 0054-0114-27: Bottle of 250 Tablets
The 1 g tablet is supplied as an oval, white to off-white, speckled, biconvex, beveled edge tablet, debossed with product identification “54 518” on one side and a partial bisect on the other side.
NDC 0054-0115-13: Bottle of 30 Tablets
NDC 0054-0115-27: Bottle of 250 Tablets
Storage
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
17 Patient Counseling Information
See FDA-Approved Patient Labeling (17.6)
17.1 Importance of Adequate Hydration
Patients should be advised to maintain adequate hydration.
17.2 Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis)
Patients should be advised to initiate treatment at the earliest symptom of a cold sore (e.g., tingling, itching, or burning). There are no data on the effectiveness of treatment initiated after the development of clinical signs of a cold sore (e.g., papule, vesicle, or ulcer). Patients should be instructed that treatment for cold sores should not exceed 1 day (2 doses) and that their doses should be taken about 12 hours apart. Patients should be informed that valacyclovir is not a cure for cold sores.
17.3 Genital Herpes
Patients should be informed that valacyclovir is not a cure for genital herpes. Because genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease, patients should avoid contact with lesions or intercourse when lesions and/or symptoms are present to avoid infecting partners. Genital herpes is frequently transmitted in the absence of symptoms through asymptomatic viral shedding. Therefore, patients should be counseled to use safer sex practices in combination with suppressive therapy with valacyclovir. Sex partners of infected persons should be advised that they might be infected even if they have no symptoms. Type-specific serologic testing of asymptomatic partners of persons with genital herpes can determine whether risk for HSV-2 acquisition exists.
Valacyclovir has not been shown to reduce transmission of sexually transmitted infections other than HSV-2.
If medical management of a genital herpes recurrence is indicated, patients should be advised to initiate therapy at the first sign or symptom of an episode.
There are no data on the effectiveness of treatment initiated more than 72 hours after the onset of signs and symptoms of a first episode of genital herpes or more than 24 hours after the onset of signs and symptoms of a recurrent episode.
There are no data on the safety or effectiveness of chronic suppressive therapy of more than 1 year’s duration in otherwise healthy patients. There are no data on the safety or effectiveness of chronic suppressive therapy of more than 6 months’ duration in HIV-infected patients.
17.4 Herpes Zoster
There are no data on treatment initiated more than 72 hours after onset of the zoster rash. Patients should be advised to initiate treatment as soon as possible after a diagnosis of herpes zoster.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 2 to ≤ 18 years) for the treatment of chickenpox is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that use is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
17.6 FDA-Approved Patient Labeling
Patient labeling is provided as a tear-off leaflet along with this full prescribing information.
Distr. by: West-Ward
Pharmaceuticals Corp.
Eatontown, NJ 07724
10009144/03
Revised March 2016
Patient Information
Read the Patient Information that comes with valacyclovir tablets before you start using it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
What are Valacyclovir Tablets?
Valacyclovir tablets are a prescription antiviral medicine. Valacyclovir tablets lowers the ability of herpes viruses to multiply in your body.
Valacyclovir tablets are used in adults:
• to treat cold sores (also called fever bulers or herpes labialis)• to treat shingles (also called herpes zoster)• to treat or control genital herpes outbreaks in adults with normal immune systems.• to control genital herpes outbreaks in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with CD4+ cell count greater than 100 cells/mm3.• with safer sex practices to lower the chances of spreading genital herpes to others. Even with safer sex practices, it is still possible to spread genital herpes.
Valacyclovir tablets used daily with the following safer sex practices can lower the chances of passing genital herpes to your partner.
• Do not have sexual contact with your partner when you have any symptom or outbreak of genital herpes.• Use a condom made of latex or polyurethane whenever you have sexual contact.
Valacyclovir tablets are used in children:
• to treat cold sores (for children ≥12 years of age)
Valacyclovir tablets do not cure herpes infections (cold sores, shingles, or genital herpes).
The efficacy of valacyclovir tablets has not been studied in children who have not reached puberty.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages 2 to ≤ 18 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that pedicatric use is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
What are Cold Sores, Shingles, and Genital Herpes?
Cold sores are caused by a herpes virus that may be spread by kissing or other physical contact with the infected area of the skin. They are small, painful ulcers that you get in or around your mouth. It is not known if valacyclovir tablets can stop the spread of cold sores to others.
Shingles is caused by the same herpes virus that causes chickenpox. It causes small, painful bulers that happen on your skin. Shingles occurs in people who have already had chickenpox. Shingles can be spread to people who have not had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine by contact with the infected areas of the skin. It is not known if valacyclovir tablets can stop the spread of shingles to others.
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease. It causes small, painful bulers on your genital area. You can spread genital herpes to others, even when you have no symptoms. If you are sexually active, you can still pass herpes to your partner, even if you are taking valacyclovir tablets. Valacyclovir tablets, taken every day as prescribed and used with the following safer sex practices, can lower the chances of passing genital herpes to your partner.
• Do not have sexual contact with your partner when you have any symptom or outbreak of genital herpes.• Use a condom made of latex or polyurethane whenever you have sexual contact.
Ask your healthcare provider for more information about safer sex practices.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages of 2 to ≤ 18 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that pediatric use is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
Who Should Not Take Valacyclovir Tablets?
Do not take valacyclovir tablets if you are allergic to any of its ingredients or to acyclovir. The active ingredient is valacyclovir. See the end of this leaflet for a complete ul of ingredients in valacyclovir tablets.
Before Taking Valacyclovir Tablets, Tell Your Healthcare Provider:
About all your medical conditions, including:
• if you have had a bone marrow transplant or kidney transplant, or if you have advanced HIV disease or “AIDS”. Patients with these conditions may have a higher chance for getting a blood disorder called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS). TTP/HUS can result in death.• if you have kidney problems. Patients with kidney problems may have a higher chance for getting side effects or more kidney problems with valacyclovir tablets. Your healthcare provider may give you a lower dose of valacyclovir tablets.• if you are 65 years of age or older. Elderly patients have a higher chance of certain side effects. Also, elderly patients are more likely to have kidney problems. Your healthcare provider may give you a lower dose of valacyclovir tablets.• if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Talk with your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of taking prescription drugs (including valacyclovir tablets) during pregnancy.• if you are breastfeeding. Valacyclovir tablets may pass into your milk and it may harm your baby. Talk with your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you are taking valacyclovir tablets.• about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Valacyclovir tablets may affect other medicines, and other medicines may affect valacyclovir tablets. It is a good idea to keep a complete ul of all the medicines you take. Show this ul to your healthcare provider and pharmacist any time you get a new medicine.
How Should I Take Valacyclovir Tablets?
Take valacyclovir tablets exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Your dose of valacyclovir tablets and length of treatment will depend on the type of herpes infection that you have and any other medical problems that you have.
• Do not stop valacyclovir tablets or change your treatment without talking to your healthcare provider.• Valacyclovir tablets can be taken with or without food.• If you are taking valacyclovir tablets to treat cold sores, shingles, or genital herpes, you should start treatment as soon as possible after your symptoms start. Valacyclovir tablets may not help you if you start treatment too late.• If you miss a dose of valacyclovir tablets, take it as soon as you remember and then take your next dose at its regular time. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, do not take the missed dose. Wait and take the next dose at the regular time.• Do not take more than the prescribed number of valacyclovir tablets each day. Call your healthcare provider right away if you take too many valacyclovir tablets.
Labeling describing use of valacyclovir in pediatric patients with chickenpox (ages of 2 to ≤ 18 years) is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that pediatric use is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
What Are the Possible Side Effects of Valacyclovir Tablets?
Kidney failure and nervous system problems are not common, but can be serious in some patients taking valacyclovir tablets. Nervous system problems include aggressive behavior, unsteady movement, shaky movements, confusion, speech problems, hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are really not there), seizures, and coma. Kidney failure and nervous system problems have happened in patients who already have kidney disease and in elderly patients whose kidneys do not work well due to age. Always tell your healthcare provider if you have kidney problems before taking valacyclovir tablets. Call your doctor right away if you get a nervous system problem while you are taking valacyclovir tablets.
Common side effects of valacyclovir tablets in adults include headache, nausea, stomach pain, vomiting, and dizziness. Side effects in HIV-infected adults include headache, tiredness, and rash. These side effects usually are mild and do not cause patients to stop taking valacyclovir tablets.
Other less common side effects include painful periods in women, joint pain, depression, low blood cell counts, and changes in tests that measure how well the liver and kidneys work.
The most common side effect seen in children <18 years of age was headache.
Talk to your healthcare provider if you develop any side effects that concern you.
These are not all the side effects of valacyclovir tablets. For more information ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How Should I Store Valacyclovir Tablets?
• Store valacyclovir tablets at room temperature, 68° to 77°F (20° to 25°C).• Keep valacyclovir tablets in a tightly closed container.• Do not keep medicine that is out of date or that you no longer need.• Keep valacyclovir tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
Labeling describing storage of oral suspension of valacyclovir is approved for GlaxoSmithKline's Valtrex® Caplets. However, due to GlaxoSmithKline's marketing exclusivity rights, a description of that storage information is not approved for this valacylcovir tablet product.
General Information About Valacyclovir Tablets
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for conditions that are not mentioned in patient information leaflets. Do not use valacyclovir tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give valacyclovir tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.
This leaflet summarizes the most important information about valacyclovir tablets. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about valacyclovir tablets that is written for health professionals.
What Are the Ingredients in Valacyclovir Tablets USP?
Active Ingredient: valacyclovir hydrochloride USP
Inactive Ingredients: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone.
Distr. by: West-Ward
Pharmaceuticals Corp.
Eatontown, NJ 07724
10009144/03
Revised March 2016 2014
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Package/label Principal Display Panel
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